Mg—Al—C中间合金对AZ31镁合金的晶粒细化

通过特种粉末冶金法制备了一种用于Mg-Al系合金晶粒细化的Mg-Al-C中间合金,初步分析了Mg-Al-C中间合金对AZ31镁合金的细化机理. 在该中间合金中,Al(C)固溶体分布在Mg颗粒的界面上.细化试验表明,该中间合金对AZ31(Mg-3Al-1Zn)合金有良好的细化作用.当加入3%该中间合金时,AZ31的晶粒尺寸由原来的850 μm减小到260 μm.     

Ce和Mg-Al4C3中间合金细化AZ31B镁合金的组织

采用SEM、EDS和XRD等测试手段,研究稀土元素Ce和Mg-50Al4C3中间合金对AZ31B镁合金显微组织的细化效果.结果表明,加入0.5%的Al4C3可显著细化AZ31B镁合金的枝晶组织和晶粒尺寸;添加0.5%的Al4C3和0.3%的Ce使合金的枝晶组织和晶粒尺寸进一步细化,α-Mg的平均晶粒尺寸由基体合金的280 μm降至约50 μm,同时,β相由连续网状转变为不连续的网状和细小的粒状,且产生新相Al4Ce.通过能谱分析及面错配度计算证实,Al4C3可作为初生α-Mg晶粒的良好异质核心.加入稀土元素Ce引起合金成分过冷的增加,从而能够激活固/液界面前沿潜在的Al4C3形核,提高Al4C3的形核率.     

Al-3Ti-3B中间合金对AZ31镁合金晶粒细化的影响

利用OM、XRD、SEM和EPMA等手段研究了Al-3Ti-3B细化剂对AZ31镁合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,添加适量的Al-3Ti-3B细化剂能使铸态AZ31镁合金粗大的树枝晶转变为均匀的等轴晶;加入量为0.4%时取得了较好的细化效果,固溶处理后的AZ31镁合金平均晶粒尺寸由300μm减小到50μm。TiB2和AlB2粒子的异质形核作用是促使晶粒细化的主要机制,且TiB2粒子在晶界上的偏聚可进一步阻碍晶粒长大。     

Al-10%Mg中间合金细化Al-5%Fe合金的研究

通过改变Al-10%Mg中间合金晶粒细化剂加入量和熔体保温时间,研究了过共晶Al-5%Fe合金微观组织形态及力学性能.试验表明,在过共晶Al-5%Fe合金中加入Al-10%Mg中间合金细化剂,当加入量为1.2%、保温时间为90 min时,细化效果仍较好,Al-5%Fe合金中初生Al3Fe相由粗大板条状变为花朵状和颗粒状,尺寸明显减小,材料的强度和塑性明显提高.     

Mg-Al4C3中间合金在AZ91D镁合金中的细化效果及机理

采用SEM、EDS和XRD等测试手段研究粉末原位合成法制备的Mg-50%Al4C3中间合金对AZ91D镁合金显微组织的细化效果.结果表明:中间合金的加入可显著细化AZ91D镁合金的α-Mg晶粒.当Al4C3的含量为1.0%时,α-Mg晶粒的尺寸由基体合金的142.9 μm降至63.2 μm,降低幅度约为56%,且共晶组织形貌发生明显改变,由完全离异的骨骼状β共晶组织和共生生长层片状α+β共晶组织转变为蜂窝状的α+β部分离异共晶组织,同时β相的尺寸变小、分布更趋弥散.通过能谱分析、面错配度计算及差热分析,证实Al4C3可成为初生α-Mg晶粒的良好异质核心.此外,显微组织的细化导致合金力学性能的提高.     

新型Al-Ca-C中间合金对AZ91合金的细化作用

以Al粉、CaC2粉为原料,采用粉末冶金及原位合成法制备了一种新型Al-Ca-C中间合金用于AZ91合金的晶粒细化,Al-Ca-C中间合金中含有Al4C3、CaAl2、CaAl4相.试验表明,该中间合金对AZ91镁合金有良好的晶粒细化作用.当加入1.0％的Al-Ca-C中间合金时,AZ91合金的晶粒尺寸由原来的120～150 μm减小到40～50 μm.分析认为镁合金的细化机理为,Al4C3充当了α-Mg的异质形核核心,熔体中Ca与C原子则由于成分过冷进一步促进了晶粒细化.     

不同状态Mg-9Sr中间合金对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响

研究Mg-9Sr中间合金及其处理工艺对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响。结果表明：在AZ31镁合金中加入不同状态的Mg-9Sr中间合金（常规铸态、快速凝固态、固溶态和轧制态）对AZ31镁合金均有很好的晶粒细化效果,其中轧制态Mg-9Sr中间合金的细化效果最好,其次依次为固溶态、常规铸态和快速凝态Mg-9Sr中间合金。在Sr加入量0.1%和熔体保温时间80 min条件下,轧制态Mg-9Sr中间合金可使AZ31镁合金获得62 μm的最小平均晶粒尺寸。     

镁合金细化剂Al-5Zr-1B合金的组织与细化性能

采用K2ZrF4和KBF4混合粉末与铝熔体直接反应制备镁合金晶粒细化剂Al-5Zr-1B合金,利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜,研究了Al-5Zr-1B合金的显微组织及其对纯Mg和AZ31镁合金的晶粒细化作用。结果表明:Al-5Zr-1B合金中含有大量细小的ZrB2粒子,平均尺寸为0.2μm,ZrB2粒子作为异质形核核心使纯Mg和AZ31镁合金晶粒得到细化。随着Al-5Zr-1B合金添加量的增加,纯Mg和AZ31镁合金的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。添加0.3%(质量分数)的Al-5Zr-1B合金,可使纯Mg晶粒从1400μm细化到120μm。添加0.6%的Al-5Zr-1B合金,可使AZ31镁合金晶粒从170μm细化到45μm。     

Al-TiC中间合金的制备及对AZ91合金铸态组织的细化效果

采用铸造接触反应法制备Al-TiC间合金，EPMA和XRD分析显示，反应温度和保温时间是TiC颗粒原位合成的重要工艺参数，基于热力学计算和动力学分析探讨了原位TiC颗粒的形成机制。在AZ91镁合金熔体中加入0．3％的Al-10％TiC间合金可明显细化晶粒尺寸，由基体合金的107μm降至57μm，降低幅度约为47％。晶粒细化机制可归结为TiC颗粒作为初生α-Mg的异质晶核。     

Mg—Al—C中间合金对AZ91镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过真空烧结制备出Mg—Al-C中间合金，发现该合金可以有效地细化Mg-Al系AZ91合金的晶粒，细化后的AZ91合金力学性能显著提高，粗大且易于聚集成团的Mg17Al12相得以消除；分析认为其细化机制是在镁合金熔体中形成了大量的结晶形核质点Al4C3或Al-C-O化合物。     

Effects of Al-10Sr master alloys on grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy

The effects of Al-10Sr master alloys on grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated, and the refinement efficiency of different Al-10Sr master alloys （commercial, solubilized, rolled and remelted＋rapidly cooled） was compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the morphology and size of Al4Sr phases in the microstructures of different Al-10Sr master alloys, are of great difference. For the commercial Al-10Sr master alloy, the Al4Sr phases evolve from coarse block shape to relatively fine block shape after being dissolved at 500 ℃ for 4 h and followed by water quenching; but after being rolled at 300 ℃ for 50% reduction or remelted and followed by rapid cooling, the Al4Sr phases mainly exhibit fine granule and fibre shapes. In addition, the different Al-10Sr master alloys can effectively reduce the grain size of AZ31 magnesium alloy, but their refinement efficiency is different. The refinement efficiency of the Al-10Sr master alloy obtained by remelting and rapid cooling is the best, then the rolled, solubilized and commercial Al-10Sr master alloys are in turn. The difference of refinement efficiency for different Al-10Sr master alloys may be related to the dissolution rates of Al4Sr phases with different morphologies and sizes in the melt of AZ31 magnesium alloy.     

变形AZ31镁合金的晶粒细化

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机，对AZ31镁合金在300～450℃以及应变速率为0．1和1.0s^-1条件下进行了热压缩。发现在热压缩变形过程中发生了动态再结晶，其动态再结晶平均晶粒尺寸(d)的自然对数与ZenerHollomon参数(Z)的自然对数成线性关系。再利用d与Z的关系，通过较低的热挤压温度(300～350℃)，获得了动态再结晶晶粒直径在10～20μm之内的镁合金管材。     

Grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloy by new Al-Ti-C master alloys

New Al₄C₃-containing Al-Ti-C master alloys (Al-0.6Ti-1C and Al-1Ti-1C) were developed by introducing Ti element into Al-C melt using melt reaction method, in which most of the TiC particles distribute around Al₄C₃ particles. It is believed that most of the C firstly reacts with Al melt and form Al₄C₃ particles by the reaction Al(l)+C(s)→Al₄C₃(s), and after adding Ti into the Al-C melt, the size of Al₄C₃ particles is decreased and the distribution of Al₄C₃ is improved through the reaction Ti(solute)+Al₄C₃(s)→TiC(s)+Al(l). With the addition of 1% Al-1Ti-1C master alloy, the average grain size of AZ31 is reduced sharply from 850 μm to 200 μm, and the grain morphology of α-Mg transits from a fully-developed equiaxed dendritic structure to a petal-like shape. Al-C-O-Mn-Fe compounds are proposed to be potent nucleating substrates for primary Mg. Appropriate addition of Ti is believed to increase the grain refinement efficiency of Al₄C₃-containing Al-Ti-C master alloys in AZ31 alloy.     

Effects of grain refinement on mechanical properties and microstructures of AZ31 alloy

Cerium was added in AZ31 alloy with the contents of 0.4%,0.8%and 1.2%respectively to produce experimental alloys. The grain refinement of Ce in the as-cast and rolled AZ31 alloy were studied by using Polyvar-MET optical microscope with a VSM2000 quantitative analysis system,KYKY2000 SEM and Tecnai G~2 20 TEM.And the mechanical properties of AZ31+Ce alloy were tested on a CSS-44100 testing system with computerized data acquisition.The results show that the cerium has a good grain refinement effect on the ...     

AZ31镁合金差温热轧过程的晶粒细化

实验研究了经不同道次差温热轧AZ31镁合金的金相组织,结合对轧制过程,尤其是轧件温度场的数值模拟结果,分析了AZ31镁合金差温热轧过程晶粒细化机制与主要影响因素,获得了通过轧制过程动态再结晶,使轧材晶粒尺寸随轧制道次增加,而持续细化的工艺参数,并制备出平均晶粒尺寸为5μm左右的细晶AZ31镁合金板材。     

Microstructure refinement of AZ31 alloy solidified with pulsed magnetic field

The effects of a pulsed magnetic field on the solidified microstructure of an AZ31 magnesium alloy were investigated. The experimental results show that the remarkable microstructural refinement is achieved when the pulsed magnetic field is applied to the solidification of the AZ31 alloy. The average grain size of the as-cast microstructure of the AZ31 alloy is refined to 107 μm. By quenching the AZ31 alloy, the different primary α-Mg microstructures are preserved during the course of solidification. The microstructure evolution reveals that the primary α-Mg generates and grows in globular shape with pulsed magnetic field, contrast with the dendritic shape without pulsed magnetic field. The pulsed magnetic field causes melt convection during solidification, which makes the temperature of the whole melt homogenized, and produces an undercooling zone in front of the liquid/solid interface, which makes the nucleation rate increased and big dendrites prohibited. In addition, the Joule heat effect induced in the melt also strengthens the grain refinement effect and spheroidization of dendrite arms.     

非对称轧制AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能

采用商用连铸连轧AZ31镁合金板材,通过小辊径非对称轧制工艺,研究在150,200,250℃温度条件下多道次非对称轧制对镁合金板材组织、织构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,不同轧制温度下,镁合金板材的晶粒细化机理不同,150℃时以孪晶细化为主,部分晶粒发生动态再结晶,200和250℃时板材晶粒细化机理为动态再结晶。对比分析了对称轧制和非对称轧制板材织构演化规律,随着轧制温度的升高,非对称轧制板材基面织构依次增强,但明显低于对称轧制板材。     

Mg-TiB2中间合金和Ca对AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用SEM、EDS和XRD等测试手段,研究Mg-50%TiB2(质量分数)中间合金和碱土金属元素Ca对AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:0.7%TiB2和0.1%Ca可以显著细化AZ91D镁合金的枝晶组织和晶粒,α-Mg的平均晶粒尺寸由240μm下降至46μm。通过能谱分析及面错配度的计算证实:TiB2颗粒可作为初生α-Mg的良好异质形核核心。碱土金属元素Ca在晶界处富集,阻碍了α-Mg晶粒生长,对晶粒细化起到了一定的作用。显微组织的细化使合金的强韧性明显提高,并对耐腐蚀性能有较大改善。     

Effect of limestone ores on grain refinement of as-cast commercial AZ31 magnesium alloys

The grain refinement of the as-cast AZ31 alloys by limestone particles was investigated by grain refining tests and microstructure observations. The results show that the limestone particles have a good grain refining potency, which is deeply related to the addition level of limestone and melting temperature. The optimal addition level and melting temperature are 2.0% (mass fraction) and 720 °C, respectively. The average grain size of AZ31 alloy is reduced from (556±60) to (236±22) μm. The sound grain refining by raw limestone particles has a good anti-fading capacity without any significant grain coarsening in a 40 min holding time. The concerned grain refining mechanism should be attributed to the inoculated Al-C and Al-C/Al-Mn-(Fe) nuclei. Ultrasonic treatment can enhance the grain refining efficiency of limestone particles through cavitation-enhanced nucleation mechanism.     

Microstructure of Al-4.99Zr-1.1B Master Alloy and Its Grain Refinement Effect on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

采用K2Zr F4、KBF4混合粉末与铝熔体原位合成方法制备了Al-4.99Zr-1.1B合金,利用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜和扫描电镜,研究了Al-4.99Zr-1.1B合金的显微组织及其对AZ31镁合金的晶粒细化作用。结果表明:Al-4.99Zr-1.1B合金中含有大量细小的Zr B2粒子。随着Al-4.99Zr-1.1B合金添加量的增加,AZ31镁合金的α-Mg晶粒逐渐细化,晶间β-Mg17Al12相从网状转变成细小块状。添加0.6%的Al-4.99Zr-1.1B合金,可使AZ31镁合金的α-Mg晶粒从170μm细化到45μm。Zr B2粒子作为α-Mg晶粒的异质形核核心使α-Mg晶粒得到细化。