柴油—甲醇—水复合浮化燃料的试验研究

本文介绍了一种适合于柴油－甲醇－水复合乳化的新型乳化剂的制取方法,分析了该种乳化剂的乳化机理,探讨了用CR－2型乳化装置配制柴油－甲醇-水复合乳液的工艺,并在柴油机台架上进行了试验研究。     

柴油—甲醇—水复合乳化燃料的试验研究

本文介绍了一种适合于柴油 -甲醇 -水复合乳化的新型乳化剂的制取方法 ,分析了该种乳化剂的乳化机理 ,探讨了用CR - 2型乳化装置配制柴油 -甲醇 -水复合乳液的工艺 ,并在柴油机台架上进行了试验研究。     

柴油-甲醇-水复合乳化燃料的试验研究

本文介绍了一种适合于柴油-甲醇-水复合乳化的新型乳化剂的制取方法,分析了该种乳化剂的乳化机理,探讨了用CR-2型乳化装置配制柴油-甲醇-水复合乳液的工艺,并在柴油机台架上进行了试验研究.     

柴油机燃用柴油—甲醇—水复合乳化燃料的研究

本观察了３２例非何杰金淋巴瘤（ＮＨＬ）患红细胞铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＲＢＣ·Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ·ＳＯＤ），血清脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）和维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）值的变化，结果表明ＮＨＬ患ＲＢＣ·Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ·ＳＯＤ活力和ＶＥ水平明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５及Ｐ＜０．０１），ＬＰＯ值明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。对其中１３例患进行动态观察，除合并白血病的２例治疗无效外，其余１１例治疗后均获缓解，其ＲＢＣ·Ｃｕ·Ｚｎ·ＳＯＤ     

柴油机燃用柴油－甲醇－水复合乳化燃料的研究

本文介绍柴油机燃用柴油－甲醇－水复合乳化燃料的研究。采用自行研制的复合型乳化剂、使用机械搅拌分步乳化法和超声乳化法配制了多种配比的复合乳化燃料。通过台架试验得出了复合乳化燃料的最佳配比，分析了燃用不同配比的复合乳化燃料对柴油机的经济性、动力性、燃烧过程和排放特性的影响；使用全气缸取样系统研究了柴油机燃用不同燃料时缸内微粒生成历程。试验表明，燃用复合乳化燃料时缸内微粒生成量大幅度减少，下降值最大可达４０．７％，首次以实验手段揭示了柴油机燃用乳化燃料时烟度降低的关键原因。试验也表明，这种复合乳化燃料具有乳化剂用量少、稳定性好的特点；ＺＨ１９０Ｗ型柴油机燃用Ｄ８５Ｍ７．５Ｗ７．５复合乳化燃料时获得了满意的性能．     

柴油-甲醇乳化燃料乳化剂的最佳HLB值及水含量的影响

柴油机中掺烧醇的最大难点之一在于难以获得价廉、稳定的柴油-甲醇乳化燃料。作者研究了柴油-甲醇乳化燃料乳化剂的最佳HLB值以及不同含水量对最佳HLB值的影响。研究结果表明：柴油-甲醇乳化燃料乳化剂的最佳HLB值在3．5左右，当柴油甲醇乳化燃料中含水形成了甲醇-水-柴油三元乳化燃料时，其最佳HLB值与柴油-水的最佳HLB值相同，且三元乳化燃料乳化剂的最佳HLB值不随含水量的增加而变化，但随着含水量增加，乳化燃料分层时间会产生变化；在柴油-甲醇-水乳化液中，当水在甲醇-水混合液中的比例为40％左右时，甲醇-水-柴油三元乳化燃料(柴油：甲醇 水=8：1)的分层时问最长，即在柴油-甲醇乳化燃料中加水有利于提高乳化燃料的稳定性。     

柴油／甲醇／水三元乳化燃料在柴油机上使用影响节油率因素的研究

本文在柴油机上使用各种配比的三元乳经燃料进行了台     

柴油—甲醇—水复合乳化燃料喷雾特性的研究

本文介绍了柴油－甲醇－水复合乳化燃料的喷雾特性的研究，作者采用4f 十字光路激光全息法，在一台缸径为100mm，冲程为120毫米，加长活塞直喷式单缸试验机上[研究了不同配比复合乳化燃料的喷雾发展过程和燃烧室内空气运动对喷雾发展的影响，以及它的喷雾油滚粒度大小及其分布特性，该荐研究为进一步研究柴油机燃用这种新型乳化燃料的燃烧特性和合理组织燃烧过程提供了依据。     

机械搅拌制备柴油-甲醇-水乳化燃料的研究

探讨了用机械搅拌法制备柴油－甲醇－水复合乳化燃料的机理，认为乳化过程是在强制对流作用下的强制混合过程，是主体对流扩散和涡流扩散两种扩散机理综合作用的结果，但混合速度取决于涡流扩散的速度。对采用SG－2乳化剂在机械搅拌乳化装置上配置柴油－甲醇－水复合乳化液的工艺进行了试验研究，结果表明，搅拌槽的挡板，搅拌器的叶轮转速，搅拌时间，乳化剂含量和甲醇中的含水量等参数对乳化液的稳定性有重要的影响。     

柴油机新型含氧燃料研究现状及进展

柴油机含氧燃料作为柴油的替代品和添加剂,可有效减少机动车尾气排放,缓解对石化燃料的依赖。因此,开发柴油机新型含氧燃料有着环保和节能的双重意义,是近年来研究热点。综述了国内外液态醚类燃料、醚酯类燃料、生物柴油等新型含氧燃料及其研究进展,介绍了它们的排放性能。     

LPG/柴油双燃料发动机经济性的试验研究

针对LPG/柴油机双燃料发动机的经济性进行了研究。随掺比的增加,当量比油耗先降后升,最低当量比油耗在20%~40%的掺比范围内取得;随着掺比的增加,排气温度降低,过量空气系数和充气效率减小。     

植物油及其衍生物在柴油机上的应用

评述了植物油及其衍生物在柴油机上应用的前景和可行性,讨论了目前纯植物油、生物柴油和它们的混合物在柴油机上使用的最新研究成果。比较了植物油及其衍生物和传统柴油的性质以及柴油机燃用这些燃料时的性能和排放特性。     

Study on rapeseed oil as alternative fuel for a single-cylinder diesel engine

This study was undertaken to provide knowledge necessary for raising the thermal efficiency of mixed oil composed of rapeseed oil and conventional diesel oil and for improving the performance of an engine fuelled by the mixture. The experimental results obtained showed that a mixing ratio of 30% rapeseed oil and 70% diesel oil was practically optimal in ensuring relatively high thermal efficiency of engine as well as homogeneity and stability of the oil mixture. Method of quadratic regressive orthogonal design test method was adopted in experiment designed to examine the dependence of specific fuel consumption on four adjustable working parameters when the above –mentioned oil mixture was used. These parameters were: intake-valve-closing angle (α), exhaust-valve-opening angle (β), fuel-delivering angle (θ) and injection pressure (P, in 10⁴ Pa). Relationship between these parameters and specific fuel consumption was analyzed under two typical operating conditions and mathematical equations characterizing the relationship were formulated. The equation of specific fuel consumption derived from the regressive test under each operating condition was set as the objective function and the ranges for the four adjustable working parameters were the given constraint condition. Models of non-linear programming were then constructed. Computer aided optimization of the working parameters for 30:70 rapeseed oil/diesel oil mixed fuel was achieved. It was concluded that the predominant factor affecting the specific fuel consumption was fuel-delivering angle θ, the approximate optimal value of which, in this specific case, was 2–3 degrees in advance of that for engine fuelled by pure diesel oil. The experimental results also provided useful reference material for selection of the most preferable combination of working parameters.     

Study on GDC-LSGM composite electrolytes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

The electrolyte materials Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_1.9 (GDC) and La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_2.85 (LSGM) were synthesized by means of glycine-nitrate processes, respectively, then GDC-LSGM composite electrolytes were prepared by mixing GDC and LSGM. The GDC and LSGM powders were mixed in the weight ratio of 95:5, 90:10 and 85:15 and named as GL9505, GL9010 and GL8515. Their structures and ionic conductivities were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and AC impedance spectroscopy. The grain sizes of GDC-LSGM composites could be increased distinctly and the grain boundary resistance could be significantly decreased by small addition of LSGM. The experimental results show that the GDC-LSGM composites exhibit excellent ionic conductivity and could significantly enhance the fuel cell performances. The open circuit voltages are higher in the cell with composite electrolytes than in the cell with single GDC as electrolyte at the working temperature. Among these electrolytes, GL9505 has the highest ionic conductivity and the maximum power density.     

Improvement of Emissions and Burning Limits in Burner Combustion using an Injector on the Concept of Fuel-Water Internally Rapid Mixing

This study tried to apply biomass fuel to clean burner combustion under high load conditions by water addition. A newly developed injector mixes fuel rapidly with water inside of the injector with support of atomizing air. The mixture composed of three-fluid is injected as spray into a flame stabilizer of burner. Investigation of emission performance of this injector shows that the internally rapid mixing type of injector is hopeful technique to introduce water into burner combustion. Combustion by this injector emits exceedingly less particulate matters at high load. NOx emission is strongly dependent on water flow rate.     

新型多碳醇-柴油燃料对柴油机性能及排放的影响

试验在一台S195柴油机上进行,试验结果表明,新型多碳醇-柴油混合燃料的油耗率比纯柴油高,但随负荷的增大,差距呈下降趋势。新型混合燃料在较大工况范围都保持较低的CO排放量。新型混合燃料中,小比例多碳醇油料的加入有利于混合燃料的HC排放状况的改善,大比例多碳醇油料的加入,对改善混合燃料的HC排放影响不明显;新型混合燃料的NOx排放均比纯柴油低,并且小比例多碳醇-柴油混合燃料的NOx排放比其大比例混合燃料的NOx排放量低;新型混合燃料的碳烟排放均比纯柴油低,并且随着多碳醇掺混比例的增大,改善效果越好。     

壁面催化重整反应对掺水乳化油燃烧影响的数值研究

将壁面催化重整燃烧技术引入乳化油的燃烧中,少量氢的产生能有效克服乳化油着火延迟及功率有所下降的难题,从而能够在直喷式柴油机中得以实际应用。研究结果表明,壁面催化重整反应可以缩短乳化油着火延迟,保证高掺水率下的平稳运行,同时能使NO、碳烟和未燃燃料蒸气均得以下降。     

Review: Enhancement of composite anode materials for low-temperature solid oxide fuels

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology is attractive for its high-energy efficiency and expanded fuel flexibility. It is also more environmentally benign than conventional power generation systems. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to intermediate-to-low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells, which operating at 400–800 °C. Reducing its operating temperature can render SOFC more competitive with other types of fuel cells and portable energy storage system (EES) over a range of applications (eg: transportation, portable, stationary) and more conducive for commercialization. The high-performance composite anode requirements for low operating temperature (400–600 °C) demand microstructural and chemical stability, high electronic conductivity, and good electrochemical performance. The current high-temperature anode, Ni-YSZ (nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia) is generally reported with high interfacial resistance at reduced temperatures. This review highlights several potential composite anode materials (Ni-based and Ni-free) that have been developed for low-temperature SOFCs within the past 10 years. This literature survey shows that most of these anodes still exhibit relatively high polarization resistance. Focus is also given on reducing polarization resistance to maintain the cell power density. In literature, common approaches that have been adopted to enhance the performance of anodes are (i) selecting high-performance electrolyte, (ii) exploiting nanopowder properties, and (iii) adding noble metals as electrocatalysts.     

An experimental investigation on the application potential of heterogeneous catalyzed Nahar biodiesel and its diesel blends as diesel engine fuels

From the inception of commercialization of biodiesel, feedstock scarcity is a major issue to be pondered upon in developing countries. In this study, an attempt has been made to use an abundantly available underutilized high oil content (67% of Nahar seed kernel) feedstock derived biodiesel in a compression ignition engine. The experimental investigation on diesel engine reveals slightly reduced brake thermal efficiency and excellent exhaust emissions up to 40% blending of Nahar biodiesel with conventional diesel fuel. At full load, compared to diesel fuel, the BTE dropped by 1.64% and 1.83%, whereas the BSFC increased by 5.07% and 6.76% for B30 and B40 blends, respectively. The tested emission parameters such as CO, HC, NOx, and smoke were decreased by 12.66%, 17.99%, 8.31%, and 10.61% for B30 and 4.87%, 12.76%, 7.98%, and 11.78% for B40, respectively, compared to diesel fuel.

Abbreviation: BD: Biodiesel; DF: Diesel fuel