甲醇介质中溶剂热合成六方CdS中空纳米球

以甲醇为溶剂, 硝酸镉和硫脲为原料, 通过溶剂热法合成了CdS中空纳米球, 采用TEM、EDS和XRD对样品形貌和结构进行了表征. TEM与EDS分析显示产物主要为洋葱状CdS中空纳米球, 外径为5～17nm, 空腔直径为3～14nm. XRD分析结果表明,CdS中空纳米球为六方纤锌矿结构. 并初步考察了醇类溶剂对形成CdS纳米结构的影响. 结果表明,当以无水乙醇或正戊醇为溶剂时,产物分别为CdS颗粒团簇或CdS纳米颗粒组装的微球,说明甲醇对中空结构的形成起了重要作用. 以甲醇作溶剂时, 中空纳米球的形成可能是CdS纳米片层高压下卷曲形成的.      

CdS纳米复合粒子的制备和光催化性能研究

为获得颗粒尺寸、形貌等比较规则的纳米CdS颗粒,通过逐层自组装技术和"两步法"相结合的方法在介孔分子筛SBA-15孔道内制备CdS纳米粒子,首先应用带电聚合物聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)、聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)将SBA-15孔道表面功能化,然后引入CdS前驱体Cd(CH3COO)2.2H2O,再将产物在H2S气氛中硫化得到最终产物SBA-15-PDDA-PSS-CdS。采用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附等手段进行测试表征,并将所制样品用于降解甲基橙来测试其光催化性能。结果表明:所制得的纳米CdS颗粒较小,分布均匀;纳米CdS在紫外光下对甲基橙具有良好的降解能力。     

粉煤灰基纳米复合材料的制备及光催化分解水产氢性能研究

采用一种经济可行的方法制备粉煤灰基CdS／Al-MCM-41介孔纳米复合材料,通过碱融法从粉煤灰中提取硅源和铝源,室温下模板组装纳米复合材料,小角XRD和高分辨率TEM结果表明,介孔分子筛Al-MCM-41的平均孔径约3．0nm,CdS颗粒均匀地分散于Al-MCM-41的孔道内;UV—vis漫反射光谱结果表明,CdS／Al-MCM-41纳米复合材料在波长约521nm处出现较强吸收边;荧光光谱结果表明,CdS与Al-MCM-41复合有效地降低了光生电子与空穴的复合几率;在可见光照射下,CdS／Al-MCM-41显示出较高的产H2活性,归因于CdS颗粒和介孔分子筛Al-MCM-41之间的协同作用所致。     

不同壳层的CdS／ZnS核／壳结构量子点的温度相关荧光性质

报导了CdS／ZnS纳米晶体（NCs）的制备过程和其光学}生质。通过采用连续离子层吸附和反应技术（SILAR）,我们用少量的表面活性剂合成了不同壳层的四个样品,包括CdS核纳米晶以及具有1～3层ZnS壳的CdS／ZnS核／壳结构纳米晶体样品。发现具有一层ZnS壳的CdS／ZnS样品的荧光量子产率大约比未包覆壳层的CdS纳米晶体样品的强11倍。另外,随着壳层的增加（增至两到三层）,荧光量子产率呈现下降的趋势。对样品进行了温度相关的光谱测量,发现CdS／ZnS和CdS一样具有特殊的光学特性。     

纳米CdS/聚(苯胺-邻氨基苯甲酸)复合薄膜的荧光性能研究

以聚(苯胺-邻氨基苯甲酸)(PAOAA)为基体,采用原位生成法制备的纳米CdS/PAOAA复合薄膜中,纳米CdS粒子大小均匀,粒径分布窄.对其荧光分析表明,纳米CdS/PAOAA复合薄膜的发光由CdS纳米粒子和PAOAA共同作用产生,在430nm和520nm附近出现了两大发光峰;硫化时间为5h的薄膜表现出的CdS的荧光特征峰与硫化3h的相比,有所增强,而PAOAA的荧光特征峰减弱.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮硫脲修饰CdS纳米粒子的制备

用硫脲为表面修饰剂,并用PVP(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮)为稳定剂在乙醇水溶液中合成了粒径分布均匀、性能稳定、有机物修饰的CdS纳米颗粒.重点分析了硫脲的引入对CdS纳米粒子晶体结构、粒径分布、紫外可见吸收光谱、红外光谱、光致荧光光谱(PL)的影响.发现硫脲修饰使得CdS纳米粒子的粒径更小,粒径分布更加均匀,并且有效地抑止了PVP对CdS荧光淬灭,在PL光谱上观察到了CdS的带隙发光.     

ZnO/CdS/Ag复合光催化剂的制备及其催化和抗菌性能

先用水热反应合成六方晶相CdS多层级花状微球并在其表面生长ZnO纳米棒形成均匀的ZnO/CdS复合结构,然后用光还原法将Ag纳米颗粒负载于ZnO纳米棒制备出ZnO/CdS/Ag三元半导体光催化剂,对其进行扫描电镜和透射电镜观察、光电性能测试、活性基团捕获实验以及光催化降解和抗菌性能测试,研究其对亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解和抗菌性能。结果表明：ZnO纳米棒均匀生长在CdS微球表面,CdS晶体没有明显裸露,Ag纳米粒子负载在ZnO纳米棒的表面;ZnO/CdS/Ag三元复合光催化剂有良好的可见光响应、较低的阻抗和较高的光电流密度;ZnO/CdS/Ag复合光催化剂能同时产生羟基和超氧自由基等活性氧基团;ZnO/CdS/Ag三元复合光催化剂对亚甲基蓝(MB)的30 min降解率高于90%;0.25 mg/mL的ZnO/CdS/Ag对革兰氏阴性菌(大肠杆菌)的灭菌率高于96%,对革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)能完全灭除。     

一锅法原位合成石墨烯/CdS纳米片状混合物及其光催化性能研究

通过一锅法原位合成法制备出石墨烯/CdS纳米薄片复合材料,运用X射线衍射图谱(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等分析方法对制备的样品的晶体结构和形态进行了表征。并借助光化学反应仪研究了其对亚甲基蓝溶液的脱色性能。结果表明:CdS纳米颗粒均匀的分布在石墨烯的表面,粒径大约为90nm左右。石墨烯/CdS在可见光照射下对亚甲基蓝溶液有良好的脱色效果。当光照时间达到60min,对亚甲基蓝溶液降解效率达到最大,为91%。     

CdSZnO核壳纳米棒阵列结构的制备及在太阳能电池中的应用

采用水热法制备垂直于FTO导电玻璃基底的ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后通过电化学沉积法在ZnO纳米棒阵列上沉积CdS纳米晶,形成CdS/ZnO核壳纳米棒阵列结构。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等对所得样品的形貌、结构组成进行分析表征;并以其为光电极组装太阳能电池,研究CdS纳米晶厚度对该电池光电性能的影响。结果表明,所得样品不仅拓宽和加强电池的光吸收能力,也有效调控光生载流子的传输。当CdS纳米晶沉积时间为60s时,电池的光电转换效率最高可达1.10%。     

微波合成CdS纳米颗粒的光致发光和光催化性能

本文用微波液相法成功合成分散均匀的纳米 CdS 颗粒,并采用 XRD 和 TEM 技术分别表征产品结构和形貌。作为光致发光(PL)材料,样品在300nm 波长激发下,出现波峰位于在602nm 的发射光谱。首次提出由于 CdS 半导体材料表面发生光腐蚀,即 Cd~(2 )离子吸收电子后,还原为单质Cd,并沉积在 CdS 固体表面,从而阻止光催化反应继续进行的新观点。     

Preparation of hierarchical CdS structures and effect of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) on the morphologies

Dendritic-like CdS and flower-like CdS structures have been prepared by hydrothermal method. The as-prepared CdS have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), ultraviolet–visible and room temperature photoluminescence (PL). And the photocatalytic activities also have been investigated. FESEM results indicate the role of SDBS is to make the CdS crystals assemble together. The optical energy band gap of dendritic-like CdS is 2.46 eV, and flower-like CdS is 2.48 eV. PL results show that dendritic-like CdS and flower-like CdS emit both blue and green fluorescence. Photocatalysis results show that the catalytic efficiency of dendritic-like CdS is better than flower-like CdS.     

Characterization of CBD–CdS nanocrystals doped with Co<Superscript>2+</Superscript>

Co-doped CdS nanofilms are synthesised by chemical bath deposition growth technique at the temperature of 60?±?2 °C. The cobalt molar fraction was ranged from 0 ≤ x ≤ 5.47, which was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction shows that the nanofilms are of CoS–CdS nanocomposites with individual CdS and CoS crystalline planes. The Co-doped CdS crystalline phase was zinc-blende that was determined by X-ray diffraction and confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The average grain size of the CdS films was ranged from 2.56 to 1.67 nm that was determined by Debye–Scherrer equation from ZB (111) direction and it was confirmed by Wang equation and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Raman scattering shows that the CdS lattice dynamics is characteristic of a bimodal behaviour, in which the first optical longitudinal mode denotes the characteristic peak at 305 cm^?1 of the CdS nanocrystals that is associated with the cobalt incorporation. Nanofilms present two main bandgaps at ~?2.56 and 3.80 eV, which are attributed to single CdS and quantum-confinement due to nanocrystals size. The increase in band gap with increase in cobalt concentration suggests intermetallic compound of CoS (E_g = 1.60 eV) with CdS (E_g = 2.44 eV). The CdS nanocrystals size was ranged from 2.46 to 1.81 nm that was determined from ZB (111) direction by Debye–Scherrer equation and confirmed by the Wang equation. The room-temperature photoluminescence of the Co-doped CdS presents well-resolved radiative bands associated to structural defects and with the quantum-confinement. For the Co-doped CdS the photoluminescence intensity increases indicate a high-passivation of the nanocrystals.     

Structural and optical characterization of Ni-doped CdS quantum dots

Ni-doped CdS quantum dots have been prepared by chemical precipitation technique. The X-diffraction results indicated that the particle size of Ni-doped CdS nanoparticles is smaller than that of undoped CdS and no secondary phase was observed. The average grain size of the nanoparticles is found to lie in the range of 2.7–4 nm. The compositional analysis results show that Cd, Ni, and S are present in the samples. HRTEM studies reveal that the average particle size of undoped and Ni-doped CdS quantum dots is 2 and 3 nm, respectively. Raman spectra shows that 1LO, 2LO, and 3LO peaks of the Ni-doped CdS samples are slightly red shifted when compared to that of undoped CdS. The absorption edge of Ni-doped CdS nanoparticles is found to shift towards the higher-wavelength (red shift) side when compared to that of undoped CdS and the band gap is observed to lie in the range of 3.79–3.95 eV. This band gap is higher than that of the bulk CdS and is due to quantum confinement effect present in CdS nanoparticles.     

Photoconductive cadmium sulfide hemicylindrical shell nanowire ensembles

We report the synthesis and characterization of hemicylindrical shell nanowires (HSNWs) composed of nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS). CdS HSNWs were synthesized by first electrodepositing microcrystalline cadmium (Cd) nanowires by electrochemical step-edge decoration on graphite electrode surfaces and then converting these Cd nanowires into CdS by exposure to H2S at elevated temperature. These nanowires had a hemicylindrical shell morphology that was produced by the Kirkendall effect, involving disparate rates for diffusion of Cd and S atoms within the nascent CdS layer during the conversion from Cd to CdS. The outer diameter of the CdS HSNWs was 1.6-2.4 times that of Cd precursor nanowires and was adjustable over the range from 116 to 550 nm. CdS HSNWs showed strong, band-edge photoluminescence at 2.45 eV and a fast, reversible, and stable photoconductivity response in air characterized by "on" and "off" times of less than 15 ms.     

Preparation and characterization of water-soluble CdS nanocrystals by surface modification of ethylene diamine

The water-soluble CdS nanoparticles were obtained by hydrogen bond between the cadmium-thiolate complex on the surface of CdS nanoparticles and ethylene diamine (anhydrous). The modified CdS nanoparticles enhanced its solubility in H₂O and alcohol. The ethylene diamine-capped CdS nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), photoluminescence (PL) and Ultraviolet–Visible absorption spectrum (UV–Vis spectrum). The absorption peak at 262 nm was observed, which belonged to ethylene diamine-modificated Cd-thiolate complex at the surface of as-grown CdS nanoparticles. The results of the PL spectra indicated that the modification of CdS nanoparticles reduced effectively the local surface-trap states. Based on the above results, a possible mechanism for the formation of the water-soluble CdS nanoparticles was discussed.     

Porous CdS:CdO composite structure formed by screen printing and sintering of CdS in air

A porous CdS:CdO composite structure was formed by screen printing of CdS powder and sintering in air at high temperature. The X-ray diffraction analysis of CdS sintered at different temperatures revealed that a CdO formation in the CdS matrix is by the phase transformation of CdS, which may be stated as CdS–CdSO₄–CdO. The structure, composition and photosensitivity of this composite structure depend on the sintering temperature, sintering atmosphere and the flux to semiconductor (F/S) ratio. The results indicate that the screen printed CdS:CdO structure may be used as a photoconductor in solid state devices and as a photoelectrode in photo-electro-chemical energy conversion systems.     

Quantum confinement effects in Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles prepared by chemical precipitation technique

CdS and Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical precipitation technique. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the CdS and Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles exhibit hexagonal structure. The high resolution transmission electron microscope image shows that CdS and Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles have particle size lying in the range of 3.5 to 4.0 nm. Raman spectra show that 1LO, 2LO and 3LO peaks of the Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles are slightly shifted to lower wavenumber side when compared to that of CdS. Optical absorption spectra of Gd-doped CdS nanoparticles shows that absorption edge is slightly shifted towards longer wavelength side (red shift) when compared to that of CdS and this shift is due to the quantum confinement effect present in the samples.     

化学水浴沉积时间对CdS薄膜性质的影响

采用CBD法在醋酸镉溶液体系中制备CdS半导体薄膜,通过XRD、XRF、SEM和光学透过率谱等测试手段研究了沉积时间对CdS薄膜沉积过程和性质的影响.结果表明,随着沉积时间的增加,薄膜增厚;S/Cd原子比增加,但都为富Cd的CdS薄膜;XRD研究表明,薄膜结构由立方、六方混合相向立方相转变,(111)方向成为择优生长方向;SEM研究表明,随沉积时间增加,薄膜变致密,薄膜表面出现的白色附着颗粒增多,尺寸增大;沉积时间对薄膜的光学性质也有很大的影响,随着沉积时间的增加薄膜透过率减小,而禁带宽度值增大.     

Histidine functionalised biocompatible CdS quantum dots synthesised by sonochemical method

Histidine functionalised CdS quantum dots (QDs) have been synthesised by sonochemical method. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observation shows that the histidine functionalised CdS QDs are well-defined, nearly spherical particles. The X-ray diffraction pattern indicates formation of cubic phase of CdS/histidine QDs. The absorption spectra confirm quantum confinement of histidine functionalised CdS QDs. The photoluminescence property of CdS/histidine QDs is found better than that of CdS QDs. Histidine functionalised CdS QDs, in which histidine acts as a biocompatibiliser, can find potential applications in the biological fields.