硅-丙共聚物微胶乳的合成及性能表征

通过连续乳液聚合方法合成了平均粒径59.8 nm、粒径分布窄、固含量达42%的硅-丙微胶乳。考察了聚合温度、乳化剂用量、引发剂用量、功能性单体用量对乳液及乳胶膜性能的影响。FT-IR分析表明,丙烯酸酯和有机硅发生共聚;反应温度为80℃~85℃时,得到的乳液的乳胶粒较小,而胶膜的吸水率随温度的升高而降低;乳化剂用量、引发剂用量、功能性单体M AA用量增加,胶膜吸水率增大;乳化剂用量为单体质量的4%、引发剂用量为单体质量的0.375%、M AA用量占单体质量的1%~2%时,乳液粒径最小;适量M AA的加入,可有效抑制反应过程中凝聚物的产生。     

O/W型微乳液法制备PMMA纳米粒子研究--PMMA粒径及分布、分子量和结构分析

采用动态激光光散射(DLS)研究了单体、引发剂和乳化剂用量对微乳液聚合PMMA的粒径及分布、分子量的影响.DLS分析结果表明,PMMA的粒径为25～60nm,M-w 为1×106～5×106.随单体用量增大,PMMA粒径变大;随引发剂用量增大,PMMA粒径变小;PMMA粒径分布随单体和引发剂用量提高而变宽.在8%～12%(质量分数)范围内,随乳化剂用量增大PMMA粒径增大,分布变窄,然后随着乳化剂用量的进一步增加,PMMA粒径减小.引发剂用量减少和乳化剂用量增加均使PMMA分子量提高.FT-IR和DSC分析结果表明,采用微乳液聚合方法制备的PMMA是以间规立构为主,PMMA分子链的局部有序性得到了提高.     

氧化还原引发无皂乳液聚合制备单分散热敏性微球

在可聚合乳化剂甲基丙烯磺酸钠存在下,以过硫酸钾和亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发体系,将苯乙烯和N-异丙基丙烯酰胺进行无皂乳液聚合,制得粒径大小在200 nm~300 nm范围内的单分散热敏性聚(苯乙烯/甲基丙烯磺酸钠/N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)微球。通过透射电镜观察微球形态和大小,并采用激光光散射粒度仪考察微球粒径大小随温度变化情况。探讨了水溶性单体/油溶性单体比、引发剂用量等对微球粒径大小的影响。结果表明,制备的乳胶粒粒径在32℃附近明显减小,呈现出热敏性质;微球粒径随水溶性单体/油溶性单体比的增大而减小,随引发剂用量的增大而增大。     

复合乳化剂对八甲基环四硅氧烷微乳液聚合的影响

以八甲基环四硅氧烷为单体,十八烷基三甲基氯化铵与异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚为复合乳化剂,于80℃开环聚合制备有机硅氧烷微乳液。考察了非离子乳化剂、阳离子乳化剂、乳化剂配比和乳化剂用量对微乳液的粒径、粒径多分散指数(PDI)、透光率以及微乳液稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,非离子乳化剂有利于提高微乳液的相对稳定性并且使粒径分布更窄;阳离子乳化剂能够使乳液的粒径变小;随着阳离子乳化剂与非离子乳化剂的质量比增加,乳液粒径先减小后稳定;随着复合乳化剂用量的增加,乳液粒径变小,透光率增加,电解质相对稳定性上升而碱的相对稳定性却随之下降。     

酮肼交联在空调铝箔用涂料上的应用

以双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)作为功能单体,采用种子乳液法制备了含有酮羰基的聚丙烯酸酯乳液。将此乳液与己二酸二酰肼(ADH)混合,制备了空调铝箔用涂料,并讨论了DAAM的量对涂膜耐腐蚀性能、聚合物膜力学性能、乳液粒径分布的影响,并通过原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了膜表面形态和表面粗糙度。研究结果表明,随着DAAM用量的增大,乳液粒径先减小后增大,粘度先增大后减小;耐腐蚀性增强;聚丙烯酸酯膜的拉伸强度得到改善,断裂伸长率减小。随着酮肼的加入,聚丙烯酸酯膜表面的光滑度增大,粗糙度减小。     

聚丙烯酸酯/纳米TiO2复合皮革涂饰剂的研究

以钛酸丁酯为纳米TiO2的前驱体,丙烯酰胺、醋酸乙烯酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯为单体,乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A-151)为偶联剂,采用双原位乳液聚合法制备聚丙烯酸酯/纳米TiO2复合涂饰剂。考察引发剂用量、反应时间及钛酸丁酯用量对乳液及其涂膜性能的影响,并采用红外光谱和透射电镜对复合涂饰剂的结构进行表征。结果表明,随着引发剂和钛酸丁酯用量的增加,涂膜的抗张强度先减小后增大,断裂伸长率先增大后减小,耐水性先增加后减弱;而随着反应时间的延长,涂膜的抗张强度及断裂伸长率呈现与引发剂和钛酸丁酯用量相反的趋势,耐水性基本呈现减弱趋势。红外光谱及透射电镜结果表明纳米TiO2存在于聚丙烯酸酯中,且主要存在于聚丙烯酸酯乳胶粒的表面。     

核壳结构丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备及对聚碳酸酯的增韧

采用半连续乳液聚合方法制备了聚丙烯酸丁酯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PBA/PMMA)核壳结构乳液,经处理制得丙烯酸酯共聚物(ACR),再用ACR对聚碳酸酯(PC)进行增韧改性。研究了引发剂用量、乳化剂配比和用量、交联单体的用量对聚合物乳液的影响,以及ACR含量、核壳比、乳化剂用量和交联单体等对共混物力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜对共混物冲击断面形貌进行了研究。实验结果表明,随乳化剂用量的增大,乳胶平均粒径减小。在乳化剂用量一定时,随乳化剂中OP-10的增加,乳胶平均粒径增大。在核壳结构乳液中核壳质量比为75/25,交联单体用量为8%,乳化剂用量为3%的条件下,共混物中ACR质量分数为6%时,共混物缺口冲击强度最大,使用交联单体二甲基丙烯酸丁二醇酯(BDDMA)的共混物缺口冲击强度是使用交联单体二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)的共混物缺口冲击强度的2倍。随着ACR含量的增加,PC/ACR的缺口冲击强度增加,拉伸强度和弯曲强度略有下降。扫描电镜表明,ACR在PC/ACR中分散粒径大于乳胶粒径。     

核壳型纳米TiO2改性含氟聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液的合成和性能

为了制备表面自由能低、耐候性和紫外吸收性优异的聚丙烯酸酯乳液,采用无皂乳液聚合技术,合成了核壳型纳米TiO2改性含氟聚丙烯酸酯无皂乳液,采用透射电镜(TEM)对其形貌进行观察,并探讨引发剂、可聚合乳化剂、含氟单体、纳米TiO2的用量以及2种不合氟的单体的配比对乳液紫外吸收性能及吸水性的影响.结果表明:引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)用量(相对于总单体的质量分数)为1.2％,可聚合乳化剂烷基乙烯基磺酸盐(AVS)用量(相对于总单体的质量分数)为3.5％,不合氟单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)的质量比为2.0∶3.0,含氟单体甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯(DFMA)用量(相对于MMA单体和BA单体用量之和的质量分数)为6％时,乳液的聚合稳定性好,单体转化率高,聚合物膜的疏水性强;纳米TiO2粒子成功地被含氟聚丙烯酸酯聚合物包裹,形成了以纳米TiO2/聚丙烯酸酯为核,含氟聚丙烯酸酯聚合物为壳的核壳结构,纳米TiO2用量(相对于总单体的质量分数)为0.3％时,乳液的紫外吸收性能最好.     

乳液聚合合成单分散纳米级PMMA微球

采用乳液聚合法制备了单分散性聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）纳米微球,分析了聚合过程中不同单体滴加时间、不同表面活性剂用量、不同引发剂用量以及不同引发剂种类等因素对聚合体系中微球的粒径以及粒径分布的影响,研究表明,PMMA微球的粒径随单体滴加时间、表面活性剂用量、引发剂用量的增加而减小;采用AIBN引发剂制备的微球的粒径较采用KPS引发剂大。     

无皂苯丙乳液的粒径与成核机理

研究了甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丙烯酸丁酯(BA)-苯乙烯(St)-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)四元无皂乳液聚合体系中各种因素对单体转化率、乳胶粒大小及分布的影响,并对其成核机理进行了分析。结果表明,在引发剂用量一定的条件下,引发剂的加入方式对单体转化率和乳胶粒的单分散性均有很大的影响;引发剂含量增大,聚合温度升高,单体转化率先升高后趋稳定,乳胶粒粒径和分散度先减小后增大;反应性乳化剂量增大,乳胶粒粒径和分散度均逐渐减小。在所研究的条件下,含有反应性乳化剂的无皂苯丙乳液聚合体系以均相成核为主。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．