我国公共建筑能耗调查研究综述

公用建筑是我国能源消耗的大户。综述典型省市公共建筑能耗整体情况、用电负荷的特点、公共建筑分项计量情况、总结公共建筑的节能方向和潜力,对比国外的先进经验,指出国内能耗调查中存在的问题。     

某大型公共建筑的能耗分析及对策

为了掌握公共建筑集中空调系统的能耗状况,以某大型公共建筑为例,通过对用电、用气及用水情况,及相关运行设备等方面进行了能耗测试和分析,得出公共建筑的主要的能耗对象为集中空调系统,且公共建筑空调系统存在设计选型偏大、设备运行效率低、运行管理不规范、缺乏室温控制等诸多问题。提出了针对大型公共建筑的节能改造方面的建议。     

外立面辐射吸收率对公共建筑能耗的影响分析

为分析公共建筑表面辐射特性与建筑能耗的关系,选取成都及会理地区作为典型代表区域,研究外立面辐射吸收率对建筑能耗影响规律。结果表明,随着吸收系数的增加,建筑全年耗热量降低,耗冷量增加;当吸收系数大于0.3时,耗冷明显增加,增加率为0.3%;屋面吸收系数对会理地区制冷能耗影响较大,每增加0.1,制冷能耗增加578 kWh;外墙吸收系数增加对单日室内温度上升波动影响较小,仅为0.15 ℃,但从全年温度分布区间看,全年大于29 ℃的时间段明显增加,夏季冷负荷需求增大。该研究内容可为公共建筑立面的优化设计以及进一步降低建筑能耗提供参考。     

既有公共建筑能耗及碳排放强度计算

为实现我国“双碳”目标,建筑领域节能减碳尤为重要。调研北京市某办公建筑2019年用能数据,并进行能耗强度和碳排放强度计算。通过与《民用建筑能耗标准》（GB/T 51161—2016）中相关指标进行对比,计算本项目的节能减碳潜力。运行阶段的公共建筑可通过提升围护结构性能、机电智慧高效运行以及可再生能源系统应用等技术措施,助力建筑节能减碳。     

基于ANP的大型公共建筑能耗评价指标体系研究

根据大型公共建筑的能耗特点及严寒地区的地域特点,从建筑规划设计、建筑围护结构、暖通空调、其他设备、新能源的利用以及运行管理六个方面建立了ANP网络模型,构建了建筑能耗综合评价体系,并运用Super Decision软件计算各指标权重。通过该体系的建立,证实了该方法的实用性和有效性。     

公共建筑能耗动态监测与信息管理系统的建立、运行及预期效益分析

在建筑领域节能工作中,公共建筑能耗问题日益突出。建立公共建筑能耗动态监测与信息管理系统已成为当务之急。以新疆巴州TKD—EMS建筑能耗计量监测管理系统的建立和运行为例,对公共建筑能耗动态监测与信息管理系统的建立与运行进行介绍,并对其预期效益进行预估评价和分析。     

上海某公共建筑能耗分析及节能建议

公共建筑总体占比虽在城市建筑中不大,但能耗问题一直存在。通过对上海某公共建筑能耗调研及分析,对能耗进行了汇总、拆分及专项检测,并结合走访、问询、数据分析等对建筑能耗提出了合理化建议及节能改进措施以供借鉴和参考。     

公共建筑能耗监测与节能分析

通过公共建筑的分项计量装置进行其能耗实时监测并将数据上传至能耗监测平台,选取6栋建筑的一周能耗分项数据,对其照明用电和空调用电进行了逐日分析,并选出典型日的空调能耗进行了研究.找出各建筑的用能规律,发现建筑能耗中存在的问题并提出相应的节能建议.     

上海市《公共建筑节能设计标准》分析

对上海市《公共建筑节能设计标准》(DGJ08-107-2004)和其它建筑节能设计标准作了简单分析与比较。并针对节能设计的现状提出了一些建议,认为对于一些成熟有效的节能措施应通过节能设计标准的规定性条文加以推广。     

寒冷地区学校建筑季节能耗相关差异性分析

利用能耗模拟软件计算一所寒冷地区学校教学楼的季节能耗,并与除无寒暑假外其他运行条件均相同的对比建筑比较,比对两个建筑由于存在运行时间的差异而导致的供冷、供热需求以及季节能耗分项占比差异,得出以下结论 :寒冷地区学校建筑加强外围护结构的保温性能是降低冬季能耗的重点,提高夏季热回收装置的效率是降低夏季能耗的重点;其设计热负荷的数值仍应按常规计算方法确定,设计冷负荷的数值可低于常规方法计算数值,降低率可取7%。     

济南市某综合写字楼能源消耗分析

为研究确定济南市大型公共建筑能源消耗状况,以济南某综合写字楼为研究对象,通过调研、现场实测、走访、查阅资料对项目水耗、燃气消耗、供暖热力消耗、电力消耗进行了详细地统计分析,得到了大楼单位建筑面积水耗指标、单位人员桶装水消耗指标、日均燃气消耗指标、单位建筑面积冬季空调热力消耗指标、单位建筑面积耗电指标以及单位建筑面积一次总能耗指标及其组分进行了统计分析。     

芬兰低能耗建筑物

1993～1998年间,芬兰国家技术研究中心VTT建筑技术研究所在若干企业的协助下进行了一项名为RAKET的低能耗建筑物研发项目。他们按计划修建了系列独户住宅、3套公寓建筑、一座太阳房和一栋办公楼。据VTT建筑技术研究所计划主任MarkkuVirtanen教授说,上述建筑基于如下特点具有低能耗与优良的居住舒适性:1.墙壁、地板与房顶等外围护结构具有优异的隔热性,2.现代高能效窗,3.具备热回收功能的机械通风系统,4.精心建造以保证建筑的气密效果。通风与气密的重要性。Virtanen指出,外围护与低U值窗的有效隔热再加上具备热回收能力的通风设备对建…     

Estimating nonprocess energy from building energy consumption

From this research, an important technique for estimating the nonprocess energy (also known as overhead energy) in industrial and manufacturing buildings was examined. The building energy data for six industrial facilities were collected over multiple months in which production varied over these months. This technique then used a regression of monthly building energy or utilities' use versus monthly production rate. The nonprocess energy was estimated for each facility as the energy extrapolated to zero production in these regression models. The range of monthly production data was also used to determine a midpoint or average production at each facility and the corresponding average total building energy (process and nonprocess). The energy at zero production, as a percentage of the midpoint production energy, was thus the nonprocess energy percentage. In addition, the zero production power intensity (in watts per square meter) was compared to industry average nonprocess energy intensities (heating, cooling, lighting, and ventilation) to interpret the nature and possible improvement in nonprocess energy.     

A review on the prediction of building energy consumption

The energy performance in buildings is influenced by many factors, such as ambient weather conditions, building structure and characteristics, the operation of sub-level components like lighting and HVAC systems, occupancy and their behavior. This complex situation makes it very difficult to accurately implement the prediction of building energy consumption. This paper reviews recently developed models for solving this problem, which include elaborate and simplified engineering methods, statistical methods and artificial intelligence methods. Previous research work concerning these models and relevant applications are introduced. Based on the analysis of previous work, further prospects are proposed for additional research reference.     

重庆市某大型酒店建筑能耗及节能措施分析

介绍重庆市某大型酒店空调系统的使用概况和负荷特征,分析该酒店建筑的能耗情况,提出降低该酒店建筑能耗的一些可行的技术和管理措施及建议。     

居住区节能建筑供热设计热指标分析

根据对居住区内有代表性特点的建筑物的实测数据 ,分析整理出居住区的住宅楼、小学教学楼、百货商场的供热指标和供暖设计热指标。进一步分析导出了居住区供暖与热水供应综合热指标。同时 ,根据民用建筑节能设计标准的要求 ,分析调整了节能型住宅的控制热指标。     

Effect of building regulation on energy consumption in residential buildings in Korea

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the energy demand for the building sector constituted about 25.3% of the final energy use in South Korea. The energy demand for residential buildings counts for 50.3% of the building sector and has also increased by 2.9 percent every year. The Korean government has shifted focus and is now promoting energy efficiency within the building sector and has set long-term energy conservation goals.Despite these efforts to minimize building energy, the Korean government has changed the building regulation to allow remodeling of the balcony space as a living space. Remodeling the balcony space to become an indoor space means that a buffer space for the outdoor environment is lost, causing thermal discomfort and discomfort glare and moreover, increasing the heating and cooling energy demand in residential buildings. Also, it results in an increase in building energy demand in South Korea.In this study, the effect of the alteration of balcony space on the indoor thermal environment and the heating and cooling energy demand of residential buildings in Korea were investigated by field measurement and simulation. From the measurement results, the indoor temperature of the condition without a balcony was 0.8 °C lower than that with a balcony. The heating and cooling load of the unit without the balcony space was 39% and 22% higher, respectively, than that of the unit with the balcony space. This increase results in considerable energy loss in the national scale and the ratio will be 0.3% of the final energy use in Korea. Also, it represents about 1.3% of the final energy use within the building sector of Korea.     

Simple tool to evaluate the impact of daylight on building energy consumption

This paper presents a simple building simulation tool for integrated daylight and thermal analysis. The tool is capable of importing the thermal and visual properties for different glazings and shading positions from the Window Information System (WIS) program. A coupled ray-tracing and radiosity methodology is used to derive the daylight levels for different sky conditions. Both detailed daylight distribution for a particular day and time and hourly discrete values on a yearly basis may be obtained. For an integrated simulation the hourly daylight levels are fed into an existing simple thermal simulation program capable of calculating energy demand and the indoor environment. Straightforward control systems for general and task lighting systems have been implemented together with a shading control strategy that adjusts the shading according to the indoor operative temperature, the risk of glare and the profile angle of the sun. The implemented daylight calculation method allows for shades from the window recess and overhang, and for distant shades blocking the sky vault. Comparisons with the ray-tracing program Radiance show that the accuracy of this approach is adequate for predicting the energy implications of photoresponsive lighting control. The amount of input is small, which makes the tool useful for integrated daylight optimisation in the early design process.     

Evaluation of the impact of the surrounding urban morphology on building energy consumption

Empirical models of minimum (T_min), average (T_avg) and maximum (T_max) air temperature for Singapore estate have been developed and validated based on a long-tem field measurement. There are three major urban elements, which influence the urban temperature at the local scale. Essentially, they are buildings, greenery and pavement. Other related parameters identified for the study, such as green plot ratio (GnPR), sky view factor (SVF), surrounding building density, the wall surface area, pavement area, albedo are also evaluated to give a better understanding on the likely impact of the modified urban morphology on energy consumption.The objective of this research is to assess and to compare how the air temperature variation of urban condition can affect the building energy consumption in tropical climate of Singapore. In order to achieve this goal, a series of numerical calculation and building simulation are utilized. A total of 32 cases, considering different urban morphologies, are identified and evaluated to give better a understanding on the implication of urban forms, with the reference to the effect of varying density, height and greenery density. The results show that GnPR, which related to the present of greenery, have the most significant impact on the energy consumption by reducing the temperature by up to 2 °C. The results also strongly indicate an energy saving of 4.5% if the urban elements are addressed effectively.