我国公共建筑能耗调查研究综述

公用建筑是我国能源消耗的大户。综述典型省市公共建筑能耗整体情况、用电负荷的特点、公共建筑分项计量情况、总结公共建筑的节能方向和潜力,对比国外的先进经验,指出国内能耗调查中存在的问题。     

某大型公共建筑的能耗分析及对策

为了掌握公共建筑集中空调系统的能耗状况,以某大型公共建筑为例,通过对用电、用气及用水情况,及相关运行设备等方面进行了能耗测试和分析,得出公共建筑的主要的能耗对象为集中空调系统,且公共建筑空调系统存在设计选型偏大、设备运行效率低、运行管理不规范、缺乏室温控制等诸多问题。提出了针对大型公共建筑的节能改造方面的建议。     

基于ANP的大型公共建筑能耗评价指标体系研究

根据大型公共建筑的能耗特点及严寒地区的地域特点,从建筑规划设计、建筑围护结构、暖通空调、其他设备、新能源的利用以及运行管理六个方面建立了ANP网络模型,构建了建筑能耗综合评价体系,并运用Super Decision软件计算各指标权重。通过该体系的建立,证实了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

公共建筑能耗动态监测与信息管理系统的建立、运行及预期效益分析

在建筑领域节能工作中,公共建筑能耗问题日益突出。建立公共建筑能耗动态监测与信息管理系统已成为当务之急。以新疆巴州TKD—EMS建筑能耗计量监测管理系统的建立和运行为例,对公共建筑能耗动态监测与信息管理系统的建立与运行进行介绍,并对其预期效益进行预估评价和分析。     

上海某公共建筑能耗分析及节能建议

公共建筑总体占比虽在城市建筑中不大,但能耗问题一直存在。通过对上海某公共建筑能耗调研及分析,对能耗进行了汇总、拆分及专项检测,并结合走访、问询、数据分析等对建筑能耗提出了合理化建议及节能改进措施以供借鉴和参考。     

公共建筑能耗监测与节能分析

通过公共建筑的分项计量装置进行其能耗实时监测并将数据上传至能耗监测平台,选取6栋建筑的一周能耗分项数据,对其照明用电和空调用电进行了逐日分析,并选出典型日的空调能耗进行了研究.找出各建筑的用能规律,发现建筑能耗中存在的问题并提出相应的节能建议.     

上海市《公共建筑节能设计标准》分析

对上海市《公共建筑节能设计标准》(DGJ08-107-2004)和其它建筑节能设计标准作了简单分析与比较。并针对节能设计的现状提出了一些建议,认为对于一些成熟有效的节能措施应通过节能设计标准的规定性条文加以推广。     

上海公共建筑节能潜力分析

根据上海近年来公共建筑的用能状况和建筑用能设备的技术，管理和能效水平和发展趋势，估算了上海公共建筑的节能潜力。     

公共建筑大型电开水系统的改进与节能分析

改进型大型电开水系统目标是代替能耗严重的现有电开水器。其从结构上解决高功率电热管长时间工作的问题,改进型大型电开水系统进行分时段连续加热,利用了开水储水箱储存开水,能很好解决空损能耗问题。改进后的系统主要由电热丝加热装置、水温调节器、换热器、饮用水储水箱等组成。其既能不间断供饮用水,又能实现对供开水的温度进行调节,又大幅度地降低能耗。利用改进型大型电开水系统可以实现使用更安全方便,更有利于节能减排。     

寒冷地区学校建筑季节能耗相关差异性分析

利用能耗模拟软件计算一所寒冷地区学校教学楼的季节能耗,并与除无寒暑假外其他运行条件均相同的对比建筑比较,比对两个建筑由于存在运行时间的差异而导致的供冷、供热需求以及季节能耗分项占比差异,得出以下结论 :寒冷地区学校建筑加强外围护结构的保温性能是降低冬季能耗的重点,提高夏季热回收装置的效率是降低夏季能耗的重点;其设计热负荷的数值仍应按常规计算方法确定,设计冷负荷的数值可低于常规方法计算数值,降低率可取7%。     

济南市某综合写字楼能源消耗分析

为研究确定济南市大型公共建筑能源消耗状况,以济南某综合写字楼为研究对象,通过调研、现场实测、走访、查阅资料对项目水耗、燃气消耗、供暖热力消耗、电力消耗进行了详细地统计分析,得到了大楼单位建筑面积水耗指标、单位人员桶装水消耗指标、日均燃气消耗指标、单位建筑面积冬季空调热力消耗指标、单位建筑面积耗电指标以及单位建筑面积一次总能耗指标及其组分进行了统计分析。     

芬兰低能耗建筑物

1993～1998年间,芬兰国家技术研究中心VTT建筑技术研究所在若干企业的协助下进行了一项名为RAKET的低能耗建筑物研发项目。他们按计划修建了系列独户住宅、3套公寓建筑、一座太阳房和一栋办公楼。据VTT建筑技术研究所计划主任MarkkuVirtanen教授说,上述建筑基于如下特点具有低能耗与优良的居住舒适性:1.墙壁、地板与房顶等外围护结构具有优异的隔热性,2.现代高能效窗,3.具备热回收功能的机械通风系统,4.精心建造以保证建筑的气密效果。通风与气密的重要性。Virtanen指出,外围护与低U值窗的有效隔热再加上具备热回收能力的通风设备对建…     

Estimating nonprocess energy from building energy consumption

From this research, an important technique for estimating the nonprocess energy (also known as overhead energy) in industrial and manufacturing buildings was examined. The building energy data for six industrial facilities were collected over multiple months in which production varied over these months. This technique then used a regression of monthly building energy or utilities' use versus monthly production rate. The nonprocess energy was estimated for each facility as the energy extrapolated to zero production in these regression models. The range of monthly production data was also used to determine a midpoint or average production at each facility and the corresponding average total building energy (process and nonprocess). The energy at zero production, as a percentage of the midpoint production energy, was thus the nonprocess energy percentage. In addition, the zero production power intensity (in watts per square meter) was compared to industry average nonprocess energy intensities (heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation) to interpret the nature and possible improvement in nonprocess energy.     

A review on the prediction of building energy consumption

The energy performance in buildings is influenced by many factors, such as ambient weather conditions, building structure and characteristics, the operation of sub-level components like lighting and HVAC systems, occupancy and their behavior. This complex situation makes it very difficult to accurately implement the prediction of building energy consumption. This paper reviews recently developed models for solving this problem, which include elaborate and simplified engineering methods, statistical methods and artificial intelligence methods. Previous research work concerning these models and relevant applications are introduced. Based on the analysis of previous work, further prospects are proposed for additional research reference.     

重庆市某大型酒店建筑能耗及节能措施分析

介绍重庆市某大型酒店空调系统的使用概况和负荷特征,分析该酒店建筑的能耗情况,提出降低该酒店建筑能耗的一些可行的技术和管理措施及建议。     

居住区节能建筑供热设计热指标分析

根据对居住区内有代表性特点的建筑物的实测数据 ,分析整理出居住区的住宅楼、小学教学楼、百货商场的供热指标和供暖设计热指标。进一步分析导出了居住区供暖与热水供应综合热指标。同时 ,根据民用建筑节能设计标准的要求 ,分析调整了节能型住宅的控制热指标。     

Impact of climate change on building heating energy consumption in Tianjin

This paper investigated the variation of building heating energy consumption caused by global warming in Tianjin, China. Based on the hourly historical and monthly projected future (B1/A1B emissions scenarios) meteorological data, the variation of those relevant meteorological parameters was first analyzed. A TRNSYS simulation model for a reference building was introduced to investigate historical variation of office building energy consumption. The results showed that the 10-year-average heating energy consumption of 2001–2010 had reduced by 16.1% compared to that of 1961–1970. By conducting principal component analysis and regression analysis, future variation of building heating load was studied. For B1/A1B emissions scenarios, the multi-year-average heating load was found to decrease by 9.7% (18.1%)/10.2% (22.7%) compared to that of 1971–2010 by 2011–2050 (2051–2100).     

Statistical analysis of residential building energy consumption in Tianjin

To analyze the effect of energy conservation policies on energy consumption of residential buildings, the characteristics of energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort were investigated in detail in Tianjin, China, based on official statistical yearbook and field survey data. A comprehensive survey of 305 households indicates that the mean electricity consumption per household is 3215 kWh/a, in which annual cooling electricity consumption is 344 kWh/a, and the mean natural gas consumption for cooking is 103.2 m³/a. Analysis of 3966 households data shows that space heating average intensity of residential buildings designed before 1996 is 133.7 kWh/(m²·a), that of buildings designed between 1996 and 2004 is 117.2 kWh/(m²·a), and that of buildings designed after 2004 is 105.0 kWh/(m²·a). Apparently, enhancing the performance of envelops is effective in reducing space heating intensity. Furthermore, the results of questionnaires show that 18% of the residents feel slightly warm and hot respectively, while 3% feel slightly cold in winter. Therefore, the electricity consumption in summer will rise for meeting indoor thermal comfort.     

Influence of infiltration on energy consumption of a winery building

With the wide use of light steel structure in industrial buildings, some problems such as air leakage, water dripping and condensation and so forth occur during the construction and operation phases. Through the onsite testing of a winery building in Huailai County, Hebei Province in China, the influence of infiltration on energy consumption in industrial buildings was studied. The pressurization test method and moisture condensation method were used to test the infiltration rates. The results show that the winery building is twice as leaky as normal Chinese buildings and five times as leaky as Canadian buildings. The energy use simulation demonstrates that the reduction of the infiltration rate of the exterior rooms to 1/3 and the interior rooms to 1/2 could help decrease a total energy consumption of approximately 20% and reduce a total energy cost of approximately $ 225000. Therefore, it has a great potential to reduce the energy consumption in this type of buildings. Enforcement of the appropriate design, construction and installation would play a significant role in improving the overall performance of the building.