分形理论在金相学中的应用

简要介绍了分形理论的基本概念,论述了分形理论在珠光体球化、钢中夹杂物、钢的晶粒度和碳化物形态等金相学上的若干应用。     

利用关联维数分析机械系统故障信号

根据机械系统运行中测量到的信号的处理，进行系统特征识别。针对非线性系统的特点，区别于以往对线性系统使用的时域，频域定性分析法，用分形维数定量刻画机械系统运行状态。使用分形维数中能直接反映转子系统运行特点的关联维数来获得转子运行故障以及故障发展程度的定量描述。本文采用的高效关联维数算法，提高了计算速度和描述转子系统故障的精度。     

晶粒度的分形特征研究

测量了标准图谱中铁素体晶粒度图形有分形维数。考察了晶粒度与分维之间的关系。结果表明,金属晶粒可用分形维数定量描述。在１～８级晶粒度内,随着晶粒度级别的提高,分维数值逐渐增大,其中以１～５级内增大得最为显著。     

15CrMo钢的高温时效性能的变化规律及计算模型

根据现有标准DL/T 787-2001提供的数据分析了随温度和球化等级的改变,15CrMo钢的碳化物相中钼元素含量、抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率、断面收缩率以及硬度的变化规律,同时建立了相关计算模型,并且预测出球化等级为1.5,2.5,3.5和4.5级所对应的性能参数值.此外还分别给出了依据常温抗拉强度、屈服强度、布氏硬...     

基于区域分形的热镀锌板腐蚀形貌研究

发生腐蚀的热镀锌板表面形貌具有分形特征,不同分形维数可以反映其不同的腐蚀程度.针对热镀锌板非均匀腐蚀界面提出了区域分形的概念,给出了区域分形维数的计算方法,对三种典型腐蚀程度的热镀锌板腐蚀形貌进行区域分形分析,并将区域分形维数数值与整体分形维数数值进行了比较.结果表明,上述方法可以较好地描述不同腐蚀程度下热镀锌板腐蚀界面的非均匀形貌特征.     

微孔聚丙烯的分形特征

泡孔结构具有分形特征,可以用分形维数来描述其形态复杂性。文中应用MATLAB编写的数盒子算法,计算了应用超临界二氧化碳作为发泡剂间歇发泡制备的微孔聚丙烯的盒维数,并讨论了二值化阈值对分形维数的影响。结果表明,聚丙烯微孔结构具有典型的分形特征,分形维数与微孔聚丙烯的泡孔密度有关,在一定阈值下,分形维数随着泡孔密度的增加而增加。分形维数是发泡聚丙烯微孔结构的几何特性之一,体现了聚丙烯在特定条件下的发泡能力。     

分形理论在定向凝固固—液界面中的应用

本文叙述了分形理论中镍基高温合金定向凝固固－液界面研究中的应用。从分形的基本理论出发，论证了定向凝固固－液界面是一种不规则的分形结构，并用分形维数的新方法定量地描述了固－液界面和生长形态，给出了界面分形维数与凝固速率之间的关系。发现随着凝固速率的增加，固－液界面的分形维数呈指数规律增加，而且，从热力学角度对分形维数不仅仅是单纯描述不规则图形的几何参量，而是对一个依赖于凝固参数而变化的态函数做了较为     

PAM、PNaA和P(AM-NaA)水凝胶微观形态的分形研究

用辐射聚合方法合成的丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸钠的均聚物及其共聚物水凝胶，借助于扫描电子显微镜技术观察了组成不同的干态水凝胶聚合物的微观形态特征，探讨了不均匀的微观交联网络的分形特性，用分形维数对水凝胶聚合物的微观网络的致密程度进行了量化表征。结果表明，分形维数能够从整体上定量地表征水凝胶聚合物的不均匀微观网络之间随组成改变而产生的细微差异，而且，样品的微观网络愈致密则其分形维数值愈大。     

分形理论在聚合物共混物界面研究中的应用

聚合物界面奶难加以定量描述,采用一种图形变换的方法可以将界面复杂状态转换成几何特征加以描述,文中基于分形理论及ｎ维分形布朗运动,提出用分形数来描述聚合物界面的状态。     

分形理论在定向凝固固－液界面研究中的应用

本文叙述了分形理论中镍基高温合金定向凝固固－液界面研究中的应用。从分形的基本理论出发，论证了定向凝固固－液界面是一种不规则的分形结构，并用分形维数的新方法定量地描述了固－液界面的生长形态，给出了界面分形维数与凝固速率之间的关系。发现随着凝固速率的增加，固－液界面的分形维数呈指数规律增加。而且，从热力学角度对分形维数不仅仅是单纯描述不规则图形的几何参量，而是对一个依赖于凝固参数而变化的态函数做了较为深入的讨论。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.