活性炭技术介绍(分析篇3)

介绍了测定活性炭的MS强度的试验方法、测定活性炭吸附腐植酸值的试验方法、并介绍了活性炭的均匀系数和有效径的试验方法。     

活性炭碘吸附值测试标准的特点与适用性

对比分析了GB/T 12496.8—2015《木质活性炭试验方法碘吸附值的测定》、GB/T 7702.7—87《煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法碘吸附值的测定》、GB/T 7702.7—2008《煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法碘吸附值的测定》、ASTM D 4607—2014《测定活性炭中碘值的标准试验方法》、JIS K1474—201...     

天然水处理用活性炭选炭方法的评述

评述了目前几种天然水处理用活性炭的选择方法:活性炭检验法、微型柱快速穿透(MCRB)法、丹宁酸吸附值和焦糖脱色率测定法、测定活性炭的孔径分布与活性炭吸附性能的关系法.通过剖析国内外的研究现状,以期寻找准确、高效和方便的活性炭选择方法,以适应水处理行业的需求.     

几种活性炭表面酸性基团的测定及其对吸附性能的影响

考察了测定活性炭表面酸性基团方法的影响因素，测定了几种活性炭表面酸性基团的数量，初步研究了苯酚和苯甲酸在活性炭上的吸附与活性炭表面酸性基团的数量、种类之间的关系，结果表明：苯酚和苯甲酸在活性炭上的吸附在相当程度上受活性炭表面酸性基团的数量与种类的影响；苯酚的吸附量，随活性炭单位表面上酚羟基和羧基数量的增加而降低；而苯甲酸的吸附则与炭表面的酸性基团总量有关。     

活性炭技术介绍(分析篇2)

笔者介绍了测定活性炭的吸氯试验方法、活性炭半脱氯值的试验方法及活性炭吸附SO2饱和容量的试验方法。     

通过活性炭吸附法处理煤化工废水中苯酚的探究

以活性炭为吸附剂吸附煤化工废水中的苯酚,采用4-氨基抗吡啶吸光度法测定吸附后的废水中的苯酚含量。通过研究活性炭吸附时间、苯酚初始浓度、活性炭投加量、活性炭粒径、溶液pH值等因素对对苯酚去除率的影响,最终确定当酚含量和活性炭中的活性炭量为1:1000时,吸附在900分钟内达到吸附平衡。用200目活性炭在最佳苯酚初始浓度、溶液pH为弱酸性的条件下,静态吸附900 min,于502 nm波长处测定,苯酚的去除率达到97.13%。     

载银活性炭的载银量分析

采用灼烧法预处理，银量法滴定来测定载银活性炭的载银量，获得稳定而准确的分析结果。结果表明，制备载银活性炭时所加入的银并未全部吸附在活性炭上；吸附性能高的活性炭能制得高载银量的载银活性炭。     

《活性炭及其工业应用》(德文)

本书1980年出版,共分十二章。每章内容如下:一、活性炭的发展史;二、活性炭的结构与化学性质;三、活性炭的吸附作用;四、活性炭的制造(包括原料、活化方法);五、测定活性炭性质的方     

活性炭在饮用水处理中的应用(二)

3　活性炭的选择在给水处理中使用的活性炭 ,必须经过认真的选择 ,因为活性炭品种较多 ,性能不一 ,用途各异 ,价格昂贵 ,而所处理水质各不相同 ,所以用于给水的活性炭 ,必须进行认真的选择 ,首先选择的活性炭应具有较好的吸附性能 ,再生后性能恢复较好。化学稳定性好 ,机械性能好 ,其次要考虑价格适中 ,来源方便。最后要对活性炭进行吸附容量测定、吸附等温线测定、柱子试验以及再生试验等。3.1收集完整的活性炭性能技术指标用于给水处理的活性炭 ,必须从活性炭生产厂商处取得完整的经法定检测单位检测的技术性能参数报告或说明书 ,作为选择…     

活性炭硫容量的快速测定

有的尿素装置是用活性炭脱除原料气CO2中的微量硫，活性炭质量的好坏直接影响尿素的生产和产品质量。为了把好活性炭的进厂质量关，就需测定活性炭的主要性能指标硫容量，可采用GB／T7702．14－1997标准测定硫容量，但该标准很不实用，一是装置复杂；二是需要的溶液多；三是分析强度大，时间长，为此，我们根据国家标准的分析原理，提出了简易快速测定活性炭硫容量的方法，经过与国家标准对照和实际运用，认为该方法准确可靠，值得推广。     

Oxidation inhibition effects of phosphorus and boron in different carbon fabrics

To improve oxidation inhibition, elemental boron and two phosphorus compounds were doped into an activated carbon cloth and a carbon felt. The hypothesis was that P can block active sites by virtue of the formation of C-P-O or C-O-P bonds at graphene edges while substitutional B can alter the chemical reactivity of the residual free active sites by reducing the electron density in the graphene layer. To increase the final dopant concentration, the carbon felt was activated in nitric acid. The crystallinity of activated carbon cloth was improved by heat treatment and substitutional B; that of carbon felt was also improved, but not necessarily due to substitutional B. In all cases the oxidation reactivity is suppressed by heat treatment and in the presence of dopants. The oxidation inhibition mechanism in P-doped samples appears to be active sites blockage because of a proportional increase of oxidation inhibition with increasing P loading. The results for B-doped samples are consistent with our previous studies in which B was found to exhibit both a catalytic and an inhibiting effect on carbon oxidation. Samples doped with both P and B showed the most effective oxidation inhibition and their oxidation behavior is described in detail.     

Enhanced electrocatalytic activity due to additional phosphorous doping in nitrogen and sulfur-doped graphene: A comprehensive study

Effect on oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of ternary-doped reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as an electrocatalyst is evaluated by employing thiourea as a single source of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S), and triphenylphosphine for phosphorous (P) as precursors for heteroatom doping. The topographical studies show that by doping the RGO, disruption in surface charge and spin asymmetry is introduced into the carbon matrix due to the difference in the bond length and electronegativity between carbon and heteroatoms, which makes carbon lattice ORR active. Ternary (N, S and P)-doped RGO shows excellent ORR activity, which is ∼2 times better than that of binary (N and S)-doped RGO, and ∼5 times better than that of single (P)-doped RGO. The catalytic activity of the ternary-doped carbon even exceeds the commercial Pt in alkaline medium. Additional P doping causes remarkable synergistic effect on binary N and S-doped RGO by generating active P–N species, improving graphitic order and increasing surface area as well as mesopore volume, which in turn enhances the ORR activity.     

Inhibition of catalytic oxidation of carbon/carbon composites by phosphorus

The inhibition effectiveness of thermally deposited phosphorus (P) compounds on the carbon oxidation catalyzed by potassium or calcium acetate has been investigated. The P deposit was formed by impregnating carbon/carbon composite samples with methanol solution of methyl-phosphoric acid or phosphorus oxychloride and heating at ca. 600 °C. An amorphous layer formed by a relatively large amount of P deposit functioned as a barrier for the access of the catalyst to the carbon surface even though it had almost no barrier effect for O₂ access. The catalytic effect of calcium was almost completely suppressed by such deposit, but the effect of potassium was only partially suppressed due to the superior wetting ability and mobility of potassium species. Small amounts of P deposit showed similar inhibition effects on non-catalyzed oxidation, while their effects on catalytic oxidation were not as good. Characterization of P-deposited carbon samples by XPS, XRD, SEM and TPD, as well as ab initio MO calculations, suggested that the inhibition effect mainly resulted from the formation of oxygen-containing P groups which may include metaphosphates, C-O-PO₃ groups and C-PO₃ groups. Those groups are suggested to act as a physical barrier against carbon/catalyst interfacial contact as well as to block the active carbon sites. The presence of bridge oxygen bonded to a carbon site and a P group appears to be a critical factor for maintaining the inhibition effect. Indeed, the loss of such oxygen or connecting bond seems to result in loss of inhibition.     

Enhanced electro-oxidation resistance of carbon electrodes induced by phosphorus surface groups

The electro-oxidation of carbon materials enormously degrades their performance and limits their wider utilization in multiple electrochemical applications. In this work, the positive influence of phosphorus functionalities on the overall electrochemical stability of carbon materials has been demonstrated under different conditions. We show that the extent and selectivity of electroxidation in P-containing carbons are completely different to those observed in conventional carbons without P. The electro-oxidation of P-containing carbons involves the active participation of phosphorus surface groups, which are gradually transformed at high potentials from less-to more-oxidized species to slow down the introduction of oxygen groups on the carbon surface (oxidation) and the subsequent generation of (C*OOH)-like unstable promoters of electro-gasification. The highest-oxidized P groups (–C–O–P-like species) seem to distribute the gained oxygen to neighboring carbon sites, which finally suffer oxidation and/or gasification. So it is thought that P-groups could act as mediators of carbon oxidation although including various steps and intermediates compared to electroxidation in P-free materials.     

煤基炭素活性材料的研究进展

对煤基活性炭，煤基活性炭纤维，煤基纳米结构材料等煤基活性炭素材料在制备方面的进展进行了评述，在此基础上提出了煤基超级活性炭，煤沥青基活性炭纤维和煤基纳米结构材料是开发煤基高附加值产品，拓展煤层甲烷和煤气化产品中烃组分新用途的有潜力的方向。     

活性炭吸附含MDA及苯胺盐水的研究

MDA缩合工段生产的废盐水中含有少量的胺类有机物,主要是苯胺、MDA等。废盐水中NaCl、NaOH浓度高,一般的处理方法难以实现。采用活性炭法处理含胺废盐水,对影响活性炭吸附的因素进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,对于吸附效果好且预处理容易的大颗粒活性炭进行脱附很困难,不现实,不经济,大颗粒活性炭在MDA浓度为1×10-6时,吸附达到平衡,不再吸附MDA,吸附后的活性炭难以回收利用。     

活性炭对含铬废水的吸附处理研究

研究了活性炭吸附处理实验室模拟含铬废水。实验结果表明,当活性炭用量为1 g,废水pH=4~5,吸附接触时间大于1 h,活性炭与铬含量比值大于5 mg Cr6+/g活性炭时,处理效果可达99%以上;吸附符合Freund lich等温模式,吸附等温方程式为logq=0.7780+0.9716 logc,以物理吸附为主;吸附穿透体积为25 mL,活性炭吸附Cr6+的工作吸附容量为14.59 mg Cr6+/g活性炭,工作饱和吸附容量为803.41 mg Cr6+/g活性炭。     

硫酸铁改性活性炭催化微波降解甲基对硫磷

在硫酸铁改性活性炭存在下,微波照射能使溶液中的甲基对硫磷迅速降解。对25、100mg／L的甲基对硫磷溶液,改性活性炭0．4g／L,微波照射3．0min,降解率达77．18％。适当提高改性活性炭加入量,同样照射时间即可达96．90％。而采用未改性活性炭甲基对硫磷降解率为93．20％。结果表明,微波照射下改性活性炭的催化活性明显高于未改性活性炭。另外,采用紫外．可见光谱和离子色谱技术探讨了微波照射时间、甲基对硫磷初始浓度和酸度、活性炭用量、改性液硫酸铁浓度和酸度对改性活性炭催化微波降解甲基对硫磷的影响。     

NaCl adsorption in multi-walled carbon nanotube/active carbon combination electrode

In this paper, we proposed a new process for fabricating electrochemical double layer capacitors employing active carbon and multi-walled carbon nanotubes to adsorb Na⁺ and Cl^- from NaCl solution. Due to their unique mesoporosity, active carbons have high ability to desalt NaCl solution. But they have many defects such as high electrical resistance, high-energy consumption and low intensity. Since carbon nanotube is a new material which has high intensity and low resistance, we can composite the merits of active carbon and carbon nanotube and develop carbon nanotube/active carbon materials combination electrode. It was tested that when carbon nanotube content in carbon materials is 10%, the characteristics of combination electrode is the best for us to desalt brackish water because of their high desalination characterization and low energy consumption. Though there are a few technical problems to be solved, our results show a promising technique for desalting salt water.     

活性炭对苯酚废水的处理

在静态条件下,研究了活性炭对苯酚废水的处理．比较了不同条件下活性炭对苯酚废水的处理效果,确定了处理废水的振荡时间、活性炭用量、废水pH值、温度、废水中苯酚浓度对处理结果的影响。实验结果表明,活性炭在振荡时间3．5h、用量4．0g、温度30℃、pH值为3．6左右的条件下,对100 mL质量浓度为50mg/L的苯酚废水的吸附效果最好。进行了活性炭处理不同浓度废水的比较实验,结果表明,活性炭处理各种浓度苯酚废水的去除率都很高,适用于对出水要求较高的水处理工艺。