迅速崛起的激光表面处理技术

激光表面处理技术正在不断扩大其工业应用范围－激光表面相变硬化，包覆，熔化和合金化之类的表面处理工艺和来改善材料的表面性能。而了近的ＵＶ激光的进展拓开了这一技术的应用范围并增加了灵活性，这包括表面结构的改善，增加粘着和结合能力以及激光物理气相沉积，激光化学气相沉积等。此文扼要地阐述了这些工艺过程，可能的应用区域及其优点。     

等离子体表面改性技术的发展

主要论述了等离子体技术在金属材料表面强化中的应用研究现状和发展趋势，特别是各种工艺的基本原理和应用优势。     

离子注入技术及其在模具制造中的应用

介绍了离子注入技术的原理和主要特点，综述了离子注入技术改善材料性能的各个方面，列举了该工艺在模具制造方面的应用情况，分析了该项技术存在的问题及发展趋势。     

电火花毛化技术的实验研究

介绍了电火花加工技术在制造业中最新应用－电火花毛化技术，并具体阐述了毛化工艺方法以及国内外研究情况，并通过实验对这一工艺方法的机理作了简要探讨。     

铝及其合金微弧氧化技术的研究与进展

微弧氧化是一种在Al、Mg、Ti等有色金属及其合金材料表面原位产生陶瓷层的表面强化技术。利用该技术可以在这些有色金属表面生成耐磨、耐蚀以及电绝缘性能优异的陶瓷层。本文介绍了铝及其合金微弧氧化的基本原理、工艺特点、微弧氧化陶瓷层的结构和性能特点，并展望了微弧氧化技术的应用前景和发展趋势。     

表面强化技术与模具寿命

综述了现代表面工程系统中表面强化技术，介绍了该技术在模具延寿领域的应用，建议加速这些技术在模具领域的应用研究。     

液相等离子体电解渗透技术

介绍了阴极等离子体电解渗透技术的工艺特点、试验机理、放电过程参数及其渗透层的性能，讨论了阳极等离子体电解渗透技术存在的问题，展望了液相等离子体电解渗透技术的应用前景。     

汽车零部件表面强化技术研究现状及展望

在传统渗碳、渗氮及表面淬火工艺的汽车零部件表面强化技术基础上,简单综述了传统工艺在汽车零部件表面强化上应用的工艺优缺点及研究现状,重点阐述了新型表面形变强化、高能束流表面强化、表面冶金强化、表面复合强化及表面纳米强化的汽车零部件表面强化技术,详细介绍了目前广泛使用的新型表面形变强化中的喷丸强化工艺、高能束流表面强化中的激光表面淬火与电子束表面淬火工艺及表面冶金强化中等离子喷涂工艺的技术特点和应用现状,分析了国内外汽车零部件表面复合强化技术和表面纳米强化技术的工艺特点和研究现状,尤其是将表面复合强化技术中的传统工艺与传统工艺、传统工艺与新型工艺、新型工艺与新型工艺的多种复合工艺的相互结合及QPQ盐浴复合处理技术在汽车零部件表面强化上的应用,最后展望了未来汽车零部件表面强化技术的发展方向。     

过氧化氢在表面技术中的应用

过氧化氢在表面技术工艺中获得了越来直工广泛的应用。回顾了过氧化氢近十年余研究概况，介绍了它在电镀，化学镀铜，表面处理，印制电路几方面中的应用，提出了使用过氧化氢应注意的问题。还列出了４４篇参考文献。     

一种新型金属材料的表面改性技术

阐述了通过铸渗法来改善金属零部件的表面性能的原理，主要是铸技术与冶金强化相结合，分析了影响渗层质量的几个主要因素如涂料配比，铸造工艺；铸渗合金成分及工艺可根据实际需要来设计，展望了铸渗法表面改性技术的应用前景。     

离子渗氮新技术的研究现状

为了克服传统离子渗氮的一些固有缺点，近些年来出现一些新的离子渗氮技术，如活性屏离子渗氮、等离子体源离子渗氮、离子注入离子渗氮等，本文简要介绍了这些新技术及其原理、特点，总结了这类技术的共性模型。其中，活性屏离子渗氮技术和等离子体源离子渗氮技术有着明显的设备和工艺优势，可能成为离子渗氮技术的发展方向。     

Economic and ecological aspects of plasma surface engineering

For new developments such as plasma surface technologies, it is first necessary to prove their scientific possibilities and limits. Therefore it is mainly questions of process understanding and process handling, quality of the substrate and coating as well as its interactions which are considered and discussed.

To use these technologies in industry it is also necessary to consider ecological aspects as well as economic and marketing aspects. For a scientist at first these aspects are not as important.

An overview of different economic aspects of the application of plasma surface technologies is presented by considering the following: investment and running costs of plants; costs of process development for special applications; comparison of different technologies; certainty and reproducibility of the coating technologies; cost and profit balance of coated work pieces; costs of marketing.

Recently, the importance of the ecological aspects of industrial technologies has increased greatly. In most cases these questions are closely linked to the economic aspects. Nearly all ecological problems can be solved and handled, but the costs for this are increasing greatly. Although the laws currently differ in different countries, in future the laws everywhere will become more strict. The main concerns of the application and handling of a plasma assisted process are for example the use or production of toxic media, security of plants for the staff and for the environment, and handling of used coated material.     

Fabrication and Characterization of Thermal-Sprayed Fe-Based Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Composite Coatings: An Overview

This review focuses on the recent development of iron (Fe)-based amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coatings, which have attracted much attention due to their attractive combination of high hardness/strength, elevated abrasive wear resistance, and enhanced corrosion resistance. Accompanying the advancements in various thermal spray technologies, industrial application fields of Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coatings are becoming more diverse. In the main part, the typical empirical rules for the design of amorphous alloys with high glass-forming ability are generalized and discussed at first. Then various thermal spray technologies for the fabrication of Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coatings, such as high velocity oxygen/air spray (HVOF/HVAF), air plasma spray (APS), low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS), high-energy plasma spray (HPS), and high velocity arc spray (HVAS) processes, are introduced. The microstructures, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline composite coatings formed using these thermal spray technologies are reviewed and compared. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects are proposed.     

表面工程技术在石油石化管道中的应用及展望

石油石化行业中管道的服役工况十分恶劣,很多管道未达其设计寿命而失效报废,造成极大浪费,因此采用表面工程技术对其进行防护和修复具有十分重要的经济价值。主要阐述了热喷涂、自蔓延高温合成和表面镀层等三种表面工程技术对管道内外表面的强化机理,并对它们的实际应用进行了具体介绍。热喷涂技术主要介绍了电弧喷涂、火焰喷涂和等离子喷涂三种热喷涂技术,并分别从它们的工艺原理、适用材料体系、制备涂层性能(结合强度、孔隙率等)以及经济性等方面进行了对比介绍。高温自蔓延合成技术主要从材料和工艺两方面进行了剖析,并对其所制备陶瓷内衬管的连接方法进行了具体介绍。镀层技术主要对钨合金电镀和Ni-P化学镀两种镀层技术的优缺点和适用范围进行了对比介绍。最后针对表面工程技术的特点,对其在石油石化行业的前景进行了分析与展望。     

Metal finishing: enhanced performance achieved through plasma processing

Abstract

This paper provides an overview on how plasma deposited coatings can significantly enhance the surface properties of metallic components. Two plasma processing technologies known as physical vapour deposition (PVD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) are introduced. Examples of the coatings deposited using these two processes are discussed. Among the coating application areas outlined are their use to increase the wear life of tools, to improve decorative finish and to enhance medical device biocompatibility.     

Real-time imaging of the plasma spray process—Work in progress

A LaserStrobe Control Vision system was employed to examine water-stabilized plasma (WSP), gas-sta-bilized plasma (GSP), and single-wire arc plasma (SWAP) technologies. Visualization of the plasma spray process in each of these technologies has been made possible, in some instances, for the first time. Parame-ter optimization for the three processes was accomplished. This technology has significantly added to the theoretical and scientific knowledge of plasma diagnostics and plasma processing. This summary of work in progress was presented at the NSF Design, Manufacturing and Industrial Innovation Grantees Meeting, San Di-ego, January 4–6,1995.     

离子化学热处理及其发展

通过介绍离子化学热处理的背景及其发展,着重阐述了离子渗氮、离子氮碳共渗、离子渗碳等工艺方法及其技术关键,描述了离子化学热处理工艺及设备的新进展。     

钛及钛合金渗硼技术的发展

介绍了近年来研发的提高钛及钛合金表面硬度和耐磨性的渗硼方法,包括气体渗硼、液体渗硼、固体渗硼、膏剂渗硼和等离子渗硼等。讨论了上述渗硼方法所获得的渗层的显微结构和性能及其应用范围。比较了各种渗硼方法的特点。展望了钛合金渗硼技术的发展和应用前景。     

双层辉光离子渗金属技术的效果及应用

综述了双层辉光等离子单元渗技术、多元渗技术、复合渗技术的研究成果及主要应用实例。结果表明，双层辉光等离子渗金属技术能成倍提高零件表面的耐磨性或耐蚀性、抗氧化性，从而延长零件乃至整机的使用寿命，对节能、节材、保护环境以及降低机具运行成本发挥着重要作用。