蔷薇红景天中原花青素含量的测定方法

测定蔷薇红景天提取物中原花青素的含量.采用酸化香草醛比色法,最佳比色条件为:盐酸浓度为8%,香草醛浓度为2%,反应温度为30℃,时间为20min,检测波长500nm.结果表明:该方法的线性范围为10.5 μg/mL～420 μg/mL,相关系数r=0.999 8,平均加标回收率为97.98%,相对标准偏差(RSD)1.24%,检出限为1.32μg/mL.该法操作简便、准确、稳定,适用于原花青素含量的测定.     

纤维素酶制备壳寡糖工艺研究

壳聚糖经过纤维素酶催化降解,得到具有生理活性的壳寡糖。以3,5-二硝基水杨酸（DNS）比色法测定酶水解液中还原糖含量,考察pH、温度、底物浓度、加酶量及反应时间对酶反应的影响,得出最佳反应条件:pH为5.8,温度为55℃,底物浓度为20mg/mL,加酶量为100U/g底物,酶反应时间为4h,薄层层析分析证实有壳寡糖的产生。      

纤维素酶制备壳寡糖工艺研究

壳聚糖经过纤维素酶催化降解,得到具有生理活性的壳寡糖。以3,5-二硝基水杨酸(DNS)比色法测定酶水解液中还原糖含量,考察pH、温度、底物浓度、加酶量及反应时间对酶反应的影响,得出最佳反应条件:pH为5.8,温度为55℃,底物浓度为20mg/mL,加酶量为100U/g底物,酶反应时间为4h,薄层层析分析证实有壳寡糖的产生。     

沙苑子提取物中多酚含量的测定

研究Folin-Ciocalteu 比色法测定沙苑子中多酚含量的优化条件,并以优化的条件测定沙苑子不同溶剂提取物中多酚的含量。结果表明：Folin-Ciocalteu 显色剂(经稀释10 倍)用量1.00mL、7.5g/100mL Na2CO3 用量3.00mL、反应温度25℃、反应时间120min、测定波长647nm 为沙苑子中多酚含量测定的最佳条件,所用没食子酸标准品在10～100μg/mL 范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系(y=0.0081x － 0.0249,R2=0.9996);沙苑子甲醇、乙醇和丙酮溶液提取物的质量浓度为1g/100mL 左右时较适合测定其多酚的含量。     

MBTH法测木糖含量的研究

采用3-甲基-2-苯并噻唑酮腙(MBTH)比色法测定木糖含量,确定了测定木糖的最佳条件:600μL MBTH试剂加入到1.2mL木糖溶液(其中含有600μL 0.5mol/L NaOH)中,80℃水浴加热15min,趁热加入硫酸铁铵试剂,冷却后在650nm下测定吸光度A值。该方法测木糖的检测限为0.3μg/mL,检测浓度范围为1.0～29.2μg/mL。     

Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定大麦糟中总酚条件的优化

采用Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定大麦糟中总酚含量,以没食子酸为参照品确定最佳测定条件。结果表明,Folin-Ciocalteu用量1.0mL,8%Na_2CO_3用量3.0mL,显色温度25℃,反应时间60min,避光,检测波长760nm,没食子酸浓度在1~8μg/mL时与吸光度具有良好线性关系,其回归方程为y=0.121x+0.017 1,R~2=0.999 2。该方法操作简单、稳定性好、准确度高,可用于大麦多酚的定量分析。     

苯酚—硫酸法测定仁东大蒜中的总糖

对大蒜总糖的提取条件进行优化,研究表明,6 mol/L提取剂盐酸的量为10.0 mL、加入蒸馏水15 mL、提取时间为30min沸水浴加热时为最佳提取条件。以葡萄糖为对照,采用苯酚-硫酸做为显色剂,对该法从检测波长、显色剂用量、显色时间、显色温度等方面进行最佳显色条件的研究。结果显示,最佳显色条件为精密吸取对照品溶液和供试品溶液0.2 mL,加蒸馏水至2.0 mL,加入浓度为5%苯酚1.0 mL,迅速滴加浓硫酸5.0 mL,室温25℃放置5 min后摇匀,沸水浴加热15 min,冷却至室温25℃,在最大吸收波长490 nm处测定吸光度。该方法的线性范围为5.05μg/mL~40.4μg/mL,标准溶液和试样的精密度RSD分别为1.58%和1.08%,加标回收率为95.74%~98.28%。该方法用于玉林仁东等9种不同产地的大蒜总糖含量的测定,得大蒜中总糖的含量为170.0 mg/g~220.0 mg/g。     

改良的Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定核桃外果皮中总多酚含量

目的:建立核桃外果皮中总多酚含量的比色测定方法。方法:以没食子酸为对照品,对测定核桃外果皮中总多酚含量的比色条件,包括检测波长、碳酸钠溶液用量、Folin-Ciocalteu试剂用量、反应温度及时间对吸光值的影响进行了研究。结果:对照品标准曲线在1～7μg/mL范围内为y=0.1031x+0.0793,R2=0.9996,线性关系良好,测定方法为采用核桃外果皮中总多酚提取液1.0mL,Folin-Ciocalteu试剂1.0mL、15%的碳酸钠溶液4.0mL、30℃显色1.5h,平均回收率为100.2%(RSD=0.91%)。此条件下测得核桃外果皮中总多酚含量为3.306mg/g。结论:该方法简便快速、结果准确、重现性和稳定性好,可用于核桃外果皮中总多酚含量的测定。     

改良的Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定核桃外果皮中总多酚含量

目的:建立核桃外果皮中总多酚含量的比色测定方法。方法:以没食子酸为对照品,对测定核桃外果皮中总多酚含量的比色条件,包括检测波长、碳酸钠溶液用量、Folin-Ciocalteu试剂用量、反应温度及时间对吸光值的影响进行了研究。结果:对照品标准曲线在1～7μg/mL范围内为y=0.1031x+0.0793,R2=0.9996,线性关系良好,测定方法为采用核桃外果皮中总多酚提取液1.0mL,Folin-Ciocalteu试剂1.0mL、15%的碳酸钠溶液4.0mL、30℃显色1.5h,平均回收率为100.2%（RSD=0.91%）。此条件下测得核桃外果皮中总多酚含量为3.306mg/g。结论:该方法简便快速、结果准确、重现性和稳定性好,可用于核桃外果皮中总多酚含量的测定。      

茚三酮比色法定量检测赖氨酸条件的研究

根据α-氨基酸和茚三酮在一定条件下发生显色反应的原理,研究了茚三酮比色法测定赖氨酸含量的方法,探讨了溶液pH、显色剂用量、加热时间和冷却时间对茚三酮比色法定量检测赖氨酸的影响,并测定了赖氨酸标准曲线.结果表明:溶液pH为6.0,显色剂用量为1.0mL,加热15min,冷却10min,波长570nm处测定吸光度为茚三酮比色法测定赖氨酸含量的最佳检测条件.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the