高功率雷达发射管—速调管可靠性的研究

高功率雷达发射管──速调管可靠性的研究钮得禄（北京中科院电子所１０００８０）随着大功率高增益速调管工作带宽的拓宽（凸／由原来的５％，现增加到１０％～１２％），远程雷达发射机采用速调管做末级放大器的热情有增无减。除了它的高增益、高功率优点外，它的高可靠...     

大功率速调管的技术现状和最新进展

大功率速调管是一种基于速度调制原理将电子注能量转换成微波能量的微波真空电子器件,它具有高功率、高效率、高增益和高稳定性等优点,是微波真空电子器件中脉冲功率和平均功率最高的器件。速调管自20世纪30年代发明以来,在粒子加速器、雷达和通信等微波电子系统,以及真空电子技术进步的推动下,已发展成功多种类型大功率速调管,其频率覆盖整个微波,并扩展到毫米波和太赫兹波段,最大脉冲功率达200MW,最大平均(连续波)功率达MW级。近年来,在高能粒子加速器、宽带雷达系统、毫米波和太赫兹波电子系统的推动下,大功率速调管取得了令人瞩目的进步,本文比较系统地介绍了大功率速调管的技术现状和在提高功率、提高效率、提高工作频率、展宽带宽等方面取得的最新进展。     

W 波段五腔回旋速调管放大器的设计

W 波段回旋速调管具有高增益和高输出功率的特点,在军用雷达方面有广泛的应用。本方利用电磁粒子模拟 软件CHIPIC 设计了一个W 波段五腔回旋速调管,优化了互作用电路的结构和工作参数,分析了电子注与场的换能 过程以及工作频率对输出效率和增益的影响。该管的工作模式为TE01 模,当工作电压为70kV、电流为6A、频率为 93.8GHz 时获得了167.3kW 的最大输出功率和39.8%的工作效率。当工作频率为93.65GHz 时取得了50dB 的增益和 400MHz 的带宽。该模拟结果对回旋速调管在雷达方面的应用提供了理论依据。     

多兆瓦级雷达用宽频带速调管

本文讨论一种宽频带、多腔、多兆瓦级速调管的设计方法。用这种方法能制造S波段、一分贝带宽、10％以上的效率的大功率或超高功率放大管。这类管子能工作于不同输出功率,并且完全无谐波振荡或寄生信号,因此特别适合作为现代雷达的功率源。多兆瓦级多腔速调管广泛用作粒子加速器的和大功率雷达的微波功率发生器。在这些应     

一种多注速调管发射机的设计

介绍了一种多注速调管发射机。在数百千瓦功率电平上,多注速调管具有频带宽、工作电压低、体积小、重量轻、增益和效率高等特点,可根据系统要求,设计出性能不同的发射机,所以许多雷达选用多注速调管作为末极发射管。文中对多注速调管的使用、高压电源和控保电路进行了阐述,着重介绍了栅极调制器设计方法及刚管的参数选择,最后给出本系统的测试结果。     

发射管使用寿命的提高

速调管是一种微波电真空器件，利用谐振腔对电子进行速度调制，再在漂移空间形成密度调制，从而放大信号的功率。速调管电视发射机由于其发射管寿命长、增益高、工作稳定、可靠性好等特性，目前在全国各地普遍使用。速调管是电视发射机的关键部件，其价格昂贵，调试技术较复杂，因此在电视发射机的运行经费中占相当大的比重，     

高增益,10%带宽,兆瓦级,L波段速调管放大器

本文叙述了一种高增益、10％带宽、兆瓦级,L波段速调管放大器D4038管在电压78.5kV,电流44.5A工作条件下,1.5dB瞬时带宽峰值功率输出1.4MW,平均功率7.6kW,整个带宽内增益大于47dB,效率大于30％;文中还描述了该管的设计考虑和要解决的主要技术关键;着重介绍了谐振性耦合腔输出通路的设计(简称RCCO),并给出实际热测结果。     

改进宽频带大功率速调管等激励功率-频率特性的方法

本文提出了两种改进宽频带大功率速调管等激励功率-频率特性的方法。其一是在行波管推动级和速调管间加入具有一定衰减特性的带通滤波器,使之与速调管增益-频率特性互补,以获得所要求的等激励增益-频率特性;另一是在输入腔外接电抗元件,用来改变输入腔的谐振频率f0和QL ,以达到改善速调管增益-频率特性的目的。     

W波段扩展互作用速调管的研究

扩展互作用速调管是在大功率速调管的基础上,采用扩展互作用谐振腔技术,扩展其瞬时工作带宽,在毫米波频段能够实现高功率、高效率、高增益和宽频带的一种紧凑型微波真空器件。本文基于空间电荷波理论对多间隙谐振腔电路进行了简要分析,采用PIC三维粒子模拟软件对高频互作用电路进行了粒子模拟与优化。在2π模式工作下,其工作电压为15 kV,电流为0.8 A,中心频率为94.5 GHz时,得到了效率大于8.4%,峰值功率超过2 kW的微波功率输出,-3 dB带宽为1 GHz,增益超过40 dB。该工作对研发高性能扩展互作用速调管,并推动其在国防安全、卫星监测、外层空间小目标跟踪、高分辨率雷达和精确气象监测等领域应用具有重要意义。     

功率速调管的技术现状及其重要性

在固态电子器件获得迅速发展之后,电子管的研制活动便集中到大功率微波管上。在超高频器件中,近10年来,除磁控管外,首先是速调管在许多应用中起着日益重要的作用。它们的设计和工艺已达到非常先进的水平。速调管放大器的结构和工作原理为如下一些应用提供了优越的条件:要求高质量传输、高的射频功率、高增益同时要求长寿命、稳定、可靠。本文对用于大型通信发射机、大型雷达设备以及供核研究中粒子加速器的微波功率源的大功率速凋管的技术现状进行评述。     

Nonlinear analysis of a multi-cavity gyro-twystron

To preserve high gain, high efficiency and high power merits of gyroklystron, a gyro-twystron is designed using an electron beam with α(v_⊥/v_z) greater than unity. With a multi-cavity section of high gain, the length of the waveguide output section can be made shorter than the threshold length of the absolute instability without losing total system gain. Numerical simulations are carried out to analyze a ka-band gyro- twystron consisting of three TE₁₁₁ mode cavities and an output section of a TE₁₁ mode waveguide. Stability study is performed to ensure the tube without self-excited oscillations. With α=1.5, the 3-dB linear and saturated gain bandwidth in excess of 2 % can be obtained by stagger tuning for an 80 kV, 3 A electron beam with 5 % axial velocity spread. The maximum saturated gain is more than 55 dB at 33 % efficiency. By tapering the magnetic field of the last 2 cm of the interaction region, the efficiency can be increased to 43 % without degrading the bandwidth, which corresponds to an output power of 103 kW.     

C波段500 kW宽带速调管

在管子输出腔应用重叠模技术,开发了一种C波段宽带速调管,在输出峰值功率500 kW下,瞬时带宽大于4.7%,效率30%,增益43 dB。本文简要介绍了该管的设计研制思想、技术特点、计算模拟和测试结果。     

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of a Ka-band Gyro-TWT with Lossy Interaction Structure

The stability analysis of a Ka-band gyrotron traveling-wave tube amplifier (gyro-TWT) operating in the circular TE₀₁ mode at the fundamental cyclotron harmonic is presented. The small signal linear theory is used to analyze the amplification of operation mode and oscillation of parasitic modes. The optimum dielectric parameters including loss layer thickness and permittivity are given. Propagation loss of operation mode is 3 dB/cm with the thickness of loss layer d = 0.7 mm and relative permittivity ξ″ = 11−6j, and propagation loss per unit length of parasitic modes TE₁₁, TE₂₁, TE₀₂ at each oscillation frequency (24.85 GHz, 27.85 GHz, 61.2 GHz) is 2.5 dB/cm, 6 dB/cm, 7.5 dB/cm, respectively, sufficient to suppress oscillations of operation and parasitic modes. Taking advantage of the optimized parameters of loaded dielectric, a high gain scheme has been demonstrated in a 34-GHz, TE₀₁-mode gyro-TWT, producing 160 kW saturated output power at 40 dB stable gain and 22.8% efficiency with a 3-dB bandwidth of 5%.     

Threshold level and gain of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering in a forward pumped s-band discrete DCF fibers Raman amplifier

Recently,with fast developing of extra-capacity of fi-ber communication experi mental systems ,dense wave-length division multiplexing (DWDM) technology hasbeen adopted widely[1-3].Now,1300 nmband and 1550nmband have been connected with each other to be a…     

A 863-870-Mhz spread-spectrum direct conversion receiver design for wireless sensor

This paper presents simulation results of the receiver section of a frequency-hopped spread-spectrum transceiver operating in the 863–870 MHz European band for wireless sensor applications. The receiver is designed for binary frequency-shift keying (BFSK) modulation, communicating a maximum data rate of 20 kb/s. The receiver combines a low-noise amplifier with down conversion mixer, a low-pass channel-select filter and a limiter. The various block parameters of the receiver like noise figure, gain and IIP3 are simulated and optimized to meet receiver specifications. The receiver simulations show 51.1 dB conversion gain, -7 dBm IIP3, -15 dB return loss (S₁₁) and 10 dB NF.     

Theory and Performance of Coupled-slot Waveguide Gain Equalizers

This paper discusses the principle and performance of a new waveguide equalizer which can be used to minimize gain variations in microwave transmission systems or in active electron devices such as travelling-wave tubes. The equalizing action of this device depends upon the radiation and absorption of a fraction of the incident power at frequencies at which the gain of the system or the tube is too high

Insertion of this equalizer at the input of an X-band travelling-wave tube reduces variations in small-signal gain from ± 2-10 dB to ± C-70dB over the frequency range from 7-1 to 11-0 kMc per second. The insertion loss caused by the equalizer varies from 0 6 dB at both the low- and high-frequency ends to 40 dB at mid-frequency. When the equalizer is terminated at a matched load, the VSWR changes from 1-17 at the end frequencies to 1.94 at the centre frequency. Improved matching properties can be obtained if the gain compensation required of the equalizer is slightly reduced.     

An image-reject down-converter for 802.11a and HIPERLAN2 wireless LANs

An image-reject down-converter for IEEE 802.11a and ETSI HIPERLAN2 wireless local area networks was implemented in a low-cost 46-GHz-f _T silicon bipolar process. The circuit integrates a variable-gain low noise amplifier and a double-balanced mixer along with passive image rejection filters. It exhibits a 4-dB noise figure and a power gain of 23 dB. By reducing the low noise amplifier gain by 9 dB (thanks to a 1-bit gain control), the down-converter achieves an input 1-dB compression point of –14 dBm, while drawing only 23 mA from a 3-V supply voltage. The adopted filtering approach provides an image rejection ratio higher than 60 dB.     

Two-stage dielectric-loading for broadbanding a gyro-TWT

A scheme of dielectric-loading for a gyro-traveling wave tube (gyro-TWT) is proposed for a wider bandwidth at a higher gain. The method uses two-section dielectric-loaded cylindrical waveguide as the interaction structure, with the first section overloaded to exhibit a valley between the two peaks in the gain-frequency response, while the other suitably loaded to exhibit a single peak centered at the valley so as to yield an overall wideband response. A bandwidth ~8.8% at a relatively high small-signal gain ~30 dB is predicted     

A dual mode 2.4-GHz CMOS low noise amplifier employing body biasing

This paper presents a dual mode CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) suitable for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access applications, at 2.4?GHz. The design concept is based on body biasing. An off chip Digital to Analog Converter is used to generate the proper body bias voltage to control the LNA gain and linearity. Measurement results show that in the high gain mode, for V _BS?=?0.3?V, the cascode LNA, implemented in a 0.13???m CMOS standard process, exhibits a 14?dB power gain, a 3.6?dB noise figure (NF) and ?4.6?dBm of third order intercept point (IIP3) for a 4?mA current consumption under 1?V supply. Tuning V _BS to ?0.55?V, switches the LNA into the low gain mode. It achieves 8.6?dB power gain, 6.2?dB NF and 6?dBm IIP3 under a constrained power consumption of 1.7?mW.     

A 65 mW, 0.4–2.3 GHz Bandpass Filter for Satellite Receivers

A monolithic tunable bandpass filter for satellite receiver front-ends is presented. The center frequency of the bandpass filter can be tuned from 0.4 GHz to 2.3 GHz. The filter is constructed using four transconductor-C poly-phase filter sections and has a 50 dB variable gain range. At 20 dB attenuation and at 30 dB gain the measured 1 dB compression point is –21 dBm and –56 dBm, respectively. Measured input IP3 is –12 dBm. The noise figure is 15 dB at maximum gain. An on-chip I/Q oscillator tracks the center frequency and enables automatic tuning. The bandpass filter dissipates 65 mW with 5 Volt supply voltage and occupies 0.16 mm² chip area. The filter is realized in a standard 11 GHz f _t bipolar technology.