水闸安全类别划分影响因素及工程质量分级优化方法

针对水闸安全鉴定过程中存在的实际问题,通过解读《水闸安全评价导则》（SL 214—2015）中的相关规定,分析水闸工程安全检测质量、水闸主要功能变化与政策导向三个主要因素对水闸安全类别划分的影响,指出水闸安全类别划分存在的局限性和模糊性。考虑到水闸安全类别划分过程中存在专家主观性强、权重无固定标准和定性要素多等问题,基于模糊综合评价法和层次分析法,对水闸工程安全检测质量分级方法进行优化,根据确定的安全类别划分体系构建了模糊综合评价模型,实现了水闸安全检测质量指标的量化,为水闸安全类别划分及其正常运行管理提供决策依据。     

模糊评价在水闸工程管理考核中的应用

针对目前水闸工程管理考核评价中存在的问题，研究了水闸工程管理的模糊评价方法。在确定评价指标、权重分配的基础上，构建了2层模糊评价模型，利用专家定性评价结果计算各项2级指标的隶属度，采用模糊运算，依据最大隶属度原则确定评价结果。实例计算表明，水闸工程管理模糊评价得出的结果合理。因此，构建的水闸工程管理模糊评价模型是正确的。     

基于模糊逻辑的水闸防洪调度决策

以三汉河道水闸防洪调度模糊决策为例，设计了水闸防洪调度模糊系统．结果表明，基于模糊逻辑的水闸防洪调度决策方法，具有决策响应速度快、可以利用调度经验知识、适应非结构化等优点．     

基于模糊综合评价的灌区水闸工程造价控制研究

本研究对东风渠灌区续建配套节水改造牧马山干渠整治项目水闸工程造价控制水平进行研究,利用专家咨询、文献查阅、现场调研等方式确定评价指标体系,利用熵权确定客观权重,专家咨询法确定主观权重,将主客观权重进行加权,利用模糊综合评价方法确定牧马山干渠整治项目水闸工程造价控制水平.结果表明:该项目水闸工程造价控制水平18.72％为优,45.62％为良,28.30％为及格,7.36％为不及格.依据最大隶属度对该灌区水闸工程造价控制进行评价,造价控制水平为良.     

基于多层次多目标模糊综合评估法的水闸安全评价研究

本文基于水闸安全问题,提出采用多层次多目标模糊综合评估法的水闸安全评价方法,通过对比多种评价方法论述了其可行性,介绍了多层级的模糊综合评估模型,建立了适合水闸的评估指标体系及评语集,进行安全评价。结果表明:基于多层次多目标模糊综合评价法适合于水闸的安全评估。     

基于定量化指标体系的水闸安全综合评价方法研究

结合大量水闸调研资料,研究影响水闸安全的主要因素,构建一套全面、可量化的水闸安全评价指标体系,并在此基础上建立水闸安全综合评价方法。利用此评价方法对宁车沽防潮闸、蓟运河防潮闸、海河二道闸和九丈窝分洪闸进行安全评价,评价结果与基于传统专家经验法的鉴定结论相吻合,有效地指导了水闸安全鉴定工作,为上级部门提供了科学合理的决策依据。     

基于FMECA新河港水闸安全评价研究

水闸安全评价是一个复杂的过程,采用FMEA法对新河港水闸进行分析,影响新河港水闸安全的故障模式有8种。结合模糊综合法和FMECA法确定新河港水闸安全等级为Ⅱ级,与现场鉴定结果一致。研究结果表明,FEMCA方法在水闸安全鉴定中的应用结果较为可靠,可为水闸安全鉴定提供一种新方法。     

基于熵权法与模糊综合分析法的病险水闸风险评价

通过建立病险水闸的风险评判指标体系,运用熵权法和模糊综合分析法评估水闸的风险等级。以某地区26座病险水闸的现场调查分析、现场安全检测和工程复核计算分析报告等资料为基础,计算病险水闸评判指标体系的重要度,并结合熵权得出各评价指标的综合权重,构建隶属函数进行单因素评判,通过模糊加权法综合评估大岑寨闸的风险等级。结果表明,该水闸风险等级为高风险。该评价方法可对区域内一批病险水闸按风险值高低进行科学规划,进而分批实施病险水闸的除险加固。     

灌区水工建筑物老化评价方法及其比较研究

通过简要介绍现有用于评价灌区水工建筑物老化程度的方法,对某些方法中存在的不足进行了算法改进,并提出了新的基于评价实例的人工神经网络和模糊贴近度法。以某水闸的老化评价为例,对各种评价方法进行了综合分析比较。     

水闸工程安全性综合评价

本文针对水闸安全性评价存在的专家主观性强、权重无固定标准和定性要素多等问题,将信息熵理论和参数重要性分值相耦合提出改进的AHP法,各项评价因子的隶属度函数利用中间型柯西分布法构造,并对辽宁省某水闸工程的安全状况运用模糊综合法进行评价。结果表明:模糊综合法可以准确反映水闸工程的安全运行状态,该方法具有简单易行、可操作性强及结果可靠等优点。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。