高密度聚乙烯溶液分级和结晶性能研究

采用逐步降温和控制沉淀剂用量的方法对HDPE进行溶液分级，以期制备具有特定结晶度的PE标准物质，在特定的分级工艺下，级分2结晶度的均值和扩展不确定度分别为79．34％和0．45%。同时采用GPC、FTIR和DSC对级分的摩尔质量、支化度和结晶性能进行了测定和分析，结果表明溶液分级能够将HDPE分成窄摩尔质量分布且具有特定结晶度的级分。在本研究范围内，在同样热历史和降温速率条件下，摩尔质量从高到低、支化度由大小的级分非等温结晶能力依次增强，形成晶体的有序度逐渐增大。较低摩尔质量且支化度小的窄摩尔质量分布级分具有较完善、分布更加均匀的薄片晶结构。     

线型低密度聚乙烯的分级制备北大核心

采用制备型升温淋洗分级仪对线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)进行分级和收集,得到6个不同结晶度的级分,并利用差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪和凝胶渗透色谱仪分别对原样和级分的结晶熔融行为、短链支化度、相对分子质量及其分布进行了分析。结果表明:随着淋洗温度的升高,级分的结晶度增大、支化度降低、相对分子质量增大,且LLDPE试样中存在支化不均匀性,低相对分子质量部分聚乙烯的共聚单体含量较高,高相对分子质量部分聚乙烯的共聚单体含量较少。     

线型低密度聚乙烯的分级制备

采用制备型升温淋洗分级仪对线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)进行分级和收集,得到6个不同结晶度的级分,并利用差示扫描量热仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪和凝胶渗透色谱仪分别对原样和级分的结晶熔融行为、短链支化度、相对分子质量及其分布进行了分析。结果表明:随着淋洗温度的升高,级分的结晶度增大、支化度降低、相对分子质量增大,且LLDPE试样中存在支化不均匀性,低相对分子质量部分聚乙烯的共聚单体含量较高,高相对分子质量部分聚乙烯的共聚单体含量较少。     

升温淋洗分级制备不同结晶度LLDPE的研究

采用升温淋洗分级(TREF)制备了不同结晶度的线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)级分，并采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)对级分的结晶、熔融行为和短链支化度进行了研究。结果表明：LLDPE级分的结晶度和熔点与淋洗温度成线性关系；随淋洗温度的升高，级分结晶能力增强、结晶度升高、熔点升高、短链支化度变小；TREF淋洗温度依赖于LLDPE的熔融焓、片晶厚度和亚甲基序列长度等因素。     

对羟基苯甲酸对HDPE结晶行为及力学性能的影响

采用DSC研究了对羟基苯甲酸(HBA)对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)非等温结晶行为的影响。分析了HBA的引入对HDPE的结晶行为、晶片厚度分布、结晶度以及力学性能的影响。结果表明，当HBA用量为HDPE的0．5％-1．0％时可以促进HDPE的结晶，从而加快HDPE的结晶速度，提高HDPE的结晶度，降低片晶的平均厚度及其分布，并提高其力学性能。     

管材专用高密度聚乙烯的热分级研究

利用差示扫描量热法和连续自成核退火分级(SSA)法研究了PE100级管材专用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)树脂的结晶熔融行为,三个牌号HDPE树脂的1-己烯共聚单体含量按试样1、试样2、试样3逐渐降低。结果表明:两种方法得到的结晶度和熔融温度均按试样1、试样2、试样3递增,且SSA处理后试样的结晶度和熔融温度较高;短链支化度按试样1、试样2、试样3逐渐降低;试样3表现出最佳的刚性和较低的韧性,而试样1则相反。     

烯烃嵌段共聚物的多重分级研究

综合采用升温淋洗分级（pTREF）和相对分子质量分级（pMMF）的方法将烯烃嵌段共聚物（OBC）分别制备分级为支化度分布较窄的级分和相对分子质量分布较窄的级分。利用高温凝胶渗透色谱（HT-GPC）、结晶淋洗分级（CEF）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）等进一步分析了基体树脂及其相应的pTREF和pMMF组分的链结构及组成信息。结果表明,多重分级是一种产生OBC样品集的有效方法,该样品集可由相对分子质量相似和支化结构不同的级分,或者支化结构相似但相对分子质量不同的级分构成。进而综合多种分析表征技术对这些交叉分级所得级分进行研究,深入了解了OBC样品分子链结构的非均匀性。     

过氧化物交联HDPE热水管材料性能分析

通过核磁共振、凝胶渗透色谱、差示扫描量热、粒径、熔体流动速率和力学性能等分析手段，研究了进口过氧化物交联高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）热水管材料及国产HDPE的结构与性能。结果表明，进口样品具有支化度小、双键含量高、相对分子质量高、相对分子质量分布窄、熔融温度高、熔体流动速率小、合适的粒径及分布以及较高的力学性能等特点；而国产HDPE则不适合用于过氧化物交联热水管。     

HDPE L5303B的结构性能及在小中空容器中的应用

介绍了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)L5303B在小中空容器中的应用,并与国内市场同类原料5300B进行了对比.结果表明,L5303B的摩尔质量略低于5300B,摩尔质量分布比5300B宽,相对支化度高于5300B,熔体质量流动速率大于5300B,加工性能比5300B好.同时L5303B密度和结晶度稍低,导致其托伸屈服强度略低于5300B,断裂伸长率略高于5300B.加工应用试验表明,通过简单的工艺参数调整,L5303B可以替代5300B应用于小中空容器的生产.     

HDPE微注射成型过程非等温动态结晶模拟

采用布拉本德实验仪模拟微注射成型过程,研究结晶型聚合物微注射成型过程的剪切诱导结晶。结果表明,其他工艺参数不变时,当班伯里转子转速从40r／min增加到80r／min,试样的结晶度从74．43％增大到84．36％,结晶度随着剪切速率的增加而增大,剪切速率促进剪切诱导结晶的形成;当熔体初始温度从145℃升至185℃时,试样结晶度从74．96%增大到79．43％,结晶度随着熔体初始温度的上升而增大;当剪切时间从10min增加到20min时,试样结晶度从77．48％增大到80．17％,结晶度随着剪切时间的增加而增大,剪切作用可以促进结晶。比较动态与静态DSC的实验结果,动态结晶度（79．43％）高于静态结晶度（77．48％）。在同样的热历史影响下,剪切等外力场作用会促进HDPE的结晶过程。将上述结晶过程的研究结果应用于微注射成型生产实际,可从结晶度的角度来优化微注射成型熔体温度、注射压力和注射速率等工艺参数,提高成型零件的质量。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。