Some assumptions are more troubling than others: Rejoinder to Chemers and Fiedler.

Defends the assumptions made in the study by the present authors (see record 1987-12114-001) that conducted a computer simulation to compare F. E. Fiedler's (1964) contingency model of leadership with the Leader Match training program and tests the additional assumptions suggested by M. M. Chemers and F. E. Fiedler (see record 1987-12110-001). It is suggested that the computer simulation conservatively underestimated rather than overestimated the problems in Leader Match. (4 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Computers: Large-scale usage in the balance.

Discusses the various and most recent uses of large-scale computer systems (i.e., those with high-speed core memories of 1-4 million bytes). Issues related to time-sharing, types of large system configurations (e.g., the Advanced Research Projects Agency network), specific applications to psychology of these computer systems (e.g., for statistical analysis, simulation, and instruction), and possible future uses (e.g., speech-understanding systems and simulation languages and systems) are outlined. (21 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Male-female differences: A computer simulation.

Agrees with A. H. Eagly's (see record 1995-21141-001) contention that the use of easily understood metrics (binomial effects size display and the common language effect) are not entirely sufficient at showing a significant sex effect. The authors recommend the use of computer simulations as a tool for assessing the impact of sex differences. Results of a computer simulation regarding the effects of pyramid structure and initial performance ratings on limitations of the upward mobility of women in the workplace confirm Eagly's point that the effects of male–female differences are best determined not only by the magnitude of the effect but its consequences in natural settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to Penrod and Hastie.

Reports an error in the original article by Penrod and Hastie (Psychological Review. Vol 87(2) Mar 1980, 133-159). On Page 142, two equations in the left-hand column were presented incorrectly. The corrected equations are presented here. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1980-20924-001.) A computer simulation of jury decision making is described and evaluated in terms of its ability to account for findings in 2 empirical studies. The computer model is based on elementary assumptions about the effects of relative jury faction sizes and variability in juror resistance to persuasion. The model is used to simulate decision making in empirical studies based on a murder case and a rape case. In the simulation of the 1st study, the model's performance is compared to empirical results from 6- and 12-member juries using unanimous and nonunanimous decision rules. Criteria to evaluate the model's performance are distributions of verdicts, deliberation times, rates of juror vote changing, and reversals of 1st-ballot majorities. The evaluation results support the theory underlying the model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A computer simulation of jury decision making.

A computer simulation of jury decision making is described and evaluated in terms of its ability to account for findings in 2 empirical studies. The computer model is based on elementary assumptions about the effects of relative jury faction sizes and variability in juror resistance to persuasion. The model is used to simulate decision making in empirical studies based on a murder case and a rape case. In the simulation of the 1st study, the model's performance is compared to empirical results from 6- and 12-member juries using unanimous and nonunanimous decision rules. Criteria to evaluate the model's performance are distributions of verdicts, deliberation times, rates of juror vote changing, and reversals of 1st-ballot majorities. The evaluation results support the theory underlying the model. (61 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

重轨端部淬火温度场与相变的计算机模拟

运用有限元法对U71Mn钢(%:0.65～0.76C、0.15～0.35Si、1.10～1.40Mn、≤0.030V、≤0.025Ti)重轨端部电磁感应加热55 s,空冷8 s,喷风冷却42 s,空冷至常温的热处理过程进行了计算机模拟分析,计算机图形学理论动态显示轨端内部任意时刻的温度分布、组织分布。模拟结果表明,在该冷却条件下淬火后端部横断面组织为细片状珠光体(索氏体+托氏体),无马氏体、贝氏体等组织,与实验结果相吻合。     

基于复合材料理论的土壤——根系力学研究

从微观的角度研究了根系——土壤复合体的宏观力学性质,并通过计算机模拟试验,研究了土壤和根系——土壤复合体的应变。结果表明,生态防护对加固土壤、保护边坡体有可支持的力学依据,能够有效的提高土壤的力学性质。     

Is the selection of statistical methods governed by level of measurement?

Discusses the idea that nonparametric methods are required as a replacement of parametric statistical methods when the scale of measurement in a research study does not achieve a certain level, in light of recent developments in representational measurement theory. An approach to examining the problem via computer simulation is introduced. Beliefs that have been widely held by psychologists for several decades were examined by means of a computer simulation study that mimicked measurement of an underlying empirical structure. There is no need to replace parametric statistical tests by nonparametric methods when the scale of measurement is ordinal and not interval. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

变形金属再结晶过程计算机模拟

通过有限元方法和计算机模拟技术可有效模拟金属热加工和变形金属退火时的再结晶过程，计算金属组织演化和预报材料性能。介绍了目前再结晶计算机模拟的方法和模型-Monte Carlo(MC)法，Cellular Automation(CA)法，纯几何模型模拟，分组模型模拟和杂化模型模拟，重点分析了MC模拟法在均质和非均质形核，二相粒子对再结晶的影响，动态再结晶等方面的研究进展。指出用MC法模拟存在的问题，应用有限元法计算基本变形储存能和织构；建立含速率的再结晶形核和生长模型及耦合温度场模型的研究途径。     

Equity theory and career pay: A computer simulation approach.

Used computer simulation to convert E. Jaques's 1961 theory of equitable payment into the composites model utilized by the M. Haire et al's (see record 1967-14292-001) study of career pay. Salaries of 100 Ss were stochastically allocated for 25 time periods. A Markovian process model produced a set of pay parameters that more closely replicated past empirical findings than the parameters produced by an independent process model. Distributing pay increases according to differentially developing work capacity curves yielded pay increases distributed at random with respect to past salaries. Thus, Jaques's theory of equitable payment provides one explanation for the empirical findings generated by previous studies of career pay curves. (22 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Development and Study of Conditions for Rolling Brass Sheets with Turning Providing Rolled Product Improved Quality

Metallurgist - The effect of turning brass sheets before the second pass on unevenness of deformation and alloy grain shape and size is investigated. Results of computer simulation and rolling in a...     

Determination of the Geometry of Ingots with Minimal Development of Defects in the Axial Zone and Their Application for the Production of Round Bars with Diameters Greater Than 300 MM

Metallurgist - On the basis of the data of computer simulation, we perform the analysis of the influence of the geometry of ingots and the procedure of their thermal insulation on the specific...     

Simulation of the compaction dynamics of Cu + Al2O3 powder mixture under impulse hot pressing

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics - The compaction dynamics of Cu + Al2O3 powder mixture under impulse hot pressing is simulated using a third-order dynamic system. The computer simulation has...     

计算机仿真在粉末冶金过程的应用及研究进展

随着综合性能优秀、形状复杂的粉末冶金零部件的量产化,为了更大程度的降低成本、提高质量、缩短开发周期,计算机仿真技术在粉末冶金领域的应用越来越广泛.本文介绍了目前在粉末冶金领域应用较多的几种仿真软件Abaqus、Deform、Ansys、Comsol、MSC.Marc,列举了几种软件的实际应用,比较了几种仿真软件的优缺点...     

Fuzzy Controller for Seismically Excited Nonlinear Buildings

This paper focuses on the benchmark control problems for seismically excited nonlinear buildings. The benchmark study focuses on three typical steel structures, 3-, 9-, and 20-story buildings designed for the SAC project for the Los Angeles region. This paper reports the application of the active control scheme on the 3- and 20-story benchmark buildings, where the control action is achieved by a fuzzy logic controller. The main advantage of the fuzzy controller is its inherent robustness and ability to handle any nonlinear behavior of the structure. The performance of the controller is validated through the computer simulation on MATLAB. The control scheme satisfies the control constraints and is presented according to the evaluation criteria provided with the benchmark problems for comparison with other schemes. Four different earthquakes (El Centro 1940, Hachinohe 1968, Northridge 1994, and Kobe 1995) will be used in the simulation.     

Grain boundary misorientation spectra (GBMS) determined by real ODF in F.C.C.-materials susceptible to annealing twinning

Four grain boundary misorientation spectra (GBMS) corresponding to four possible types of correlation in orientation of adjacent grains have been calculated by means of computer simulation using orientation distribution function (ODF). The modelling was performed for two states of Ni-20%Cr alloy (annealing at 993 and 1273 K, respectively) and for two austenitic steels—AISI 304 and 316L. The investigated materials had various ODFs, but their computed GBMB are similar. These results are in an agreement with conclusions of previous experimental and computer simulation studies of the GBMS in materials susceptible to annealing twinning.     

A retrieval model for both recognition and recall.

Extended the search of associative memory model for recall proposed by J. G. Raaijmakers and R. M. Shiffrin (see record 1981-20491-001) by assuming that a familiarity process is used for recognition. The recall model posits cue-dependent probabilistic sampling and recovery from an associative network. The present recognition model is closely related to the recall model because the total episodic activation due to the context and item cues is used in recall as a basis for sampling and in recognition to make a decision. The model, formalized in a computer simulation program, correctly predicts a number of findings in the literature as well as the results from an experiment on the word-frequency effect in which 80 undergraduates participated. (3? p ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

计算机在轧钢中的应用

介绍了计算机模拟与优化、计算机集成制造、计算机辅助孔型设计、以及轧制过程中孔件质量监控等技术在轧钢中的应用状况。     

Affiliation structures in groups of young children: A computer simulation.

A computer program is described that simulates the emergence of affiliation networks in preschool groups and examines theoretical issues raised by the model, including general issues of validation. The simulation implies that triadic interactions, although observed in preschool groups, are not essential in the formation of affiliative structures (contra F. Strayer and J. Noel, 1986) and that, in this age range, therefore, polyadic friendship groupings can be understood as sets of dyadic relationships. The model also demonstrates how group structures can be generated without reference to group-level processes (contrast W. Hartup, 1983). It also focuses attention on the role played by preference formation in social isolation, by demonstrating that inhibition of preferences can give rise to isolation. The model also suggests that social outcomes are best described by nonlinear functions (cf. W. Roberts; see record 1987-03785-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)