pH值对高温高压水中304L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响

在高温高压水环境中,采用慢应变速率拉伸试验方法,研究了不同pH值对304L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响规律,并通过扫描电镜对试样断口形貌进行观察与分析.结果表明:在300℃时,304L不锈钢在弱酸性和弱碱性溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性较大,且酸性越强,敏感性越大.在中性溶液中,304L不锈钢的强度和塑性损失较小,应力腐蚀敏感性较小,断口分析与之吻合.     

时效制度对喷射成形7055铝合金抗应力腐蚀性能的影响

对喷射成形7055铝合金分别进行T6时效和双级时效处理,然后在空气和3.5%NaCl溶液中进行慢应变速率拉伸实验,测定时效处理后合金的电导率,用扫描电镜观察合金的断口形貌。研究7055铝合金在T6及3种不同双级时效态下在空气和3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂行为。结果表明:7055铝合金只在一定的应变速率下应力腐蚀敏感性明显;相同时效制度下,4种应变速率(1.3×10 6,0.8×10 6,0.5×10 6和0.2×10 6s 1)中,应变速率为0.5×10 6s 1时应力腐蚀敏感性大;T6态合金的抗应力腐蚀性能最差,二级时效时间达到15 h后合金对应力腐蚀不敏感;应变速率为0.5×10 6s 1时,喷射成形7055铝合金的应力腐蚀断口的断裂方式为准解理断裂,在惰性介质中慢应变速率拉伸断口断裂方式为韧窝断口。     

高温水环境下温度对316L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响

在高温水环境中,采用慢应变速率拉伸实验方法研究了温度对316 L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响规律,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)对试样断口形貌进行分析.结果表明:在高温水环境中,温度为200~345℃时316 L不锈钢具有应力腐蚀开裂敏感性;材料脆性指标随温度升高而增大,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增强,断口分析与之吻合;250℃是316 L不锈钢发生应力腐蚀开裂的敏感温度,断口边缘形貌呈现明显脆性断裂特征.     

预拉伸变形对Al-Cu-Mg合金腐蚀性能的影响

采用表面腐蚀、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)实验研究预拉伸变形对Al-Cu-Mg合金腐蚀性能的影响。利用扫描电镜观察分析Al-Cu-Mg合金断口形貌及结构。结果表明,预拉伸变形可显著提高合金位错密度,为H原子的扩散提供更多的通道,因此,在相同腐蚀时间下,3.5%NaCl溶液中T8态Al-Cu-Mg合金的腐蚀速率高于T6态。此外,预拉伸变形可显著增加S相弥散度,使得S相两侧的无沉淀析出带变窄,有效降低了晶界和晶内的电位差,从而降低晶界沉淀相的溶解速度,因此,在同一热处理状态下,Al-Cu-Mg合金在饱和H2S溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性高于干燥空气中的腐蚀开裂敏感性。同一应变速率下,T8态Al-Cu-Mg合金具有比T6态更好的抗应力腐蚀性能,表明预拉伸变形处理可显著提高合金的抗应力腐蚀性能。     

桥梁缆索热镀钢丝的应力腐蚀性能研究

作为大跨度桥梁的主要承载材料,桥梁缆索用热镀钢丝应具有良好的力学性能和抗应力腐蚀性能。钢丝强度不断提升,应力腐蚀敏感性也不断增加。热镀钢丝的抗应力腐蚀性能已成为影响高强度钢丝应用的关键参数之一。采用FIP试验和电化学方法,研究了强度等级和表面质量对热镀钢丝应力腐蚀敏感性的影响,并分析了应力腐蚀断口形貌。结果表明,1860 MPa级和2060 MPa级桥梁缆索用热镀钢丝的应力腐蚀断裂时间相当,但2060 MPa级钢丝的应力腐蚀时间更加离散;钢丝表面越粗糙,应力腐蚀敏感性越强;2060 MPa级钢丝表面采用800目砂纸打磨后,应力腐蚀断裂时间明显缩短。应力腐蚀断口形貌分为裂纹源区、裂纹扩展区和瞬断区,裂纹主要起源于表面。在现有成分体系和生产工艺条件下,2060 MPa级桥梁缆索用热镀钢丝应力腐蚀性能尚能满足应用要求,但更高强度钢丝的应力腐蚀性能有待于深入研究。     

两种超高强度合金的应力腐蚀开裂行为研究

超高强合金因其优越的力学性能广泛应用于承力构件如起落架等,40CrNi2Si2MoVA超高强度合金是继30CrMnSiNi2A之后研究出的新超高强度合金,其强度高于30CrMnSiNi2A,但是其在实际服役环境中的服役性能特别是应力腐蚀性能是否优于30CrMnSiNi2A,是决定其成功取代30CrMnSiNi2A应用的关键。采用双悬臂应力腐蚀实验研究了30CrMnSiNi2A及40CrNi2Si2MoVA两种超高强度合金在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂行为(SCC)。通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)对两种超高强度合金的形貌以及断口显微组织进行了分析。实验结果表明,30CrMnSiNi2A比40CrNi2Si2MoVA更早失效,其耐应力腐蚀性能较差。两种材料在NaCl溶液中容易出现裂纹并迅速扩展,裂纹横向扩展,并出现明显的分叉行为,不同取向试样对材料应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响较小。断口分析结果表明两种超高强度合金在应力和腐蚀介质的共同作用下发生失效,裂纹扩展前期主要为解理穿晶断口,裂纹扩展中后期为沿晶形貌。     

不同厚度铝合金试样的应力腐蚀开裂特性研究

鉴于试样厚度对2024-T351铝合金材料的应力腐蚀开裂门槛值KISCC的影响及实际工程应用中厚壁构件的应力腐蚀敏感性评价等问题,选取能够代表实际工程应用中构件壁厚的40 mm厚双悬臂梁(DCB)试样和标准(GB 15970.6-2007)中规定的26 mm厚DCB试样,进行了应力腐蚀断裂特性研究。结果表明,40 mm厚试样得到的材料的应力腐蚀开裂门槛值KISCC值大于26 mm厚试样得到的KISCC。对S-L取向试样,40 mm厚和26 mm厚试样的应力腐蚀开裂门槛值KISCC差别不大,差异在4%左右;对S-T取向试样,40 mm厚和26 mm厚试样的KISCC值差别明显,差异在24%左右。在DCB试样应力腐蚀断口表面发现有纤维状的腐蚀产物生成,经过能谱仪(EDS)及X射线衍射(XRD)分析,纤维状的腐蚀产物是氢氧化铝。纤维状腐蚀产物的生成降低了DCB试样裂纹尖端腐蚀产物的积累,从而减轻了腐蚀产物楔形作用对应力腐蚀开裂门槛值KISCC的影响,提高了材料抗应力腐蚀的能力。并且40 mm厚DCB试样应力腐蚀断口表面的纤维状腐蚀产物明显多于26 mm DCB试样,这也是40 mm厚试样的应力腐蚀开裂门槛值大于26 mm试样的一个原因。在应力腐蚀开裂过程中,由于DCB试样裂纹尖端发生阳极反应,与主体溶液形成小阳极大阴极体系,使试样裂纹尖端呈酸性,而主体溶液呈碱性。40 mm厚试样的裂纹尖端pH约3.0,26 mm厚试样的裂纹尖端pH约3.6,厚板试样裂纹尖端处溶液酸化更严重。     

固溶温度对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金组织与应力腐蚀的影响

对7B50铝合金热轧板在460～490℃范围内进行固溶处理、室温水淬及人工时效,通过室温力学性能测试、慢应变速率拉伸实验及电导率测试,结合光学显微镜,扫描电镜和能谱分析,研究固溶温度对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金组织与应力腐蚀的影响。结果表明,提高固溶温度能有效减少残留相,增加再结晶的体积分数。当固溶温度从460℃提高到490℃时,屈服强度(σ0.2)和抗拉强度(σb)分别提高20.9%和23.5%,固溶温度从480℃升高到490℃时,强度变化不大,但随着固溶温度升高,伸长率先提高后降低,抗应力腐蚀性能先升高后降低。当固溶温度为480℃时,应力腐蚀敏感性最低,综合性能较好。残留相增多和再结晶程度提高是引起应力腐蚀敏感性提高的主要原因。在腐蚀溶液中,应力腐蚀断口形貌为典型的沿晶断裂。     

7055铝合金恒载荷应力腐蚀性能及机理研究

采用室温拉伸、光学显微镜和扫描电镜研究了不同恒载荷条件下7055铝合金型材的应力腐蚀性能。结果表明,在腐蚀周期内,随着应力腐蚀载荷的提高,试样的强度并未出现明显的下降,而塑性下降40%。应力腐蚀载荷越接近材料的屈服强度,塑性下降就越明显,抗拉应变和延伸率均有降低。应力腐蚀试样表层部分区域有明显的点蚀、沿晶腐蚀空洞和裂纹;拉伸时,腐蚀缺口处会产生明显的应力集中而成为起裂源,拉伸断口边缘被腐蚀区域为明显的沿晶断裂。     

焊后热处理对7003铝合金焊接接头抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用金相检测、慢应变拉伸试验和扫描电镜(SEM)对7003铝合金焊接接头经不同焊后热处理的晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀行为进行研究。结果表明:焊后热处理有助于提高焊接接头抗腐蚀晶间腐蚀和应力腐蚀能力。焊后120℃/24h时效时,晶间腐蚀敏感性的大小为:未热处理450℃/1h490℃/1h470℃/1h。应力腐蚀敏感性指数ISSRT在470℃/1h最小,为0.096,抗应力腐蚀性能最好,且在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的应力腐蚀敏感性明显大于在干燥空气中的。     

��ǿ���;��ܵĸ�ʴƣ������

Materials of oil- well tubing serve in special environment. There are always damages by corrosion fatigue.The fatigue behaviors of 1Cr12Ni3Mo2VNbN (material No.1) and 2Cr12Ni4Mo3VbN (material No.2) for oil- well tubing in air at room temperature and in 22%??mass fraction??NaCl aqueous solution at 80?? were investigated. The experimental results show that the corrosion fatigue strengths of these two metarials in NaCl aqueous solution at room temperature are obviously lower than those in air at room temperature.The fatigue strength of material No.2 is higher than that of material No.1 in air at room temperature. While in NaCl aqueous solution at 80?? the result is just the opposite.Finally, the observation result of fracture morphology by SEM shows that there are a lot of corrosion products on the corrosion crack surfaces of samples.     

Stress Corrosion of X80 Pipeline Steel Welded Joints by Slow Strain Test in NACE H2S Solutions

The X80 pipeline steel was welded with the way of submerged arc welding. The SST (slow strain test) of the welded joint samples in the air, NACE (National Association of Corrosion Engineers) solution (no H2S), NACE solution (saturated H2S) was performed to research the sensibility index of SCC (stress corrosion cracking) Iscc. The morphologies of the welded joint fractures and the fracture modes were observed with SEM (scanning electron microscope), and the fracture chemical compositions were analyzed with EDS (energy dispersive spectrometer), respectively. The fracture mechanisms of the welded joints were discussed. The results show that sensibility index of SCC in the air is not obvious, the fracture is dimple, and the mode of fracture is ductile fracture. The sensibility index of SCC in NACE solution (no H2S) is 13.21%, the stress corrosion is not obvious. The sample fracture shows quasi cleavage+dimple, and the fracture mode is toughness+brittle rupture. The sensibility index of SCC in NACE solution (saturated H2S) is 56.94%, the plastic loss is the most serious, appearing an obvious stress corrosion tendency, and there is no obvious necking phenomenon. The fracture mode is brittle fracture, and the sample fracture has a high sulfur concentration, prompting S to a aliquation of crisp crystal in the welded zone, and making its mechanical properties worsen.     

300M超高强度钢电化学性能及应力腐蚀开裂

采用动电位扫描技术和慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了超高强度钢300M在3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为,并利用扫描电镜观察了不同外加电位下的断口形貌.300M钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中开路电位下的应力腐蚀开裂机制为阳极溶解型,Cl^-的存在明显地增加了材料的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.阳极电位-600 mV下300M钢溶解速率加快,表现出较高的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,断面收缩率损失由开路电路下的52.6%升高至99.5%,裂纹起源于表面点蚀坑处,应力腐蚀开裂为阳极溶解型机制.阴极电位-800 mV下材料处于阴极保护电位范围,表现出较低的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,强度和韧度与空气中拉伸的数值相近,开裂机制为阳极溶解和氢致开裂协同作用.在更低电位(低于-950 mV)下,300M钢的应力腐蚀开裂机制为氢致开裂,在氢和拉应力的共同作用下表现出很大的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性.     

The role of crack tip strain rate in the stress corrosion cracking of high strength steels in water

Creep tests have been performed on fracture mechanics specimens of as-quenched 4340 and 3.5NiCrMoV rotor steel to confirm the importance of crack tip strain rate in causing stress corrosion cracking. By allowing creep in a noncracking environment, dry air for the high strength steels tested, cracking did not occur when water, the corrosive solution, was later added to the system. Thus, it is possible to inhibit stress corrosion in spite of conditions otherwise conducive to crack growth. Conditions necessary to restart cracking were also tested. The importance of this result in terms of the mechanism of stress corrosion and difficulties in measuring K_ISCC is discussed. I. O. Smith, formerly Associate Professoraf with the Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, University of Queensland     

A New Resource-Saving, High Chromium and Manganese Super Duplex Stainless Steels 29Cr-12Mn-2Ni-1Mo-xN

 A new family of resource-saving, high chromium and manganese super duplex stainless steels (DSSs), with a composition in mass percent, % of Cr 0.29, Mn 0.12, Ni 2.0, Mo 1.0, and N 0.51-0.68, has been developed by examining the effect of N on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion properties. The results show that these alloys have a balanced ferrite-austenite relation. The austenite volume fraction decreases with the solution treatment temperature, but it increases with an increase in N content. The increases in nitrogen enhance the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and reduce the ductility of the material slightly. The pitting corrosion potential increases first and then decreases with an increase in nitrogen content when the amount of N arrives to 0.68%. The yield stress and ultimate tensile strength of solution-treated samples were more than 680 and 900 MPa, the elongation of experimental alloys are higher than 30%, respectively, what is more, the pitting potentials were beyond 1100 mV.     

应力与环境耦合条件下高强钢S135的疲劳行为北大核心CSCD

为评价应力与环境耦合(交变应力、腐蚀介质和温度耦合)对高强度钢S135疲劳性能的影响,探索应力与环境耦合对高强度钢S135疲劳的作用机制,测试了S135材料在空气中和不同温度下(25、40、60和80℃)有机盐钻井液中的疲劳寿命,分析了S135在有机盐钻井液中的腐蚀疲劳敏感性,并使用扫描电镜观察了不同温度下的断口形貌,研究了有机盐钻井液中S135腐蚀疲劳的断裂机理。结果表明,同一应力(低应力)水平下,随温度升高(25、40、60和80℃),腐蚀疲劳寿命逐渐降低,腐蚀疲劳敏感指数和温度敏感指数逐渐增加。研究认为,交变应力、腐蚀介质和温度耦合对S135材料疲劳有极大的影响,交变应力是疲劳失效的主要因素,腐蚀介质会使S135表面产生腐蚀坑,导致疲劳裂纹的萌生,温度通过加速腐蚀对疲劳破坏产生影响。     

冷弯加工对国产301L不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

采用化学浸泡法、电化学测试研究了冷弯加工前后轨道交通装备用国产301L高强不锈钢腐蚀行为,并对化学腐蚀和电化学腐蚀后样品的表面进行扫描电镜和能谱分析。化学浸泡法结果表明,冷弯后的国产301L高强不锈钢在50℃的6%（质量分数）FeCl3溶液中浸泡72h后发生了明显的点蚀,腐蚀速率随时间的延长而迅速增大,72h后腐蚀速率达到128.5g/(m2·h)。电化学测试结果表明,国产301L高强不锈钢经过冷弯加工后,在3.5%（质量分数）NaCl溶液中的点蚀电位下降365mV,钝化区宽度减小150mV,增加了点蚀敏感性。     

Threshold Stress Intensity of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking of High Strength Steel

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of highstrength steels in an aqueous solution has been wide-ly investigated[1— 8] .It has long been accepted thatSCC of high strength steel in water is one kind ofhydrogen- induced cracking (HIC) [1— 5] .Because ofhydrolysis of the metal ions,the value p H of the lo-cal environment within a pit,crevice or crack on asteel surface can be decreased to about 3.5 [1] .Be-cause of crack- tip acidification,local conditions arealways favorable for release of hydro…     

Stress corrosion cracking of zirconium cladding tubes: III. Effect of the alloy strength

The stress corrosion cracking resistance of zirconium T110, E635, and Zirkaloi-4 alloys of different strengths provided by different mechanisms of hardening (solid solution, precipitation, and strain hardening) is studied. It was shown that the stress corrosion resistance of the tubes decreases when the alloy strength increases, in particular, at strain hardening.     

Enhanced stress corrosion resistance from steels having a dual-phase austenite-martensite microstructure

A high strength steel with an austenite-martensite duplex microstructure has been produced by extruding nickel coated steel powder. The austenite is stable and is present as a continuous network surrounding a high strength martensite. The dual-phase steel exhibits superior resistance to stress corrosion cracking in 3.5 pct NaCl solution, compared with steels of similar strength having conventional microstructures. Also, the effectiveness of the austenite in improving stress corrosion cracking resistance increases as the yield strength increases. The austenite, because of its inherent toughness, reduces the effective stress intensity at the advancing crack tip, and at the same time shields the crack tip from the corrosive environment.