汽车驱动桥传动效率试验台的研制及测试

研发了一种专门用于汽车驱动桥传动效率测试的试验台。使用该试验台进行测试分析,可以明确影响驱动桥传动效率的关键因素,发现各因素对驱动桥传动效率的影响规律,从而找到提高驱动桥传动效率的有效途径,这对于提高汽车动力性和燃油经济性具有十分重要的意义。该试验台采用模块化结构设计,具有安装简便、调整方便、自动化程度高的特点。该试验台采用直接转矩控制来进行转矩和转速控制,利用谐波传动和行星传动技术实现了动态加载,利用直流母线技术实现了系统功率封闭。测试结果表明:该试验台测试结果准确,完全满足驱动桥传动效率的测试要求。     

双输入减速器试验台结构设计及试验分析

介绍了双输入减速器的结构及传动原理,得出其试验台所要解决的问题所在。通过排布试验台结构、机械设计计算和有限元结构分析的方法,得到试验台关键零件的尺寸和整体结构。通过对减速器的试验,比较3种输入方法所得的传动效率曲线,验证了试验台试验的合理性。     

重型汽车驱动桥传动效率试验台及方法研究

为满足重型汽车驱动桥传动效率试验需求,设计了重型汽车驱动桥传动效率试验台。介绍了试验台的结构、原理及关键部件设计。针对国内暂时没有重型汽车驱动桥传动效率行业试验标准的问题,参考试验标准QC/T533—1999《汽车驱动桥台架试验方法》和QC/T568.1—2011《汽车机械式变速器总成台架试验方法第1部分:微型》,结合我国重型汽车驱动桥实际工况,提出一种重型汽车驱动桥传动效率试验方法,并对某重型汽车驱动桥进行了传动效率试验,试验证明该试验台控制精度和测量精度较高,完全能满足重型汽车驱动桥传动效率试验要求。     

变齿厚渐开线齿轮包络环面蜗杆副性能测试

分析了变齿厚渐开线齿轮包络环面蜗杆传动的啮合特性,设计制造了传动副减速器样机,搭建了传动精度试验台和电封闭传动性能试验台,进行了减速器样机的传动精度、传动效率及承载能力等性能试验.分析结果表明:减速器样机传动精度的正反转传动误差分别为139.6"和257.2",样机具有较高的传动精度;传动副减速器样机正反转的最大传动效率分别为66.84％和60.32％,均能达到油温平衡;传动副齿面接触斑点分布与理论分析结果一致,验证了分析方法的正确性.     

静液传动混合动力车辆模拟试验台设计

静液传动混和动力车辆模拟试验台是静液传动混和动力车辆应用基础研究的重要工具.根据模拟试验台的研究内容对试验台中液压系统、机械系统、控制系统和软件系统的设计方案进行了介绍.对模拟试验台的不足的改进和进一步功能扩展提出了展望.     

偏心螺旋传动装置的试验研究

介绍偏心螺旋传动试验台的结构、偏心螺旋传动装置实际导程及传动效率的测定。试验表明 ,偏心螺旋传动实际导程远小于几何导程 ,其传动效率介于普通螺旋传动和滚珠螺旋传动之间     

基于创新能力培养的机械传动方案综合设计试验台的研究与开发

阐述了机械传动方案综合设计试验台的设计目的和设计思想，论证了通过开设机械传动方案综合设计实验与培养学生的创新能力、实践能力之间的关系，对试验台的组成原理、试验台的测试原理、试验台的功能等方面进行了详细的分析与介绍。该试验台能完成传动方案的效率测试以及一般传动机械产品的性能参数测试，并实现了计算机辅助测试和控制。     

齿轮传动效率的试验研究

在试验台静态及动态载荷特性条件下 ,具体分析了试验台的静态标定和齿轮传动效率的测定方法 ,提供了在不同加载情况下传动效率的计算方式 ,并根据普通渐开线齿轮的试验数据 ,对本方法进行了验证和分析。     

电动换挡执行机构传动效率试验研究

搭建了电动换挡执行机构传动效率试验台,利用该试验台,分别对换挡执行机构在定执行时间变负载和变执行时间定负载2种工况条件下的平均传动效率进行了试验研究。通过对2种工况下蜗轮蜗杆、齿轮齿扇和整体传动平均传动效率试验结果的研究分析发现:蜗轮蜗杆和整体传动的平均传动效率较低,齿轮齿扇的平均传动效率较高;转速对平均传动效率影响较小,转矩对平均传动效率影响较大,且随着转矩的增加而增加。     

传动机构多功能试验台设计与应用研究

介绍一种电封闭传动机械多功能试验台的工作原理、技术设计及其特点。该试验台对一般参数的传动机械产品进行性能测试和疲劳寿命试验,并实现了计算机辅助测试和计算机自动控制,具有较高的自动化程度。     

低温密封酸溶——高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中50个微量元素的评价

The method based on the determination of trace elements in geological samples by sector high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with mixed acid digestion procedure has been evaluated. The evaluation show that the results of 29 elements including Li, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Y, Cs, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, W, Tl, Bi, Th and U are satisfactory; V, Sr, Nb, Mo, In, Sb, Ba and Pb are acceptable; Sc, Cd, Hf, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ge and Sn have of large deviations, Be, Ta, Zr, As and Se are worse.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定茶叶中42种元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法（IcP—Ms）标准模式和优化的碰撞池模式（CCT）结合同时测定茶叶中Li、Be、Mg、Al、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Se、Sr、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Sb、Cs、Ba、Tl、Pb、Bi和16种稀土元素共42种元素的方法。样品经过微波消解,以Ge、In、Re为内标消除基体干扰,通过碰撞池技术消除多原子质谱干扰测定上述元素。对于所测元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0．9990,回收率范围为90％-110％,相对标准偏差为0．22％-3．97％,大部分元素检出限均小于0．5μg·kg^-1。该方法简便、省时、准确、灵敏度高,适用于实际样品的检测。     

Huge clusters of embryonic stem cells in human embryos: A morphologic study

Background: Nothing is known about huge clusters (HC) of embryonic stem cells (ESC) in human fetal organs (HFO). Aim: To know the status of HC‐ESC in HFO. Methods: Morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 32 HFO of 7–40 gestational weeks (GW). Results: HC‐ESC were seen in many HFO including central nervous system, spinal cords, spine, soft tissue, bone, skin, thyroid, lung, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, extrahepatic bile duct, adrenal, kidney, bladder, foregut, midgut, hindgut, female and male genital organs, and neurons. HC‐ESC's were composed of two populations depending on constituting cells. One were large cells with ample acidophilic cytoplasms with vesicular nuclei and nucleoli. The other were small cells with scant cytoplasm with hyperchromatic nuclei without nucleoli, resembling lymphocytes. The HC‐ESC were frequently showed neuronal differentiation. HC‐ESC were positive for NCAM, synaptophysin, NSE, chromogranin, PDGFRA, AFP, ErbB2, bcl‐2, KIT, MET. They were negative for CD45, CD3, CD20, EMA, CEA, CA19‐9, cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK8, CK18, CK19, MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. The mean Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) was 13% ± 7%. HC‐ESC showed a little glycogen but lacked mucins. These HC‐ESC were seen in 7–25 GW, and they were rarely seen in 26–40 GW. Conclusions: The morphology, IHC, and ontogeny of HC‐ESC were described. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:825–831, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

ICP-MS顺次分析鸡蛋壳中微量元素

本研究基于顺次电离质谱分析技术,发展了一种直接质谱分析方法分析鸡蛋蛋壳中微量元素。在仅需少量样品预处理的条件下,分别用水和5%稀硝酸作为洗脱液,对鸡蛋壳中水溶性微量元素组分和酸溶性微量元素组分进行顺次提取,然后在线传输至ICP-MS进行分析。该方法可在10 min内实现单个样品中15种微量元素水溶性组分和酸溶性组分的顺次分析,具有仅需少量样品预处理、分析速度快、样品消耗量小等优点。采用顺次电离质谱分析方法考察了赣州土鸡蛋、赣州营养鸡蛋、赣州草鸡蛋、毛庵村毛氏土鸡蛋、吉安泰和土鸡蛋的蛋壳小头、中部和大头3个部位上15种微量元素的水溶性和酸溶性组分信息。结果表明,鸡蛋蛋壳上微量元素的含量、形态和分布可构成一个完整的“指纹谱”,不同种类鸡蛋壳的微量元素“指纹谱”具有显著区别,该“指纹谱”在鉴别鸡蛋种类、判定鸡蛋质量方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

Identification of novel,non-edible oil seeds via scanning electron microscopy as potential feedstock for green synthesis of biodiesel

In the present era, environmental glitches associated with extensive emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and energy crises caused by exhausting fossil fuel reservoirs has diverted researcher's interest toward alternative and renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable, and sustainable alternative to petro-diesel. Biodiesel synthesized from non-edible seed oils is preferred due its cost effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. Hence, our present study focused on investigation and identification of micromorphological characters of six novel, non-edible seed oil feedstock for biodiesel production via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results of light microscopy of seeds revealed distinct variation in seed size (15.8–1.8 mm in length and 9.4–1.1 in width), shape (round to Cuneiform), and color (from black to yellowish green). Non-edible seed oil content fall in range of 28–38% (wt/wt). Free fatty acid (FFA) content varied from 0.56 to 2.06 mg KOH/g. Multivariate analysis was performed to investigate correlation between three significant variables of seed oil yielding feedstock such as potential for biodiesel synthesis, oil content, and FFA content via principal component analysis. Ultra morphological investigation of seeds surfaces via SEM exhibited distinctive variation in surface sculpturing, cell arrangement, cell shape, periclinal wall shape, margins, protuberances, and anticlinal wall shape. Seed surface sculpturing varied from reticulate, semitectate, wrinkled, rugose, papillate, perforate, and striate. Periclinal wall arrangements confirmed variation from glabrous, raised, depressed, elevated, smooth, pentagonal, entire, and ripple margins. Whereas, anticlinal walls pattern demonstrated variation from angular, smooth, wavy, deep, dentate, entire, irregular, puzzled, elongated, curved, and depressed. Finally, it was concluded from obtained results that SEM could be a possible useful tool in disclosing veiled micromorphological characters of non-edible oil yielding seeds, which provides useful information to researchers for their correct, authentic identification, and classification in modern synthetic system.     

食品质地分析

质地测试是评价食品原材料及加工食品的机械物理特性的一种成熟方法,并常用于食品加工前后的质量控制。质地测试基本适用于各类食品,包括烘烤品、谷类、糖果、点心、奶制品、水果、蔬菜、凝胶、肉类、家禽、鱼类、意大利面,甚至是宠物食品。本文分别介绍了目前手动、自动化以及全程软件控制的食品质地分析测试仪器。     

The Book Corner

Abstract

Capillary Electrophoresis Theory and Practice, Second Edition, P. Camilleri, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1997, 552 pp., $129.95.

Handbook of Analytical Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Toxicology, S. H. Y. Wong, I. Sunshine, eds., CRC Press, 1997, 354 pp., $79.95.

Basic HPLC and CE of Biomolecules, R. L. Cunico, K. M. Gooding, T. Wehr, Bay Bioanalytical Laboratory, Inc., Richmond, CA, 1998, 388 pp., $39.95.

Handbook of Chiral Chemicals, David J. Ager, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1999, 382 pp.     

一种多功能耕整机的研发

介绍了一种多功能耕整机的研发,该机结构新颖,水旱通用,主要功能有培土、旋耕等,操作轻便,田间机动性好,能爬坡、走田埂和过沟,适宜山区、丘陵、旱地、水田、果园、菜园等场合的农耕作业,且能一机多用,经济耐用,效率高.     

Mice embryology: A microscopic overview

In this work, we studied the embryology of mice of 12, 14, and 18 days of gestation by gross observation, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Grossly, the embryos of 12 days were observed in C‐shaped region of the brain, eye pigmentation of the retina, first, second, and third pharyngeal arches gill pit nasal region on the fourth ventricle brain, cervical curvature, heart, liver, limb bud thoracic, spinal cord, tail, umbilical cord, and place of the mesonephric ridge. Microscopically, the liver, cardiovascular system and spinal cord were observed. In the embryo of 14 days, we observed structures that make up the liver and heart. At 18 days of gestation fetuses, it was noted the presence of eyes, mouth, and nose in the cephalic region, chest and pelvic region with the presence of well‐developed limbs, umbilical cord, and placenta. Scanning electron microscopy in 18 days of gestation fetuses evidenced head, eyes closed eyelids, nose, vibrissae, forelimb, heart, lung, kidney, liver, small bowel, diaphragm, and part of the spine. The results obtained in this work describe the internal and external morphology of mice, provided by an integration of techniques and review of the morphological knowledge of the embryonic development of this species, as this animal is of great importance to scientific studies. Microsc. Res. Tech. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

ICP-AES技术应用的研究进展

ICP-AES分析技术以其快速、准确、灵敏等特点,广泛应用于环境、地矿、冶金、生物、食品、石油、医学检验等领域中的多元素分析,其分析技术和仪器已日益完善。本文根据ICP-AES分析技术热点领域的应用,重点总结了近年来ICP-AES在环境水体样品、地矿样品、冶金样品、生物样品及食品样品分析中的应用研究进展,并对其发展历程、方法原理、优缺点及发展前景作了简要的论述与展望。