柴油机新型排气微粒捕集技术的研究

研究了一种新型的柴油机排气微粒捕集器——燃媒剂再生微粒捕集器。通过大量的柴油机台架试验．分析了该微粒捕集器对CA6DL1-28柴油机的动力性、燃油经济性以及排放性能的影响,并结合大量的实验数据分析了微粒捕集器的强制再生过程。实验结果表明,该微粒捕集器具有同类其他产品无法比拟的良好特性,同时也为该方法对国产发动机的适应性提供了依据。     

柴油机排气微粒捕集器燃烧器再生技术研究

提出了一种新的柴油机微粒捕集器再生用燃烧器的空气供给方式--从涡轮增压器出口处取气,并根据捕集器加热再生要求,设汁了一套全流式燃烧器再生系统,对该系统的升温特性进行了试验研究.该系统由燃烧器与氧化催化器(DOC)两大部件组成,采用两级升温策略,能有效地对捕集器进行再生.研究结果表明,新的供气方式是可行的,且未对发动机动力性带来不利影响,所设计的燃烧器再生系统能在较大发动机工况范围内迅速提升排气温度至500℃以上.     

燃油催化微粒捕集器微粒捕集与强制再生特性的研究

采用燃油催化再生微粒捕集器,对某排量为7.7 L柴油机的排放微粒进行捕集与强制再生。试验结果表明:在低排温工况下,随着微粒捕集器内微粒不断增加,微粒捕集器两端压差随捕集时间增加呈线性提高。燃油中加入的铁基催化剂可以降低碳粒燃烧的温度,增加微粒捕集器的微粒储备能力,并能够有效再生。当燃油中无添加剂时,在特定工况下发动机运行19.5 h后,微粒捕集器的两端压差达到10 kPa,而有添加剂时则可延长到23.5 h。在排气温度为530℃的强制再生工况下,燃油中有添加剂,约需6 min可全部强制再生累积的微粒,而无添加剂则约用时14 min,且有添加剂时强制再生程度较高。微粒捕集器经500 h耐久试验后,在有添加剂情况下其两端压差达到15 kPa,发动机需在微粒累积工况下运转23 h,无添加剂需要18.5 h。按ESC排放测试,微粒捕集器对微粒的过滤效率达到80%以上,微粒排放为0.017 g/(kW.h),试验结果还发现微粒捕集器对CO、HC及NOx的排放没有影响。     

柴油添加剂和微粒捕集器的协同性分析与研究

柴油添加剂可以降低发动机燃烧室内的碳烟生成,而微粒捕集器则能有效控制柴油机尾气中微粒排放。对柴油添加剂种类、微粒捕集器过滤体材料和微粒捕集器的再生方法分别作了介绍,并着重对柴油添加剂促进微粒捕集器再生的机理和存在的问题进行了分析和研究。     

自净式柴油机微粒捕集器的开发

一种旋转自净式柴油机微粒捕集器已开发成功,并与一台单缸柴油机的排气相连进行了试验。这种捕集器无需烧掉微粒的热再生。它具有连续的自净过程,因而左再生过程中不再出现捕集器材料破裂等故障。被捕集的微粒被与排气流向相反的压缩空气流吹出捕集器,并收集在一个纤维过滤袋中。在柴油机大负荷工况下进行了初步试验。试验表明,虽然要对捕集器作进一步的改进来提高其耐久性,但该捕集器可有效地滤除微粒。还可利用数字模拟技术研究捕集器总成内的气流型式并对捕集器进行辅助优化设计。     

缸内直喷汽油机微粒捕集器结构参数仿真优化研究

缸内直喷汽油机混合气形成方式与柴油机类似,均在燃烧室内喷入燃油形成混合气。该特点决定了其尾气中存在相对较多的微粒。作为处理发动机尾气中微粒的一种有效方式,加装微粒捕集器可以明显降低整车微粒排放。本文结合发动机台架试验结果针对性地运用GT-POWER仿真软件对微粒捕集器结构参数进行仿真优化,分析了微粒捕集器载体孔隙率和微孔平均直径等参数对微粒捕集过程的影响。优化后的载体具有较高的微粒捕集效率,并且具有较低的排气背压。为深入研究微粒捕集器微粒捕集过程和产品设计开发奠定理论基础。     

柴油机微粒捕集器降怠速再生过程载体温度的控制

针对柴油机微粒捕集器降怠速再生过程载体峰值温度偏高问题进行了基于排气中氧气体积分数控制策略的降怠速再生试验.结果表明:在高怠速工况通过耦合调整再循环废气和进气流量可有效控制排气中氧气体积分数低至8%以下,而氧控所引起的燃烧恶化也导致了HC、CO排放量增大;碳载量和排气流量相同条件下,进行的氧控降怠速再生试验过程其载体内部峰值温度显著低于原机非氧控降怠速再生数值;提高载体碳载量并进行氧控降怠速再生,微粒加载背压和载体峰值温度仍在发动机正常运转以及载体材料温度安全范围内,满足安全以及可靠再生的同时达到了拓展安全再生碳载量限值以及延长微粒捕集器再生周期的目的.     

燃油催化微粒捕集器对柴油机性能影响的研究

研究了一种燃油催化剂再生微粒捕集器的微粒捕集与再生特性。通过柴油机台架试验分析了该微粒捕集器对国产CA6DL1-28型柴油机的动力性、燃油经济性和排放性能的影响。试验结果表明,该微粒捕集器具有同类其他产品无法比拟的良好特性,同时也为其对其他国产发动机的适应性研究提供了依据。     

柴油机排气加热燃烧器热力特性数值模拟

针对柴油机微粒捕集器的热再生,设计了一套排气加热燃烧器,采用κ-ε湍流双方程模型、PDF燃烧模型对其燃烧过程进行数值模拟.结果表明,配风比例对燃烧过程影响较大,增大一、二次风比例导致点火困难,燃烧不稳定;喷射锥角、喷射压力和喷射位置对燃烧过程的影响次之,存在一个中间优化喷射锥角,当喷射压力达到一定值后,燃烧过程基本保持稳定.在发动机试验台架上对部分模拟结果进行了试验验证,结果表明模拟结果与试验结果基本一致.     

柴油机排气微粒捕捉器燃气再生技术的研究

提出了一种新的柴油机排气微粒捕捉器的加热再生技术 ,即利用燃气与排气中的氧气燃烧清除微粒捕捉器中沉积的微粒 ;根据液化石油气的物化特性和排气中的含氧量 ,对这种方法的可行性进行了理论分析和试验验证 ;研制了一种以液化石油气为再生燃料的柴油机排气微粒捕捉器 ,并对燃气流量、过滤体内的微粒沉积量以及再生时间等影响因素进行了台架试验研究。     

水下工作柴油机排气降温系统设计及试验

排气背压对柴油机的动力性能和油耗有着重要的影响,排气背压过大会造成动力性能的损失和油耗的增加,因此,在为柴油机设计排气后处理装置时,要充分考虑排气背压的大小。本文针对水下工作的柴油机,设计了一套排气降温系统,可以使得该柴油机在水下工作时,其排气可以被冷却后直接排向大气,并且其动力性能不受影响,这就要求在设计过程中要使整个排气降温系统的流动阻力尽可能最小。通过试验结果表明:加装该排气降温系统后柴油机输出动力性能良好,无功率和转矩损失;特殊管壳式换热器换热效果良好,能使最高温度为503.4℃的高温烟气降低到39.4℃。本文研究的结果对小型水下动力装置排气降温系统的选择和设计有一定的参考价值。     

Effects of secondary combustion on efficiencies and emission reduction in the diesel engine exhaust heat recovery system

An experimental study on the effects of secondary combustion on efficiencies and emission reduction in the diesel engine exhaust heat recovery system has been undertaken. The co-generation concept is utilized in that the electric power is produced by the generator connected to the diesel engine, and heat is recovered from both combustion exhaust gases and the engine by the fin-and-tube and shell-and-tube heat exchangers, respectively. A specially designed secondary combustor is installed at the engine outlet in order to reburn the unburned fuel from the diesel engine, thereby improving the system’s efficiency as well as reducing air pollution caused by exhaust gases. The main components of the secondary combustor are coiled Nichrome wires heated by the electric current and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) housed inside a well insulated stainless steel shell. The performance tests were conducted at four water flow rates of 5, 10, 15 and 20 L/min and five electric power outputs of 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 kW. The results show that at a water flow of 20 L/min and a power generation of 9 kW, the total efficiency (thermal efficiency plus electric power generation efficiency) of this system reaches a maximum 94.4% which is approximately 15–20% higher than that of the typical diesel engine exhaust heat recovery system. Besides, the use of the secondary combustor and heat exchangers results in 80%, 35% and 90% reduction of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NO_x) and particulate matter (PM), respectively.     

车用柴油机排气微粒后处理器的开发

开发了一种用于市内公共汽车的6120Q型柴油机的排气微粒后处理器。后处理器用泡沫陶瓷作为微粒捕集介质,保证净化效率在50％以上。鉴于我国市内公共汽车柴油机的平均排气温度很低,在捕集器的前端装了一个燃烧器,定期对陶瓷滤芯进行热再生。文中介绍了微粒捕集器和再生燃烧器结构发展的沿革,特别是再生系统的工作和性能。     

车用柴油机节能潜力的能质分析方法与试验研究

在热平衡分析基础上建立了柴油机能质分析的平衡计算模型,并以WD615(162kW)型车用柴油机为对象进行了试验研究,对比分析柴油机工作过程中的能质分布规律和节能潜力。结果表明:在冷却水及排气能量利用之前,柴油机的热平衡规律和有效能利用率一致。在柴油机最大扭矩点(约1 600r/min),系统有效功占总热量的百分比达到最大值,效率、冷却水和排气的可用能比例也达到最大,约有17%的可用能还未得到利用。不可逆燃烧、有限温差传热和摩擦损耗等因素降低了系统能量的能级,减少柴油机系统的损同时梯级利用排气及冷却水能量,是车用柴油机节能的可行手段。分析方法也为柴油机的效率评价提供了一种新的参考方案。     

乙醇掺混燃烧对柴油机油耗影响的实验研究

乙醇吸热后部分热解可产生多种气体的混合物,为了研究气体混合物掺混燃烧在柴油机上的节油效果,对柴油机系统进行了改造:乙醇通过安装在柴油机排气管上的小型高效换热器吸收烟气余热,部分热解后混合气体由进气道通入柴油机燃烧室改善燃烧.在该系统上进行了定功率-不同转速以及额定转速-不同功率下的节油试验,表明:该系统在高低功率条件下均有较好的节油和节能效果.柴油机转速为1 500 r/min时,节油率最高可达40％,节能率最高可达13.5％;在柴油机额定转速2 000 r/min时,节油率最高可达24％,节能率最高可达5.7％.结合乙醇热解的气体混合物的测量数据,得出了低功率下主要依靠乙醇蒸气,高功率下主要依靠小分子气体的节油原理.     

Research on the applications of infrared technique in the diagnosis and prediction of diesel engine exhaust fault

This paper mainly introduces the basic principles,the methods and the applications of infrared technique in the diagnosis and prediction of diesel engine exhaust faults. The test-bed for monitoring diesel engine exhaust faults by thermal infrared imager has been designed. In different running conditions, the exterior surface radiation temperatures of the exhaust pipe of the 6135G-1 diesel engine have been measured by infrared imaging system. According to the principle of infrared temperature measurement, the real temperatures of the exterior surface of the exhaust pipe have been calculated. Based on the principle of heat transfer, the method of calculating the exhaust temperatures according to the exterior surface radiation temperatures of exhaust pipe measured by thermal infrared imager is built. The relationship between diesel engine exhaust temperatures and faults has been analyzed. It is shown that the application of infrared inspection and diagnosis to the identifying of diesel engine exhaust faults is feasible and effective.     

船舶柴油发电机组余热冷却系统设计

针对船用柴油发电机组在停机后仍有大量热量辐射至机舱,严重影响机舱舒适性的问题,以某型船舶柴油发电机组为对象,设计了一套余热冷却系统,在柴油发电机组停机后对缸套等高温部位进行冷却.经相关试验验证:该冷却系统可有效降低柴油发电机组停机后的温度,且具有操作简单,维护方便,自动控制等特点.     

井下防爆电控柴油机设计分析

实现井下作业柴油机的优化升级,对于提升矿井作业有效性意义重大。以此为着手点,针对矿井以往机械式防爆柴油机使用中存在的动力不足和废气排放多等不足,开展了防爆电控柴油机的设计分析,从电气系统、电源系统、燃油喷射系统、故障诊断系统多个方面对防爆电控柴油机进行了全面的分析,希望能够为其他矿井引进和应用此类设备提供借鉴和参考。     

NO2-Assisted Soot Regeneration Behavior in a Diesel Particulate Filter with Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust Gases

A major concern in operating a diesel engine is how to reduce the soot emission from the exhaust gases, as soot has a negative effect on both human health and the environment. More stringent emission regulations make the diesel particulate filter (DPF) an indispensable after-treatment component to reduce diesel soot from exhaust gases. The most important issue in developing an effective DPF, however, is regeneration technology to oxidize the diesel soot trapped in the filter, either periodically or continuously, during regular engine operations. Various methods exist for regenerating diesel soot captured by the filter. Of these, NO₂ is widely used for continuous regeneration of diesel soot since it can oxidize diesel soot at lower temperatures than the conventional oxidizer O₂ In this work, after introducing governing equations for trapping and regenerating diesel soot in the DPF, regeneration behavior is examined by changing such various parameters as exhaust gas temperature and O₂ concentration. Numerical investigation is then performed in order to find the optimum NO₂/soot ratio required for continuous regeneration of the soot deposited in the DPF.     

Effect of heat exchanger material and fouling on thermoelectric exhaust heat recovery

Thermoelectric devices are being investigated as a means of improving fuel economy for diesel and gasoline vehicles through the conversion of wasted fuel energy, in the form of heat, to useable electricity. By capturing a small portion of the energy that is available with thermoelectric devices can reduce engine loads thus decreasing pollutant emissions, fuel consumption, and CO₂ to further reduce green house gas emissions. This study is conducted in an effort to better understand and improve the performance of thermoelectric heat recovery systems for automotive use. For this purpose an experimental investigation of thermoelectrics in contact with clean and fouled heat exchangers of different materials is performed. The thermoelectric devices are tested on a bench-scale thermoelectric heat recovery apparatus that simulates automotive exhaust. It is observed that for higher exhaust gas flowrates, thermoelectric power output increases from 2 to 3.8 W while overall system efficiency decreases from 0.95% to 0.6%. Degradation of the effectiveness of the EGR-type heat exchangers over a period of driving is also simulated by exposing the heat exchangers to diesel engine exhaust under thermophoretic conditions to form a deposit layer. For the fouled EGR-type heat exchangers, power output and system efficiency is observed to be 5-10% lower for all conditions tested.