Nd对喷射成形Mg-9Al-3Zn-6.5Ca-0.6Mn镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM & EDS)和X-ray衍射分析仪等研究了Nd对喷射成形Mg-9Al-3Zn-6.5Ca-0.6 Mn镁合金组织及力学性能的影响.喷射沉积坯晶粒细小,以α-Mg、Al2Ca和Ca2Mg6Zn3为主要物相.挤压后以α-Mg、Al2Ca和MgZn2为主要物相.加入Nd主要形成Al3Nd相,新相成片状;当Nd含量为2%时,挤压态合金的力学性能最佳,伸长率无明显变化,拉伸断口基本上为断裂,有少量的韧窝.     

Al-5.87Zn-2.07Mg-2.42Cu合金形变热处理过程的组织与性能演变

通过维氏硬度试验、力学性能试验以及透射电镜观察,研究了Al-5.87Zn-2.07Mg-2.42Cu合金在最终形变热处理(固溶—预时效—变形—终时效)过程中的组织演变和力学性能,并优化出最适宜的工艺制度。结果表明,Al-5.87Zn-2.07Mg-2.42Cu合金最适宜的形变热处理工艺为480℃/1 h+100℃/8 h+30%+120℃/10 h。100℃/8 h预时效处理后,合金基体内弥散析出大量细小的沉淀相。经30%冷变形引入位错后进行120℃/10 h终时效处理,析出相数量增多且尺寸增大。最终形变热处理后合金的硬度、抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为200 HV、645 MPa和621MPa,分别比T6态合金的增加了19 HV、67 MPa和110 MPa。     

石墨对Cu-12Al-6Ni粉末合金组织和性能影响

研究了石墨的添加对Cu-12Al-6Ni粉末合金组织和性能影响。结果表明：随着石墨含量增加,合金中的孔隙、Al4Cu9和NiAl相逐渐增多;合金的烧结密度、硬度和抗拉强度随着石墨的增加逐渐减小,而合金的摩擦因数和磨损量都先增大后减小,当石墨含量为0.5%时磨损达到最大,当石墨含量为1%时摩擦因数达到最大,当石墨添加2%时,磨损量比不添加石墨合金降低了约32%。     

热处理对超高强铝合金沉积坯微观组织的影响

以喷射沉积技术制备的Al-12Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.20Zr-0.30Sc-0.30Ni合金沉积坯为研究对象,采用DSC、XRD、SEM和TEM等分析手段对沉积坯在不同温度下热处理后的微观组织演变进行了研究.结果表明:室温沉积坯基体中有大量η相粒子;在不同热处理制度下溶质元素会发生回溶或脱溶,从而影响合金组织与性能;在460℃/8h热处理时,依附于富Cu初始η相粒子形成了亚稳态T((Al,Zn)49Mg32)相,该相在490℃/8h热处理后消失;490℃/8h热处理时Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子从沉积坯二次析出,其"钉扎效应"与Cu回溶造成的"晶格畸变"是490℃/8h时沉积坯硬度达到最高值(192HV)的重要影响因素.     

冷却速度对Zn--5 Al--0.1 RE--x Si合金显微组织及耐蚀性能的影响

运用扫描电子显微镜/能谱仪、X射线衍射、盐雾实验、电极化曲线等手段,研究冷却速度和Si对Zn-5Al-0.1RE合金组织及耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金由先析出的η-Zn和η-Zn+α-Al共晶组织组成,前者均匀分布在相邻的η-Zn+α-Al共晶胞的边界上.降低冷却速度和Si的加入,均使Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金单位面积的晶粒增大,晶界减少,合金耐蚀性能提高.Zn-5Al-0.1RE-xSi合金耐蚀性能的差异与合金凝固组织及合金腐蚀产物中Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂·H₂O和ZnO的相对量有关.      

添加微量锆、铒对铸造Al-8.25Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等方法研究了微量Er和压元素对Al-8.25Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu合金铸锭组织的细化作用及其细化机制,同时考察了微合金化元素对试验合金力学性能的影响.结果表明:单独添加Zr对Al-8.25Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu合金铸锭组织有一定的细化作用,而复合添加Zr和Er则对Al-8.25Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu合金铸锭组织产生强烈的细化效果,分析表明其细化效应与合金凝固过程中Al8Cu4Er相、Al3Er相和Al3Zr等复合质点的析出及微量元素在凝固界面前沿的富集有关.经过T6处理,Al-8.25Zn-2.4Mg-2.3Cu-0.18Zr-0.40E哈金的抗拉强度σb为600 MPa;延伸率达到8%.与7075合金相比,试验合金的强度与塑性均获得大幅度提高.     

Nd对Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响

研究稀土Nd对均匀化态Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响.通过真空感应熔炼制备镁锂合金铸锭, 经均匀化处理(280 ℃, 24 h)得到均匀化态Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-xNd-0.2Zr(x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5)合金.采用XRD和SEM分析合金的显微组织, 并对合金进行拉伸试验和断口分析.采用电化学法和析氢失重法研究合金在3.5 %NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金主要含有β-Li、AlLi、MgLi₂Al相, Nd的加入使合金中形成NdAl3相.随着Nd含量的增加, 合金的强度和塑性呈先增大后降低的趋势. Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-1Nd-0.2Zr合金表现出较优的力学性能, 其抗拉强度和延伸率相对于Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金分别提高了28.8 %和51.3 %.稀土Nd的添加使合金的耐蚀性能提高.      

Hastelloy G3管材热挤压模具磨损有限元分析

基于修正的Archard磨损模型,利用DEFORM-2D有限元软件分析了镍基耐蚀合金(Hastelloy G3)管材热挤压成形时挤压工艺参数对模具磨损的影响规律.结果表明,挤压模具的磨损主要集中在锥模出口处.模具最大磨损深度随着挤压速度、坯料预热温度的升高而降低,随摩擦因数的增大而升高.模具表面磨损深度随着模角的增大而升高.最佳热挤压工艺参数是:挤压速度200mm.s-1,坯料预热温度1180℃,摩擦因数0.05,界面换热系数5N.mm-1.s-1.℃-1.此时,模具最大磨损深度为0.0515mm,模具可重复使用20次.     

固溶温度对挤压态Mg-13Al-6Zn-4Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用不同的固溶温度对挤压态Mg-13Al-6Zn-4Cu(质量分数,%)合金进行热处理,然后在(150℃/10 h)条件下进行时效处理,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析、维氏硬度与极化曲线测试,研究固溶温度对挤压态合金显微组织、硬度与腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:固溶处理促进晶界处的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相充分溶入α-Mg基体中。提高固溶温度使基体晶粒再结晶长大,逐渐缩小T-MgAlCuZn相心部的Cu元素富集区,改变β析出相的形态和分布,促进层片状β相在α-Mg晶界析出,从而提高时效态合金的硬度。但固溶温度超过420℃时,合金晶粒粗化并发生过烧。固溶温度升高导致合金腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流增大,腐蚀速率加快。     

喷射成型Zn60Al32Cu2Si6微观形貌及耐磨性能的研究

采用喷射成型工艺制备了成分为Zn60Al32Cu2Si6的高铝锌铝合金,并利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等对合金的物相组成、微观形貌及磨损形貌进行了表征,利用摩擦磨损试验机对合金的耐磨性能进行了研究。结果表明:沉积态合金主要由过饱和的富铝相α′、富锌相η、硅相和沉淀强化相-εCuZn4组成,没有出现粗大的树枝晶,无严重偏析现象,且含有大量的共析层片状组织。挤压时效初期合金有典型的时效硬化特性,但是后期由于发生四相反应α+ε→Τ′+η,硬度反而下降,后期合金的组织为富铝相α、富锌相η、硅相和少量的T′。与铸造态相比,喷射成型制备的合金的耐磨性能有所增加,摩擦系数与磨损量都显著降低。     

Effect of Tin on the Wear Properties of Spray Formed Al–17Si Alloy

In the present study, the effect of Sn on the dry sliding wear behavior of spray formed and hot pressed Al–17Si alloy as a function of applied load and sliding speed has been investigated and compared with that of as-cast alloy. The microstructure of spray formed Al–17Si alloy consists of fine and uniformly distributed Si particles and that of Al–17Si–10Sn alloy consists of fine and uniform dispersion of Si particles and ultra-fine Sn particles in α-Al matrix. Coarse and segregated microstructures were observed in as-cast alloys. The wear resistance of spray formed alloys is higher than that of as-cast alloys. The wear resistance of as-cast Al–17Si–10Sn alloy is higher than that of as-cast Al–17Si alloy. The high wear resistance of spray formed Al–17Si–10Sn alloy is discussed in the light of its microstructural features and the nature of worn-out surfaces.     

Effect of processing techniques on the mechanical and wear properties of Al-20Si alloy

In the present investigation, the mechanical and wear properties of Al-20Si alloy processed by spray casting and vertical centrifugal casting processes have been evaluated and compared. In spray casting process the melt was gas atomized and the spray-deposited over a copper substrate. The spray-deposit exhibited considerable porosity and subjected to hot isostatic pressing to reduce the porosity from 19 to 2%. The centrifugal casting process provided cylindrical shaped preform with characteristically low porosity. The microstructure of spray cast alloy showed ultra fine and uniformly distributed primary and eutectic Si particles in the Al matrix. In contrast, a coarse polyhedral shaped morphology of the primary Si phase was observed in the microstructure of the centrifugal cast alloy. The wear rate of spray cast alloy was invariably lower than that of centrifugal cast alloy. The room temperature tensile and hardness tests of spray cast alloy showed considerable improvement in its strength, ductility and hardness over that of centrifugal cast alloy. The improvement in wear properties of spray cast alloy is discussed in the light of its microstructural modification induced by spray casting and nature of debris particles generated during wear testing.     

Shape, wear & mechanical properties of spray formed hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys

Manufacturing process through spray forming leads to give near-net-shape and fine grain microstructure. In this process Si particles, which are not distributed uniformly in conventional casting process, are distributed uniformly throughout the casting. In the present study disc shape spray form castings were made of Al-6.91Si and Al-10.1Si alloys, and then their shape, wear and mechanical properties were studied. The shape of the deposit was observed to be the most uniform at 30o inclination angle of the substrate. The hardness and tensile strength value of spray formed alloys shows the increment in the mechanical property in contrast to as cast alloys. The wearing properties of Al-10.1Si alloy were found to be better than that of the Al-6.91Si alloy.     

热处理对激光选区熔化TC4钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了激光选区熔化(SLM) TC4钛合金沉积态和退火态显微组织的特征及其对力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:合金组织沿激光选区熔化成形高度方向呈现外延生长,形成柱状晶,晶内存在大量的针状马氏体α’相。退火后,晶内的针状α’相转变为α+β板条组织。随着退火温度的升高,组织中α相含量逐渐降低,α片层逐渐粗化,β相含量逐渐升高;室温拉伸强度逐渐降低,塑性逐渐升高,显微硬度逐渐降低。经过800℃×2 h/FC退火热处理后,激光选区熔化成形TC4钛合金具有最佳的强度与塑性匹配。     

三种易切削Al—Mg—Si合金铸态下的组织与性能

采用金相试验方法、力学性能测试、切削实验对三种铸态下的易切削Al—Mg—Si合金进行比较,并对合金进行扫描电子显微分析和能谱分析。研究结果表明：两种不含铅的Al—Mg—Si合金均能代替传统的6262合金;合金中添加的Sn、Bi和Mg元素在晶界处偏聚形成的Mg2Sn＋sn和Mg3Bi2＋Bi低熔点共晶体使得合金具有良好的切削性能。     

Effect of Rare Earths on Microstructure and Properties of TiC-based Cermet／Cu Alloy Composite Wear Resistant Materials

The effect of rare earth (RE) oxide on the microstructure and properties of TiC-based cermet/Cu alloy composite hardfacing materials was investigated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), impact test and wear test. The mechanism of RE oxide for improving the phase structure and the impact toughness was also discussed. The experimental results indicate that the microstructure of the matrix can be refined, and the micro- porous defects can be eliminated by adding RE oxide into the composite materials. The polycrystalline and amorphous phase structure is formed at the interface of cermet and matrix metal. The formed structure enhances the conjoint strength of interface. The frictional wear resistance can be improved obviously, although the microhardncss of the matrix metal can not be effectively increased by adding RE oxide.     

喷射成形高速钢T15喷余粉末的研究

本文是对喷射成形T15合金喷余粉末的组织和性能进行分析和研究,结果表明:T15喷余粉末的氧含量低,大部分粉末呈球形,表面较光滑;粉末表面和内部为胞晶组织,析出的碳化物尺寸细小,基本在0.5μm以下,主要为富钒的MC型碳化物和M2C型碳化物.T15喷余粉末粒度呈对数正态分布,并且具有良好的流动性、较高的松装密度和振实密度,粉末填充性和均匀性较好,有利于粉末包套和热等静压工艺的进行.     

Influence of alloying elements and grain refiner on microstructure,mechanical and wear properties of Mg-Al-Zn alloys

In the present investigation, the effects of alloying elements (Sn, Pb) and grain refiner (Ag, Zr) on microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of as-cast Mg-Al-Zn alloys were studied. The alloys were prepared through melting-casting route under a protective atmosphere and cast into a permanent mould. The microstructure of the base alloy consisted of α-Mg, Mg₁₇Al₁₂ continuous eutectic phase at the grain boundary and Mg-Zn phase was distributed within the grains. Addition of Sn and Pb suppressed the formation of continuous Mg₁₇Al₁₂ eutectic phase and formed Pb enriched Mg₂Sn precipitates at the grain boundary as well as inside the grain. The Ag and Zr addition to Mg-Al-Zn-Sn-Pb alloy suppressed the Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase formation and refined the grains leading to improve mechanical properties. Addition of Sn, Pb and grain refiner (Ag, Zr) significantly enhanced the tensile strength and elongation but reduced hardness. The Ag addition imparted best tensile properties, where ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation are 205?MPa and 8.0%, respectively. The fracture surfaces were examined under SEM which revealed cleavage facets and dimple formation. Therefore, the cleavage fracture and dimple rupture were considered as the dominant fracture mechanisms for developed Mg alloys. The cumulative volume loss of Mg alloys increased with sliding distance and applied load. The coefficient of friction decreased with sliding distance. The microscopic observation, analysis of the wear surface and coefficient of friction revealed that the wear mechanism of developed Mg alloys changes from abrasion oxidation to delamination wear.     

Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Cold Rolled Spray Cast Al–6Si Alloy

In the present investigation, dry sliding wear behavior of spray cast Al–6Si alloy in both as-sprayed and different cold rolled reductions have been studied as a function of applied load. The spray cast preform was cold rolled to increase its densification. The preform showed equiaxed grain morphology containing some irregular pores and these were almost eliminated by the cold rolling. The improved wear properties of cold rolled spray cast alloy are discussed on the basis of microstructural features at different rolling reductions and the nature of debris particles collected from wear test.     

冷轧道次变形率对TA18钛合金管材组织与拉伸性能的影响

改变冷轧道次变形率研究其对TA18钛合金管材组织和拉伸性能的影响。用金相显微镜观察了其微观组织形貌,用Instron 1185拉伸试验机测试了拉伸性能。结果表明:冷轧态TA18钛合金管材显微组织为纤维状;冷轧第三、四道次管材的晶粒取向程度弱于第一、二道次,抗拉强度和屈服强度较低,但延伸率大幅提高;经过750℃/90 min再结晶退火后所有TA18管材晶粒为等轴状晶粒,组织取向消失,同时由于细晶强化作用,使第一、二道次退火后的TA18钛合金管材保持了相对较高的强度和延伸率。由于第三、四道次冷加工态性拉伸能指标与第一、二道次退火态较为接近,因此存在通过连轧的方式来简化工艺流程的可能。