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为确保特殊膳食用食品标签标准与现行特殊膳食用食品产品标准和相关标准相衔接,新发布的《预包装特殊膳食用食品标签》将于2015年7月1日起施行。特殊膳食用食品是指为满足特殊的身体或生理状况和(或)满足疾病、紊乱等状态下的特殊膳食需求,专门加工或配方的食品。 相似文献
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精准营养(Precision Nutrition)作为新兴概念,目前尚无统一的定义。本文中的精准营养是指“根据个体或亚人群的特点,制定动态的营养建议、产品或服务,从而优化健康的领域”。精准营养是营养科学和健康产业发展的新方向。美国营养协会提出精准营养的流程可以划分为四大环节,包括评估(Assessment)、解释(Inter-pretation)、干预(Intervention)、监测与评价(Monitoring and Evaluation)。与传统营养产品与服务不同,精准营养的产品与服务可以以定制的方式实现,已有越来越多的企业布局精准营养。精准营养食品的定位目前尚不明确,本研究将“精准营养解决方案中针对亚人群或个体定制的食品”归为精准营养食品,并聚焦于非患病亚人群与个体。精准营养食品包括了定制化膳食营养补充剂,针对特殊的身体或生理状况(不含疾病、紊乱状态)的特殊膳食用食品,以及定制化餐品。首先梳理对比了国内外的定制化膳食营养补充剂以及特殊膳食用食品相关的法律法规,提出了针对精准营养食品的监管建议。进一步,全面梳理了已有的国内精准营养食品相关的国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、团体标准及团体指南,以及国外精准营养食品相关的国际标准化组织(ISO)标准、世界卫生组织(WHO)指南、国际食品法典委员会(CAC)标准以及国外其他协学会/团体指南。通过对比分析国内外精准营养食品的标准化情况,建议未来加快研制精准营养食品的产品检测方法标准、质量标准及产品使用标准等,可重点以团体标准的形式研制,以促进精准营养产业发展。 相似文献
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随着越来越多的特殊食品进入大众的视野,无论从市场监管角度还是饮食安全角度,食品渗透压的检测和控制都具有重要的意义。但目前国内外学者对特殊食品中渗透压的研究关注度较低,我国尚未完善特殊食品中渗透压相关标准的制定。渗透压仪分为冰点渗透压仪和露点渗透压仪,调研显示现有的仪器完全能满足婴幼儿配方食品渗透压的测定,但是对于基质复杂、样品状态多变的特殊医学用途配方食品可能需要更多的开发研究。本文阐述了渗透压对特殊食品的意义及婴幼儿配方食品和特殊医学用途配方食品渗透压的研究现状,并针对适用于市场上现有的特殊食品测定的渗透压仪进行介绍和比较分析,以期为现行标准的完善、渗透压仪的选择和特殊食品的市场监管提供参考依据。 相似文献
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《Food Reviews International》2013,29(2):171-212
Abstract If the present trend in consumer awareness of nutrition continues, the need for special dietary foods designed to correct nutritional imbalance is expected to increase in the coming years. However, this need cannot be met unless special dietary foods with sensory properties similar to those of traditional foods are developed. Dietary foods that meet the special nutritional needs of people suffering abnormal physiological conditions, such as deficiency states and metabolic disorders, are reviewed. Significant progress has been made in this field, particularly in the area of low‐calorie foods. Much more needs to be done. Palatability of special dietary foods is still a major problem. With the expected approval of several special dietary ingredients (i.e., new intense sweeteners, low calorie fat substitutes, and low calorie bulking agents), the future of the special dietary industry appears bright. 相似文献
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【目的】 了解食品中主要食源性致病菌的污染状况,确定高危食品,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供科学依据。
【方法】 按照《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》 的检测技术要求,2011 - 2015 年在延边地区的几个监测点采集食品样品1069份,对沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(定量)、金黄色葡萄球菌(定量)、铜绿假单胞菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌的污染情况进行监测。
【结果】 1069份样品中,共检出致病菌115株,总检出率为10.76%.熟肉制品、生食动物性水产品、凉拌菜、熟制米面制品、婴幼儿食品、乳及乳制品、速冻米面品、特殊膳食用食品、饮用水、三明治以及流动早餐样品的致病菌检出率分别为17.65%(3/17)、15.79%(3/19)、11.76%(4/34)、34.48%(10/29)、33.80%(24/71)、40.00%(12/30)、6.67%(1/15)、42.86%(6/14)、58.33%(7/12)、10.00%(1/10)和71.43%(10/14);2011-2015年食源性致病菌检出率分别为0.94% 、1.87% 、6.83% 、0.65%、0.19%。
【结论】 乳及乳制品、特殊膳食用食品、饮用水和流动早餐是延边地区食品的主要污染品种,作为直接入口食品的熟肉制品、凉拌菜、熟制米面制品和婴幼儿食品可能导致较高的食源性疾病风险。 相似文献
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《Food Reviews International》2013,29(7):609-639
ABSTRACTIn vast swathes of Sub-Saharan Africa, maize is the staple food with consumption of up to 450 g/person/day. Additionally, maize is used as a weaning food for infants as well as for special ceremonies, caring for the sick, aged and pregnant women. Malnutrition persists in regions with heavy maize consumption, partly due to compositional maize characteristics, nutrient loss during processing and consumer preferences. This paper reviews the traditional uses and processing of maize, opportunities and necessary improvements to ensure (micro)nutrient security. Better use of maize can enhance its contribution to meeting the dietary needs and livelihood of Africa’s growing populace. 相似文献
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Aaron J. O’Sullivan Sandrine Pigat Cian O’Mahony Michael J. Gibney Aideen I. McKevitt 《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2016,33(11):1660-1671
The choice of suitable normal foods is limited for individuals with particular medical conditions, e.g., inborn errors of metabolism (phenylketonuria – PKU) or severe cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA). Patients may have dietary restrictions and exclusive or partial replacement of specific food groups with specially formulated products to meet particular nutrition requirements. Artificial sweeteners are used to improve the appearance and palatability of such food products to avoid food refusal and ensure dietary adherence. Young children have a higher risk of exceeding acceptable daily intakes for additives than adults due to higher food intakes kg–1 body weight. The Budget Method and EFSA’s Food Additives Intake Model (FAIM) are not equipped to assess partial dietary replacement with special formulations as they are built on data from dietary surveys of consumers without special medical requirements impacting the diet. The aim of this study was to explore dietary exposure modelling as a means of estimating the intake of artificial sweeteners by young PKU and CMPA patients aged 1–3 years. An adapted validated probabilistic model (FACET) was used to assess patients’ exposure to artificial sweeteners. Food consumption data were derived from the food consumption survey data of healthy young children in Ireland from the National Preschool and Nutrition Survey (NPNS, 2010–11). Specially formulated foods for special medical purposes were included in the exposure model to replace restricted foods. Inclusion was based on recommendations for adequate protein intake and dietary adherence data. Exposure assessment results indicated that young children with PKU and CMPA have higher relative average intakes of artificial sweeteners than healthy young children. The reliability and robustness of the model in the estimation of patient additive exposures was further investigated and provides the first exposure estimates for these special populations. 相似文献
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In past decades, the main objectives of nutrition surveys were to define nutritional status at the time of the study, to cross-sectionally describe dietary patterns of consumption and food preparation practices, and to identify areas for improvement. Nowadays, the need for ongoing evaluation of nutritional status of individuals and of population is gaining recognition. The present paper, in discussing usefulness and limitations of dietary intake data, will focus on the importance of considering nutrition as a component of overall quality of life as well as a discipline that gains to be integrated to other disciplinary fields such as medicine, biochemistry, immunology, anthropometry and agribusiness. In this respect, the present paper will discuss the methodology of dietary data collection, the various uses of dietary data collected at the individual, community and general population levels and finally will try to define new vistas in regard to emphasis and tools for future dietary intake studies. 相似文献