添加剂对非离子表面活性剂浊点的影响

研究了醇类、聚合物、离子型表面活性剂、有机复配物等添加剂对非离子表面活性剂浊点的影响,总结出几类添加剂对非离子表面活性剂浊点的影响规律。结果表明,有机醇对浊点的影响比较复杂,聚合物随着分子链的长短对浊点的影响而不同,离子型表面活性剂的加入会有效提高非离子表面活性剂的浊点。     

酯基Gemini型季铵盐表面活性剂与AEO9的复配体系研究

通过考察酯基Gem in i型季铵盐表面活性剂Ⅱ-10-n(n=3,4,6)与十二烷基聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO9)的复配体系的表面活性发现,复配体系的临界胶团总浓度CMCT值介于二元复配体系中各组分的临界胶团浓度CMC01和CMC02之间。当溶液中含有少量AEO9时(在溶液体相中的摩尔分数α2=0.1),混合胶团中AEO9的摩尔分数均已超过0.35;随着溶液中AEO9含量的增大,混合胶团中逐渐以AEO9为主成分。复配体系的混合胶团聚集数介于二元复配体系中各组分的胶团聚集数之间,随着溶液中酯基Gem in i型季铵盐表面活性剂含量的增加,混合胶团聚集数逐渐减少。     

不同溶液对地下水中甲基叔丁基醚溶解过程影响

采用实验室小型二维砂箱对地下水流动过程中甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)溶解过程进行模拟实验,主要考察了非离子型表面活性剂聚乙氧基油酸山梨糖醇(Tween80)、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与助溶剂乙醇对MTBE溶解过程的影响。结果表明,Tween80在其临界胶束浓度(CMC)以上能够对MTBE起到增溶的效果而且在所研究浓度范围存在最佳增溶浓度10g/L;低于临界胶束浓度条件下的SDBS并没有增强MTBE迁移反而会延缓MTBE的溶解;乙醇可以增大MTBE的溶出浓度,而且随着含量提高增溶效果加强。通过比较各种条件下最佳的MTBE累积去除率可以得出,当MTBE去除率达到80%之前,对MTBE溶解增强效果由大到小顺序依次为:非离子型表面活性剂Tween80> 助溶剂乙醇> 水> 阴离子表面活性剂SDBS;而去除率80%以后,增溶效果的顺序则为乙醇> Tween80> 水> SDBS。     

聚醚型非离子表面活性剂的浊点及其影响因素

总结了非离子表面活性剂浓度、外加聚合物、离子表面活性剂、无机电解质、助表面活性剂等对聚醚型非离子表面活性剂水溶液浊点的影响规律 ,发现聚合物由于其结构和分子量不同对浊点的影响也不同 ,一般可使浊点降低 ;加入离子表面活性剂可以和非离子表面活性剂形成混合胶束 ,从而使浊点升高 ;无机盐由于存在盐析和盐溶两种不同效应而对浊点的影响比较复杂 ;醇和有机酸等助表面活性剂根据其碳链的长短不同而影响浊点。这些规律对非离子表面活性剂的研究和应用有一定的指导意义。     

十二烷基聚氧乙烯(9)醚双水相体系萃取苯酚

采用十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)双水相胶束体系进行苯酚的萃取,考察Na2SO4和NaCl对质量浓度为50 g/L AEO9水溶液体系浊点的影响。结果表明,Na2SO4对浊点下降的影响比NaCl大,当盐的浓度均为0.6 mol/L,添加Na2SO4时浊点为28.5℃,而添加NaCl时为36.5℃。研究了无机盐(Na2SO4和NaCl)、普通离子型表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTAB和十二烷基硫酸钠SDS)和gemini型酯基季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂(Ⅱ-12-6)对苯酚萃取率E的影响。结果表明,盐的加入会使E下降,但Na2SO4对E的影响比NaCl要小;添加SDS使E下降,并随着n(SDS)∶n(AEO9)的增加而下降;而添加CTAB或Ⅱ-12-6均使E明显提高,且随着n(CTAB)∶n(AEO9)、n(Ⅱ-12-6)∶n(AEO9)的增加而进一步提高;但在同等条件下添加Ⅱ-12-6的E高于添加CTAB。     

表面活性剂对去血渍复合酶中蛋白酶活性的影响

研究了3种类型8种常用表面活性剂LAS,K12,AES,AOS,TX-10,6501,CAB以及AEO9对去血渍复合酶中蛋白酶活性的影响,表面活性剂浓度设定为0.2~0.8 g/L。结果表明:阴离子表面活性剂LAS,K12,AES和AOS在一般洗涤浓度0.2~0.5 g/L下对蛋白酶活性无明显影响,但在0.8 g/L的高浓度时表现出一定的抑制作用,其中LAS的抑制作用最大;非离子表面活性剂TX-10,6501和AEO9以及两性离子表面活性剂CAB在0.2~0.5 g/L浓度下的激活作用比较明显,这种激活作用随着浓度的继续增大至0.8 g/L而逐渐减弱。总体来说,阴离子表面活性剂在0.2~0.5 g/L浓度下能与去血渍复合酶中蛋白酶良好配伍,而非离子表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂在整个实验浓度下都能与去血渍复合酶中蛋白酶良好配伍。     

AEO6对铜CMP后清洗颗粒去除的影响

硅溶胶等残留颗粒是铜CMP后清洗需要去除的沾污之一.在FA/OⅡ螯合剂的协同作用下,对比了八种表面活性剂和四种添加剂对铜表面颗粒沾污去除的影响,表面活性剂包括阴离子型ALS、LABSA、MAP-K、LPS-30和非离子型AEO6、LEP-10、LDEA、APG1214,添加剂为硝酸钾、柠檬酸、乙二醇、枧油.并对表面活性剂和添加剂的浓度进行优化.清洗方式为使用PVA刷进行刷洗,清洗后通过金相显微镜检测剩余颗粒,扫描电镜观测铜表面形貌.实验得出颗粒去除效果较好的表面活性剂为AEO6,较佳的浓度为0.02 M.聚氧乙烯类表面活性剂与FA/OⅡ螯合剂的配伍效果较好.添加0.9wt％枧油可使AEO6清洗液的颗粒去除效果略微提升,枧油做复配的非离子表面活性剂.     

阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子表面活性剂的相互作用(Ⅱ)——稀溶液性质

介绍了阴离子表面活性剂与阳离子表面活性剂相互作用的稀溶液性质。在水溶液中,阴/阳离子表面活性剂混合体系因分子间极性基正/负离子的强静电吸引作用,易形成棒状胶束,浓度超过cmc后,可能发生聚集,出现浑浊、分相等情况,使用短链表面活性剂、引入聚氧乙烯链及非等摩尔复配在一定程度上可避免这种现象。均相阴/阳离子表面活性剂混合溶液,对非极性有机物的增溶存在增效作用,但对极性有机物的增溶能力则有可能下降;在一定浓度及混合比范围内还可能出现类似非离子表面活性剂的浊点效应。     

离子选择电极法分析非离子／阴离子表面活性剂体系

利用自制表面活性剂离子选择电极,采用电位滴定法测定了非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)混合溶液中的SDS浓度。当AEO9与SDS的摩尔比约小于2∶1时,可用此种方法定量测定混合体系中的SDS的浓度,与滴定单一SDS溶液的结果对照,相对误差在1%以内。     

十二烷基硫酸钠对非离子表面活性剂CM101浊点的影响

研究了阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对非离子表面活性剂CM101浊点的影响。结果表明:当SDS加入量为2%时,CM101的浊点提高到59.6℃,达到农药制剂热稳定性的要求。同时,该混合体系满足非理想二元表面活性剂复配增效的条件,表面张力和临界胶束浓度都有明显降低。     

Phase behavior and detergency study of lauryl alcohol ethoxylates with high ethylene oxide content

Nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates have been extensively used in many detergent applications, because of their high calcium ion tolerance, low critical micelle concentrations, and mildness. Although ethoxylates containing high ethylene oxide (EO) content (EO>10 moles) score higher than their low-FO counterparts on many of these desired properties, they have not been studied adequately in the context of detergency, primarily because their cloud points (CP) are higher than normal wash temperatures, typically >100°C, and thus cannot be measured. However, once the CP are manipulated appropriately using salting-out electrolytes, these surfactants can offer certain distinct advantages in terms of their molecular and phase structure. We have studied the phase structure and clouding behavior of tetradecyl ethylene-oxide mono dodecyl alcohol (C₁₂EO₁₄), a broad-range ethoxylate, as a function of the concentrations of various electrolytes. We found that, beyond a certain critical concentration, the CP decreases monotonically with increasing salt concentration. For sodium salts of various anions, the CP depression is inversely proportional to the lyotropic number of the anion. Similarly, for chloride salts of various cations, CP depression is inversely proporitional to the lyotropic number of the cation However, the effect of changing anion is stronger than that of changing cation. A micrograph of a water penetration scan at room temperature indicates the presence of isotropic L₁; hexagonal, isotropic L₂; and solid phases with increasing surfactant concentration. As is the case with low-FO nonionics, a maximum in detergency of model oily soils was found to correlate well with the minimum in oil/water interfacial tension when plotted vs. temperature. Ross Miles foam height increases with increasing concentration of salt.     

辛硫磷微乳剂浊点的影响因素分析

配制了10％辛硫磷微乳剂,研究了体系中复配表面活性剂、助表面活性剂及电解质对微乳剂浊点的影响.结果表明:可用浊点法筛选出HLB值较高的表面活性剂,再结合微乳剂性能指标确定出适合体系的复配表面活性剂.微乳剂的浊点随复配表面活性剂中非离子表面活性剂含量的增多而升高,但制剂冷贮稳定性能下降.助表面活性剂的种类和含量对微乳剂浊...     

非离子型表面活性剂的双水相性质及萃取作用

引　言双水相萃取技术是近年来发展很快的一种生物分离方法[1,2 ] .由于系统中分层的两相都是水相 ,所以该系统为物质的分离特别是生物活性物质的分离提供了温和的环境 .在免疫分析、生物转化等方面也具有良好的应用前景[3] .以往对双水相系统的开发利用基本上仅局限于高分子系     

水相和特殊介质中有序聚集体的结构、性质和应用（Ⅰ）——表面活性剂在水相和离子液体中的有序聚集体

首先介绍了表面活性剂溶液性质和各种聚集体结构,其中包括胶束、微乳液、囊泡和溶致液晶等,以及聚集规则———临界堆积参数等。同时介绍了表面活性剂在离子液体中形成的各种典型有序聚集结构,特别阐明在室温下表面活性剂在水溶液和离子液体中聚集形成的有序聚集体的异同点;另外还介绍了利用表面活性剂在离子液体中形成的聚集体作为模板制备微纳颗粒。     

Effect of hydrotropes on the aqueous solution behavior of surfactants

Aqueous solutions of surfactants—cationic: tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C₁₄TABr); anionic: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); and nonionic: polyoxyethylene t-octylphenol (trade name Triton X-102, also called OPE-8)— in the presence of three hydrotropes, viz., sodium xylene sulfonate, sodium p-toluene sulfonate, and sodium chlorobenzene sulfonate, were examined by measuring surface tension, viscosity, and cloud points for the nonionic surfactant. The results show a marked decrease in the critical micelle concentration with increase in hydrotrope concentration for C₁₄TABr, a marginal decrease for SDS, and very little change for OPE-8 up to 0.1 M hydrotrope. The viscosity of cationic surfactant solutions showed a remarkable increase in the presence of trace amounts of hydrotropes (up to 15 mM). In contrast, the SDS solution showed only a slight increase in viscosity at high hydrotrope concentration (150 mM), and the viscosity of the OPE-8 solution remained constant. The cloud point of OPE-8 increased in the presence of hydrotropes, unlike its behavior with the simple salt NaCl. The strong dependence of the solution behavior of cationic surfactants on the presence of hydrotropes is discussed in terms of electrostatic interaction.     

乙醇对AEO9水溶液的表面性质和相行为的影响

通过对稀溶液表面性能和浓溶液相行为的研究,探讨了乙醇对AEO9水溶液性能的影响。结果表明,随着乙醇用量的增加,AEO9在乙醇/水混合溶剂中的临界胶束浓度(cmc)增大,但cmc时的表面张力(γcmc)基本不变。三元相图中,在AEO9/乙醇一侧只有胶束溶液,没有液晶区出现;靠近AEO9/水一侧,随着AEO9含量的增加,由胶束溶液逐渐向六角相液晶和层状相液晶过渡。     

Effect of different additives on the cloud point of a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide block copolymer in aqueous solution

Cloud point studies on aqueous solutions of a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-polypropylene oxide-PEO triblock copolymer (Pluronic^® L64: EO₁₃PO₃₀EO₁₃, total m.w.=2900, PEO=40%; EO=ethylene oxide; PO=propylene oxide) in the presence of different additives show some interesting features. The effect of various inorganic salts was an increase or decrease in cloud point based on their salting in and salting out action and followed the Hofmeister lyotropic series. Nonelectrolytes and hydrotropes increased the cloud point by influencing water structure. Hydrotropes altered the cloud point of the copolymer at much lower concentrations than inorganic salts. Ionic surfactants produced a marked increase in the cloud point of copolymer solutions. The effect was greater for surfactants with greater hydrophobicity. Alcohols and other organic liquid additives that are infinitely miscible with water increase the cloud point of the copolymer, whereas additives that are partially miscible in water decrease the cloud point.     

液体洗涤剂组分对青霉脂肪酶活性的影响

研究了液体洗涤剂中常用的表面活性剂如LAS、SAS、AES、AOS、MES、烷基醇酰胺、APG、OB2 以及常用助剂如增溶剂、增稠剂、防腐剂等对青霉脂肪酶活性的影响 ,还研究了阳离子表面活性剂以及淀粉酶对青霉脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明 ,AES、MES、AOS对酶活的影响比LAS小 ,且AES与LAS复配有利于减低LAS对酶活的影响 ;烷基醇酰胺和AEO9、TX -10一样 ,对酶活的影响较小 ;APG和OB2 则有较大影响 ;阳离子表面活性剂在较低的浓度下对酶无影响 ,有的甚至还有激活作用。液体洗涤剂中的增溶剂、增稠剂、防腐剂等在配方浓度范围内对酶活影响不大 ;淀粉酶对青霉脂肪酶的活性几乎没有影响     

Effect of cefoperazone sodium on the physicochemical properties of surfactants

The effects of cefoperazone sodium (CS), a pharmaceutical compound, on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants with different charges [cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and Triton X-100], the cloud point of Triton X-100, and the Krafft temperatures of SDS and CTAB were studied. The interaction of CS with differently charged surfactants was determined by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results show that with increasing CS concentration, the Krafft temperature increases and the CMC decreases in the SDS/H₂O system, whereas the opposite results are obtained in the CTAB/H₂O system. Both the cloud point and the CMC of Triton X-100 increase with the addition of CS. The above results are attributed to the different micellar interactions between CS and surfactants with different charges.