能阻止空气侵入的控制气氛炉(日)

申请专利的范围: 为了阻止空气侵入控制气氛炉,在该炉入口处设置加料室以装入被处理物,该加料室用带有加料斗的滑动门封住进料口,用档板门封住出料口。在该炉出口处设置出料室以便取出被处理物,该出料室入口和出口全都由空压罐控制的档板门密封方式,利用档板阻止空气侵入炉内。     

热油炉设计和使用中的几个问题

对热油炉设计中的关键问题，如热油炉的炉型结构如何选择，对流室和辐射室的热负荷如何分配，炉管宜采用串联或并联，如何提高热油炉的热效率，采用什么措施使热油炉变成快装结构等进行论述，并对如何选用热油炉和突然停电如何处理亦作了介绍。     

德国KSB炉水循环泵电机腔室温度高分析与治理

某电厂发电机组锅炉KSB炉水循环泵电机腔室温度异常升高到47.3℃且有继续升高的趋势,结合炉水循环泵的运行参数以及电机的解体情况进行全面的分析,得出导致电机腔室温度异常升高的原因为炉水中的杂质进入到电机腔室内使电机绕组的冷却水量不足,提出在强制循环泵驱动电机的高压冷却管道中加装外置式过滤器的改造方案,改造后电机腔室温度恢复正常。     

间歇式预抽真空气冷式软氮化热处理炉

近年来，氮化炉的需求量日趋增大，为满足客户的需求，日本东方工程公司成功地开发了间歇式预抽真空气冷式软氮化热处理炉，并提出专利申请。概述了间歇式三室贯通型气体软氮化热处理炉的设备构成、特点、性能与实测结果。重点对该软氮化炉真空净化冷却室、待机室、加热室的结构、     

三室真空连续定向结晶炉

为适应我国的发动机叶片的高质量和高速度生产的要求，开发了三室真空定向结晶炉。本文介绍了真空定向结晶炉的结构组成和模组加热室的结构。     

单室真空高压气淬炉的研制与开发

介绍WZDGQ30单室真空高压气淬炉的结构和技术特性，炉门卡环结构、炉胆结构和冷却系统，还较详细地介绍该炉的控制系统。     

工业锅炉燃烬室的实验研究

根据工业锅炉燃烬室的燃烧特点 ,以一台热效率高、环保指标好的 1 .4MW热水锅炉为研究对象 ,利用七孔探针测试了三种不同形状的燃烬室入口和燃烬室内的空气动力场。测试结果表明 :工业锅炉中 ,炉内燃烧室与燃烬室之间的折烟墙的形状对炉内燃料燃烧有较大影响。由实验结果分析得出在炉内形成较好空气动力场的燃烬室和燃烧室之间的折烟墙应由原传统出口水平方式改为倾斜方式 ,倾斜角改为 2 5°～ 32° ,这有利于降低炉内飞灰及飞灰可燃物含量 ,有利于节能与环保。     

用于大批量粉末冶金制品高温烧结的步进式炉

粉末冶金制品烧结的炉型选择,其决定因素是:要烧结的材料、烧结温度和气氛、生产工艺要求和操作维护费用。步进式炉为在904℃至1343℃时烧结大批量粉末冶金制品提供了一种可靠的方式。用氮—氢混合物作气氛,并用进一出口封闭室(闸室)加以控制,炉温最高可达1649℃。 步进式是连续地传送制品通过炉子的方式。制品置于料盘或夹具上,通过高温烧结区。网带式炉,通常由于合金网带和加热室长度的限制,在1149～1649℃高温时,就不能工作。而步进式炉的容量只受设备所占有效面积的限制,它有长达全炉长的步进梁,包括进口室/台、预热区、高温区、冷却室和出口室/台。在制品通过较低的温度区,比如,预热室和冷却室,     

双重抽气外热式真空电阻炉

本文介绍我厂自行设计研制的双重抽气罐式真空电阻炉,该炉因采用了炉罐内与罐外炉室同时抽真空,从而可以提高外热式真空炉的工作温度与扩大工作室尺寸,并能提高工件质量。     

燃煤下料炉炉型结构探讨

下料炉是工业加热炉的一种，其工艺特点决定了其结构明显不同于一般的室状炉和连续加热炉。本文从几个方面探讨采用水平往复炉排的燃煤下料炉的合理炉型的结构。     

生物质燃烧过程中结焦、积灰及腐蚀形成机理及其制剂开发研究进展

大力发展生活垃圾及农林废弃物等生物质直接燃烧发电和煤炭掺烧生物质燃烧发电对缓解我国能源安全问题和实现“双碳”战略目标具有重要意义。然而生活垃圾和农林废弃物中较高含量的碱/碱土金属、硫、氯和硅等元素在高温燃烧过程中会发生复杂交互反应,导致锅炉结焦、积灰和腐蚀等一系列问题,严重影响锅炉的安全稳定运行。通过系统分析生活垃圾和农林废弃物等固体燃料燃烧过程中可能的结焦、积灰和腐蚀形成机理,探讨了原料灰分组成和结焦、积灰、腐蚀形成的关联关系和预测方法,在此基础上比较了不同类型结焦、积灰和腐蚀抑制剂的作用机制及其施加效果,并对未来高效抑制剂的开发进行了展望。     

山水气林田湖草城系统治理工程技术研究

本文对“山水气林田湖草城”系统治理的理论与工程技术进行了全面深入地研究.提出了修复山形地貌、净化水体质量、调节大气成分、优化森林结构、改良农田土质、重建湖域生态、扩大种草面积、完善城市规划的方法.对“山水气林田湖草城”进行整体保护、系统恢复、综合治理;量化生态资源的隐性价值;发展新气候经济;实施碳热氧产品交易;设立碳热氧税制度;建立经济生产总值与生态生产总值平衡发展体系;创建零碳模式;使人与植物、动物、微生物和自然环境之间,生物各个种群之间,生态诸子系统之间,通过能量流动、物质循环和信息传递达到高度适应、协调和统一的平衡状态,减弱减少自然灾害,延长人类在地球上的生存时间.     

现代先进发动机技术——涡轮增压系统(一)

本文综述了九十年代以来世界上现代先进发动机涡轮增压系统的发展技术。重点叙述了涡轮增压器设计原理和结构设计的发展,如主要部件压气机、涡轮、涡壳和放气阀(压气机和涡轮)的设计原则和结构类型。并就增压器的瞬态响应特性、增压压力控制和性能特性、中冷系统、复合增压、透平失效诊断等先进技术作了论述。     

柴油车碳烟的燃烧特性及动力学研究

利用TGA和TPO对碳烟进行燃烧特性和动力学分析.研究表明,碳烟氧化过程主要发生了失水干燥、可溶性有机成分(SOF)氧化和固体碳氧化的变化.碳烟中水的质量分数约为3%,SOF质量分数约为40%,固体碳质餐分数约为25%,金属灰分质馈分数约为4%,堇青石材料和铁锈质量分数约为16%,硫化物等其他成分质量分数约为2%.随着升温速率的增加,TGA各曲线向高温区移动,对应的最大峰值温度升高,热滞后现象加重.通过Redhead法对TGA和TPO数据进行动力学分析,得出碳烟的活化能为160～170 kJ/mol.     

我国市政污泥处理处置现状研究

随着我国生态文明建设进程日益加快,污泥处理处置行业也得到快速发展。我国市政污泥处理处置技术呈现多样化发展趋势,焚烧、厌氧发酵、好氧堆肥、热解炭化等方式尤为常见。统计分析了国内385个典型污泥处理处置项目的处理规模、各技术占比、投资、运行成本等指标,并针对各污泥处理工艺碳排放情况进行综述,以期为未来污泥处理处置技术发展方向提供一定参考。数据显示,截至2022年3月,我国污泥项目建设总规模达4851.4万t/a,污泥无害化理论处置率达73.5%。污泥处理处置项目以焚烧、厌氧消化、好氧堆肥为主,分别占比65.41%、15.55%、9.61%。对污泥碳排放水平、处理成本、能源回收效率、资源化利用水平等因素的综合分析表明,污泥厌氧消化是当前较具潜力的处理技术。     

Characteristics of hydrogen production from steam gasification of plant-originated lignocellulosic biomass and its prospects in Vietnam

Demands for the decline of CO₂ emissions resulted in a significant transformation of the energy systems working on carbon sources towards more sustainable, clean, and renewable characteristics. Hydrogen is emerging as a secondary energy vector with ever-increasing importance in the decarbonisation progress. Indeed, hydrogen, a green and renewable energy source, could be produced from steam gasification of plant-originated lignocellulosic biomass. In this current review, key factors affect the hydrogen production yield from steam gasification of plant-originated lignocellulosic biomass, including the design of the gasifier, temperature, pressure, and steam-to-biomass ratio, steam flow rate, moisture and particle size of fed biomass, and catalysts were thoroughly analysed. Moreover, the effects of the abovementioned factors on the reduction of tar formation, which is also a key parameter towards ensuring the trouble-free operation of the reactor, were critically evaluated. More importantly, the separation of produced hydrogen from steam gasification of biomass and challenges over technological, environmental, and economic aspects of biomass gasification were also presented in detail. In addition, this paper is also profiling the prospect of Vietnam in fulfilling its hydrogen economy potential because Vietnam has vast biomass due to its tropical weather and availability of arable land, providing abundant lignocellulosic biomass with 45% of agricultural waste, 30% of firewood, and 25% of other sources. Besides, some primary factors hindering the broad application of biomass for hydrogen production were indicated. Finally, some solutions for implementing the hydrogenization strategy in Vietnam have also been discussed.     

生物质高压液化制生物油研究进展

以生物质为原料进行高压液化制备生物油是目前生物质能领域研究的一个热点。纤维素在水中的降解是复杂的竞争和连串反应机理;在180℃以上,半纤维素就很容易水解,而且不管是酸还是碱都能催化半纤维素的水解反应;在水热条件下木质素会发生分解,生成多种苯酚、甲氧基苯酚等,这些产物可进一步被水解成甲氧基化合物。影响生物质液化产率及生物油组成的主要因素是温度、生物质类型和溶剂种类;次要因素包括停留时间、催化剂、还原性气体和供氢溶剂、加热速率、生物质颗粒大小、反应压力等。纤维素类生物质通过高压液化可以生产生物油,生物油经物理精制及化学加工可以制取车用燃料、生物气及化工产品等。生物油有轻油和重油之分,都是通过对生物质液化产物的分离精制而得到的。目前用来分析生物油的主要方法包括GC-MS(色-质联用)、EA(元素分析)、FTIR(傅里叶变换红外光谱)、HPLC(高效液相色谱)、NMR(核磁共振)、TOC(总有机碳测定)等。人们对生物质高压液化研究已经进行多年,并建立了几套工业试验示范装置。不过因为操作条件太苛刻,到目前为止还没有建立商业化装置。     

Thermal management performance of a fin-enhanced phase change material system for the lithium-ion battery

A fin-enhanced phase change material (PCM) system was introduced for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries. Experiments were performed to explore the performance of the systems during discharging. The working time of the PCM-Fin system is improved by 75%, 68%, and 61% compared to that of the system without fins under the heat production rate of 10, 12.5, and 15 W, accordingly. Simulations were performed by ANSYS Fluent to explore the influence of the geometric parameters (thickness, length, and number) and materials (nylon, titanium, steel, Al alloy, and copper) of the fins on the thermal performance. A function considering both the improvement in thermal performance and the increase in system weight was defined to assess the overall performance. Results indicate that fins made of Al alloy with the number of 8, a length of 7.5 mm, and a thickness of 0.5 mm give the best performance. Besides, the working time of the PCM-Fin system is 2150, 2490, 2940, and 3570 seconds for the coefficient of heat transfer of 5, 10, 15, and 20 W m⁻² K⁻¹, respectively, which is increased by 14%, 32%, 56%, and 90%, compared to that of the adiabatic condition, demonstrating the effectiveness of the PCM-Fin system.     

Research progress on hydrate plugging in multiphase mixed rich-liquid transportation pipelines

The plugging mechanism of multiphase mixed rich-liquid transportation in submarine pipeline is a prerequisite for maintaining the fluid flow in the pipeline and ensuring safe fluid flow. This paper introduced the common experimental devices used to study multiphase flow, and summarized the plugging progress and mechanism in the liquid-rich system. Besides, it divided the rich-liquid phase system into an oil-based system, a partially dispersed system, and a water-based system according to the different water cuts, and discussed the mechanism of hydrate plugging. Moreover, it summarized the mechanism and the use of anti-agglomerates in different systems. Furthermore, it proposed some suggestions for future research on hydrate plugging. First, in the oil-based system, the effect factors of hydrates are combined with the mechanical properties of hydrate deposit layer, and the hydrate plugging mechanism models at inclined and elbow pipes should be established. Second, the mechanism of oil-water emulsion breaking in partially dispersed system and the reason for the migration of the oil-water interface should be analyzed, and the property of the free water layer on the hydrate plugging process should be quantified. Third, a complete model of the effect of the synergy of liquid bridge force and van der Waals force in the water-based system on the hydrate particle coalescence frequency model is needed, and the coalescence frequency model should be summarized. Next, the dynamic analysis of a multiphase mixed rich-liquid transportation pipeline should be coupled with the process of hydrate coalescence, deposition, and blockage decomposition. Finally, the effects of anti-agglomerates on the morphological evolution of hydrate under different systems and pipeline plugging conditions in different media should be further explored.