均匀设计法优化超声波提取果酒黑莓渣中多糖的工艺

对黑莓果酒生产过程中产生的黑莓渣进行多糖提取研究,为黑莓副产物的综合开发利用提供理论依据。以多糖的提取率为考察指标,采用单因素试验和均匀设计试验,来优化黑莓渣中多糖的最佳提取工艺。结果表明,黑莓渣多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为复合纤维素酶用量2%,液料比26∶1,超声时间32 min,提取温度42℃,在此工艺条件下多糖的提取率为4.4%。     

山葡萄籽中原花青素提取工艺优化

目的：通过单因素与正交试验研究不同的提取温度、料液比、时间、溶剂体积分数等因素对原花青素提取率的影响,确定最佳提取工艺参数。方法：以山葡萄籽为原料,乙醇作为提取剂,通过香草醛-HPLC法测定提取物中原花青素的提取率,香草醛法测定黄烷-3-醇单体与原花青素的总含量,HPLC法测定黄烷-3-醇单体的含量,二者之差为原花青素总含量。结果：最佳工艺参数为乙醇体积分数70%、提取时间120min、提取温度60℃、料液比1:5(g/mL)。结论：在此工艺参数下,原花青素提取率为3.12%。     

响应面优化超声辅助提取珊瑚树叶原花青素工艺

原花青素是目前发现效果最好的自由基清除剂之一,珊瑚树叶中原花青含量丰富,提取其中的原花青素具有重要经济价值。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面试验研究乙醇体积分数、料液比、超声波时间对珊瑚树叶片中原花青素提取率的影响,通过建立超声波辅助提取珊瑚树叶原花青素的多元回归模型,优化原花青素的提取工艺参数。结果表明最佳工艺参数为:乙醇浓度85%,料液比1∶40(g/mL),超声时间37 min,在此条件下提取率为16.92%。与模型理论预测值相近,说明该模型回归性良好,试验的拟合程度高,可以用于珊瑚树叶原花青素提取率的预测,为珊瑚树叶中天然原花青素的开发利用提供科学数据。     

组织破碎法提取莲蓬中的原花青素工艺研究

目的:研究组织破碎法提取莲蓬中原花青素的工艺。方法:以莲蓬中原花青素得率为评价指标,通过单因素和正交试验确定组织破碎法提取莲蓬中原花青素的最佳工艺。结果:组织破碎法提取莲蓬中原花青素的最佳工艺技术如下,乙醇浓度50%、液料比为1:12、提取时间为4 min,提取电压为50 V。结论:组织破碎法提取莲蓬中花青素具有高效、省时、提取率高的特点。     

正交试验法优化莲子壳中原花青素的提取工艺

试验优选了莲子壳中原花青素的最佳提取工艺。以原花青素的提取率为指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验法,考察乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度、提取时间4因素对原花青素提取率的影响,优选其最佳提取条件。结果表明,优选出的最佳提取工艺为:提取溶剂50%乙醇,料液比1∶10(g/m L),提取温度65℃,提取时间3 h。该提取工艺操作简单,稳定性好,适用于工业化生产。     

酿酒葡萄渣粕原花青素提取工艺研究

以宁夏酿酒葡萄渣粕为原料,采用溶剂回流提取方法,以原花青素提取得率为考察指标,通过单因素试验及正交试验,确定宁夏酿酒葡萄渣粕中原花青素的提取工艺条件。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:体积分数为50%乙醇,提取温度60℃,料液比1∶10(g∶mL),提取时间45min,提取2次。在此优化条件下进行验证试验,在此最佳条件下,原花青素含量为78.50%,原花青素得率为15.20%。     

超声波和微波辅助提取苦水玫瑰鲜花和花渣中原花青素的工艺优化及其比较

优化超声波和微波辅助提取苦水玫瑰鲜花和花渣中原花青素的工艺,比较2?种方法的差异。以苦水玫瑰鲜花以及提取精油后的花渣为材料,在超声时间和超声温度、微波时间和微波温度单因素试验筛选的基础上,采用响应面法优化微波或超声波辅助提取原花青素的最佳工艺。单因素试验结果表明,在超声温度60?℃、超声时间20?min条件下,或微波温度60?℃、微波时间40?s条件时,原花青素的提取量最大。结合前期单因素试验的结果,即乙醇体积分数60%、提取温度75?℃、料液比1∶20（g/mL）、提取时间1.5?h,超声波或微波辅助提取鲜花中原花青素提取的最佳工艺条件为超声温度59?℃、超声时间17?min或微波温度61?℃、微波时间44?s,在此条件下,原花青素的提取量分别可达96.94?mg/g和100.81?mg/g。超声波或微波辅助提取花渣中原花青素最佳工艺条件为超声温度60?℃、超声时间20?min或微波温度60?℃、微波时间42?s,在此条件下,原花青素的提取量分别可达57.74?mg/g和58.74?mg/g。综上所述,超声波或微波辅助均可有效提取玫瑰鲜花和花渣中的原花青素,微波辅助提取的得率更高。     

从黑莓汁加工的废弃物中提取多酚类化合物

黑莓汁加工会产生大量的废弃物黑莓渣,黑莓渣富含多酚类生物活性物质。黑莓渣中总酚含量(以干基计)为6.86%(w/w),花色苷含量(以干基计)为0.38%(w/w)。从黑莓渣中提取多酚和花色苷的研究结果表明,花色苷的最佳提取工艺条件是:以80目的黑莓渣粉为原料,采用含有1%柠檬酸的50%乙醇溶液为提取剂,在35℃提取2次,每次30min、料液比为1∶10。花色苷的提取率为98.33%。总酚的最佳提取工艺条件是:以80目的黑莓渣粉为原料,用含有1%柠檬酸的50%乙醇溶液为提取剂,在55℃提取2次,每次15min、料液比为1∶10,在此条件下总酚的提取率为93.72%。     

马尾松松果中原花青素的提取研究

为了进一步开发利用马尾松,采用马尾松松果为原料,采用超声波法辅助提取原花青素,研究其中原花青素的含量。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法对提取工艺进行优化,得到最佳的提取条件为:乙醇浓度60%、超声时间40 min、超声功率35 W、pH 8,原花青素提取率为13.68 mg/g。试验结果表明马尾松松果含有较为丰富的原花青素,具有研究开发的价值。     

响应面试验优化微波法提取刺玫籽原花青素的工艺

利用响应面分析,对微波法提取刺玫籽中原花青素工艺进行优化。采用铁盐催化法测定原花青素质量分数,结果表明刺玫籽中原花青素总含量为（1.55±0.12） g/100 g。单因素试验结果表明,六偏磷酸钠添加量为0.2%时能达到最佳稳定效果。在此基础上,选取提取时间、料液比、微波功率、乙醇体积分数为自变量,以原花青素提取率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken设计方法,研究各因素及其交互作用对原花青素提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为：提取时间70 s、料液比1∶20（g/mL）、微波功率360 W、乙醇体积分数60%。经验证,单次提取原花青素的提取率为72.58%,与预测值73.46%相比,相对误差为1.12%,表明优化工艺参数可靠。提取次数为3 次时,原花青素提取率可以达到93.19%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press