空心微珠-碳纤维共混改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

通过模压成型制备了碳纤维与空心微珠共混改性的聚酰亚胺复合材料, 采用MRH-3型摩擦磨损试验机研究了空心微珠含量、滑动速度及载荷对复合材料摩擦学性能的影响, 并对其磨损形貌及机制进行了分析。结果表明: 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦学性能优于其单独填充的聚酰亚胺基复合材料; 空心微珠含量对共混改性的复合材料摩擦系数影响不大, 但其磨损率随着空心微珠含量的增加先减小后增大; 15%空心微珠-10%碳纤维(质量分数)共混增强的复合材料的减摩耐磨性能最佳; 随着滑动速度提高, 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦系数下降, 磨损率增大; 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦系数随着载荷增加先下降后上升, 而磨损率则随着载荷增加而增大; 空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺的主要磨损机制在较低载荷时为磨粒磨损, 在较高载荷时为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

空心微珠-碳纤维共混改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦学性能

通过模压成型制备了碳纤维与空心微珠共混改性的聚酰亚胺复合材料,采用MRH-3型摩擦磨损试验机研究了空心微珠含量、滑动速度及载荷对复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,并对其磨损形貌及机制进行了分析.结果表明:空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦学性能优于其单独填充的聚酰亚胺基复合材料;空心微珠含量对共混改性的复合材料摩擦系数影响不大,但其磨损率随着空心微珠含量的增加先减小后增大;15％空心微珠-10％碳纤维(质量分数)共混增强的复合材料的减摩耐磨性能最佳;随着滑动速度提高,空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦系数下降,磨损率增大;空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料摩擦系数随着载荷增加先下降后上升,而磨损率则随着载荷增加而增大;空心微珠-碳纤维/聚酰亚胺的主要磨损机制在较低载荷时为磨粒磨损,在较高载荷时为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.     

石墨烯微片对尼龙6的改性研究

采用共混法制备尼龙6/石墨烯微片(GNPs)复合材料,研究了其导电性能、摩擦磨损性能及力学性能,并利用扫描电镜观察分析了材料磨损表面形貌,同时将其结果与炭黑(CB)体系进行了比较。结果表明,PA6/GPNs的渗滤阀值为15%(质量分数,下同),远低于PA6/CB的30%;GNPs的加入降低了材料的摩擦系数和磨损率,并在其含量为10%时达到最佳,分别降低30%和50%;提高了材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度,但冲击强度下降。CB的加入提高了材料的耐磨性、硬度,但摩擦性能、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和冲击强度均下降。     

碳纤维增强尼龙1010的力学性能及其对摩擦磨损的影响

用碳纤维填充尼龙1010制备了碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料,并对碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能进行了实验研究。力学实验结果表明:碳纤维增强使尼龙复合材料的拉伸强度、表面硬度增大,碳纤维增强尼龙材料的拉伸强度在20%碳纤维含量时达到最大值;碳纤维表面处理对尼龙复合材料的拉伸强度有很大影响,碳纤维表面氧化处理提高了碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料的拉伸强度。摩擦磨损实验表明:碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率与其拉伸强度和硬度有密切关系。随着拉伸强度和硬度的提高,尼龙复合材料摩擦系数和磨损率降低;摩擦系数和磨损率与拉伸强度具有反比关系,与材料硬度具有二次方程关系,与碳纤维填充量之间存在负指数变化规律。      

炭纤维/聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

分别采用热空气氧化后经钛酸酯偶联剂处理炭纤维(CF)和氩等离子体处理聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)分散液包覆炭纤维制备CF/PTFE复合材料,研究这两种CF表面改性方法对复合材料拉伸性能及摩擦磨损性能的影响,并采用扫描电子显微镜对试样拉伸断面与磨损表面进行观察和分析。结果表明,热空气氧化后经偶联剂处理炭纤维可使CF/PTFE复合材料的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率分别提高33%和82%、磨损率下降44%,氩等离子体处理PTFE分散液包覆炭纤维可使复合材料的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率分别提高49%和100%、磨损率下降56%。     

改性炭纤维增强聚四氟乙烯复合材料的制备

研究了不同处理条件对复合材料拉伸、摩擦性能的影响,并对拉伸断口及磨损表面形貌进行了分析。结果表明,Ar等离子体处理、聚四氟乙烯乳液包覆的炭纤维能有效增大复合材料界面结合力并提高拉伸强度;当处理时间为9 min时,复合材料的拉伸强度为24.3 MPa,断裂伸长率为340%,磨损率为2.4×10-6mm3/N.m;与纯PTFE相比,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了48%和100%,磨损率下降55.6%。     

木质纤维素/蒙脱土/炭黑-白炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用木质纤维素/蒙脱土(LNC/MMT)部分替代炭黑-白炭黑双相填料(CSDPF)作为天然橡胶(NR)补强剂制备LNC/MMT/CSDPF/NR复合材料,探讨了LNC/MMT与CSDPF配比对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着LNC/MMT比例的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,断裂伸长率逐渐上升,硬度略微下降。当LNC/MMT与CSDPF质量比为10∶30时,复合材料的综合力学性能最优,其拉伸强度为26.8MPa,撕裂强度为50.2kN/m,断裂伸长率为702.5%,邵氏A硬度为65.7。随着LNC/MMT比例的增加,复合材料的焦烧时间逐渐缩短,正硫化时间先下降后略微上升,热稳定性逐渐下降。     

PEEK与纳米TiO_2填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用高速机械搅拌的方式充分混合原料,然后用模具将混合好的材料冷压成型,再通过一定的烧结程序制备不同体积含量的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和纳米TiO2协同填充改性的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料试样。利用MRH-3摩擦磨损实验机在不同实验条件下对试样进行摩擦学性能的测试。磨损后用QuantaFEG450扫描电镜对钢环表面的摩擦形貌进行观察与分析。实验结果表明,填充PEEK可大幅降低PTFE复合材料的体积磨损率,但复合材料的摩擦系数却随PEEK含量的增加而表现出逐渐上升的趋势。用不同含量的纳米TiO2填充10%PEEK/PTFE,摩擦系数和体积磨损率都表现出随纳米TiO2含量的增加而逐步上升的趋势,其中2%Nana-TiO2/10%PEEK/PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数和体积磨损率最小。当滑动速度和载荷分别超过2m/s和200N后对复合材料的磨损率有显著地影响,而环境温度在25~120℃范围内变化对磨损率和摩擦系数的影响均不明显。     

纺丝液合成因素对木材液化物炭纤维原丝性能的影响

利用木材苯酚液化物合成纺丝液, 熔融纺丝制成新的炭纤维原丝, 研究了纺丝液合成因素对原丝性能的影响。试验结果表明: 增加合成纺丝液时液化原料中的苯酚/木材比(液固比), 则原丝的力学性能提高明显, 其中液固比由3增加至4时, 原丝拉伸强度增加了近9倍; 合成剂用量的增加却导致原丝力学性能的降低, 当合成剂用量为6%时, 原丝的拉伸强度和拉伸模量降幅较明显, 而断裂伸长率的最大降幅却出现在合成剂用量为4%时; 原丝的拉伸强度和拉伸模量随合成温度的升高而增加, 但增幅较小, 断裂伸长率随合成温度的升高却呈下降趋势, 且从110℃升高到115℃时断裂伸长率降幅较大; 原丝的力学性能随合成纺丝液升温时间的增加而先升高后降低, 升温时间为40min时制备的炭纤维原丝的力学性能最优。      

MoS_2和石墨对Ni-Cr基复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

用粉末冶金方法制备Ni-Cr基自润滑复合材料,研究了固体润滑剂MoS_2和石墨对复合材料的机械性能和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,随着MoS_2含量的增加,复合材料的显微硬度明显降低;MoS_2添加量从10%(质量分数,下同)增加到15%,复合材料摩擦系数和磨损率的变化并不明显。随着石墨含量的增加,复合材料的显微硬度呈逐渐降低的趋势,在400℃和800℃的摩擦系数呈升高趋势,石墨添加量为10%时室温摩擦系数最小。同时添加5%MoS_2和10%石墨时,复合材料的摩擦系数保持在0.48-0.65,石墨与MoS_2之间存在着协同效应,但是磨损率比添加单一润滑剂时高一个数量级。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.