3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸抑制酪氨酸酶催化反应的动力学研究

在30℃,p H=6.8的Na2HPO4-Na H2PO4缓冲体系中,采用酶动力学方法研究了3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活力的影响和抑制动力学。实验结果表明,3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活性均有良好的抑制作用。对单酚酶和二酚酶活力的相对抑制率达到50%的3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸浓度(IC50)约分别为0.13 mmol/L和0.39 mmol/L,比熊果苷抑制二酚酶活性的IC50值5.3 mmol/L小得多。3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸能明显延长单酚酶的迟滞时间,0.2 mmol/L3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸能使迟滞时间由1.1 min延长至4.3 min。对二酚酶的抑制作用表现为可逆效应,说明其是通过抑制酶活力而导致催化效率的降低,而不是通过减少有效的酶量导致酶活力的下降。Lineweaver-Burk图显示3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸对二酚酶的抑制作用表现为竞争性抑制,最大反应速率(vm)为64.5μmol/min,抑制常数(KI)为0.11 mmol/L。     

儿茶素对马铃薯酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

采用分光光度计法测定酶液加入量、底物浓度、温度、pH 值对酶活力的影响,确定最适反应条件。在30℃、pH6.8 的Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4 缓冲体系中,采用酶动力学方法研究儿茶素对马铃薯酪氨酸酶的抑制效应。结果表明：反应最适条件为酶液加入量0.5mL、底物浓度2mmol/L、温度30℃、pH6.8。儿茶素对马铃薯酪氨酸酶有抑制作用,抑制率达到50% 的儿茶素质量浓度(IC50)约为0.27mg/mL;Lineweaver-Burk 图显示儿茶素对马铃薯酪氨酸酶的抑制作用表现为竞争型抑制,抑制常数(KI)为0.16mg/mL。     

白藜芦醇对酪氨酸酶体外抑制活性的动力学研究

在30℃,pH 6.8的Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4的缓冲体系中,采用酶促动力学方法,研究了白藜芦醇对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶的抑制作用。结果表明,白藜芦醇对酪氨酸酶、单酚酶和二酚酶均有抑制作用,对单酚酶抑制活性的IC50值(抑制率达到50%时的白藜芦醇质量浓度)约为5.1mg/mL,对二酚酶抑制活性的IC50值约为5.6 mg/mL。此外,白藜芦醇可延长单酚酶的迟滞效应,8 mg/mL的白藜芦醇能使迟滞时间从22 s延长至62 s,而对二酚酶则无此迟滞作用。Lineweav-er-Burk图分析表明,白藜芦醇对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用为混合型抑制,对游离酶的抑制常数(KI)和对酶-底物络合物的抑制常数(KIS)分别为3.4 mg/mL和35.98 mg/mL。     

阿魏酸异辛酯抑制酪氨酸酶活性的动力学研究

在30℃,pH=6.8的Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲体系中,采用酶动力学方法研究阿魏酸异辛酯对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活力的抑制动力学。实验结果表明,阿魏酸异辛酯对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活性均有良好抑制作用,对单酚酶和二酚酶活力的相对抑制率达到50%的阿魏酸异辛酯浓度(IC50)约分别为0.24 mmol/L和0.45 mmol/L,比熊果苷抑制二酚酶活性的IC50值5.3 mmol/L小得多。阿魏酸异辛酯能明显延长单酚酶的迟滞时间,0.4 mmol/L阿魏酸异辛酯能使迟滞时间由1.1 min延长至3.6 min。Lineweaver-Burk图显示阿魏酸异辛酯对二酚酶的抑制作用表现为竞争性抑制,抑制常数(K)I为0.20 mmol/L。     

肉桂腈抑制酪氨酸酶活性的动力学研究

在30℃、pH6.8的Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲体系中,采用酶动力学方法研究了肉桂腈对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活力的抑制动力学。实验结果表明,肉桂腈对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活性均有良好抑制作用,对单酚酶和二酚酶活力的相对抑制率达到50%的肉桂腈浓度(IC50)分别为0.13mmol/L和0.62mmol/L。肉桂腈能延长单酚酶的迟滞时间,0.2mmol/L肉桂腈能使迟滞时间由2min延长至2.7min。Lineweaver-Burk图显示肉桂腈对二酚酶的抑制作用表现为非竞争性可逆抑制,表观米氏常数(Km)为0.90mmol/L,抑制常数(KI)为0.64mmol/L。     

龙眼核多酚提取物对酪氨酸酶抑制作用的研究

研究龙眼核多酚提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用。用龙眼核多酚提取物,分别以L-酪氨酸、L-多巴为底物,在475 nm处测定溶液吸光度和吸光度的变化,观察龙眼核多酚对单酚酶、双酚酶活性的影响。结果表明龙眼核多酚对酪氨酸单酚酶、二酚酶均有抑制作用,半抑制浓度IC_(50)分别为12.68、11.81 mg/m L。龙眼核多酚为酪氨酸酶可逆竞争性抑制剂,抑制常数(KI)为0.538 mg/m L。     

羊栖菜多糖提取物对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用研究

目的:研究羊栖菜多糖提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用和对结构的影响。方法:提取羊栖菜多糖并测定含量,以L-DOPA为底物,在475nm处测定吸光度,观察羊栖菜多糖提取物对酪氨酸酶二酚酶活力的影响;测定羊栖菜多糖作用下酪氨酸酶内源荧光和ANS结合的荧光的变化,以判断对酶结构的影响情况。结果:羊栖菜多糖提取物对蘑菇酪氨酸酶有明显的抑制作用,可以导致酪氨酸酶的二酚酶活力下降。羊栖菜多糖使二酚酶活力下降一半时的抑制剂浓度(IC50)为(2.16±0.37)mg/mL。羊栖菜多糖对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用是一个可逆过程,抑制类型为混合型抑制。通过动力学分析,测得羊栖菜多糖对酪氨酸酶的抑制常数(Ki)为(4.34±0.56)mg/mL。荧光测定结果表明,羊栖菜多糖的结合引起酪氨酸酶三级结构的明显改变。结论:羊栖菜多糖与酪氨酸酶的结合引起酶结构的变化,并以混合抑制的方式可逆抑制酪氨酸酶的二酚酶活性。本实验为进一步研究和设计新型酪氨酸酶抑制剂奠定科学基础。     

菊苣酸抗氧化性及对抑制酪氨酸酶催化反应的动力学研究

以DPPH、·OH的清除效果和铁还原力为指标,采用酶动力学方法研究菊苣酸的抗氧化活性和对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶的影响及抑制作用。结果表明:菊苣酸对DPPH、·OH自由基的清除率和铁还原力与菊苣酸浓度呈线性量效关系,IC_(50)值分别为13.63,14.26和13.78 mg/L。菊苣酸对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶均具有较好的抑制作用,对单酚酶和二酚酶活性抑制的IC_(50)值分别为0.26 mmol/L和0.71 mmol/L,显著小于熊果苷对二酚酶活性抑制的IC_(50)值(5.3 mmol/L)。菊苣酸能明显延长单酚酶的迟滞时间。在浓度为0.40 mmol/L时,菊苣酸可使迟滞时间由134 s延长至383 s,延长2.87倍。Lineweaver-Burk菊苣酸对二酚酶的抑制表现为可逆竞争型抑制,最大反应速率(vm)为83.30μmol/L,抑制常数(KI)为0.14 mmol/L。     

对香豆酸、阿魏酸和低聚糖阿魏酸酯对酪氨酸酶的抑制效果

通过测定酶的稳态活力、迟滞时间和动力学参数,研究对香豆酸、阿魏酸及低聚糖阿魏酸酯对酪氨酸酶的抑制效果。结果表明,3种物质对酪氨酸酶单酚酶活性均有抑制作用,其中对香豆酸的抑制作用最强,其次为低聚糖阿魏酸酯和阿魏酸。对香豆酸、低聚糖阿魏酸酯和阿魏酸对单酚酶的IC_(50)值分别为0.75,3.20,9.30 mmol/L。对香豆酸和阿魏酸抑制二酚酶活性,IC_(50)值分别为4.3,12.7mmol/L;但低聚糖阿魏酸酯对二酚酶活力没有影响。对香豆酸能明显延长单酚酶反应的迟滞时间,阿魏酸影响很小,而低聚糖阿魏酸酯则缩短迟滞时间。动力学研究结果显示,阿魏酸和低聚糖阿魏酸酯对单酚酶的抑制作用表现为混合性抑制,而对香豆酸为竞争性抑制。     

咖啡酸激活酪氨酸酶催化反应的动力学研究

在30℃,pH6.8的Na2HPO4-NaH2PO4缓冲体系中,采用酶动力学方法研究了咖啡酸对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活力的激活效应.实验结果表明,咖啡酸对酪氨酸酶单酚酶和二酚酶活性均有激活作用,对单酚酶和二酚酶活力的相对激活率达到50%的咖啡酸浓度(IC50)分别为0.27mmol/L和1.35mmol/L.咖啡酸能消除单酚酶催化反应的迟滞时间,对二酚酶的激活作用表现为混合性激活,当咖啡酸浓度为0、0.50、1.0、1.50mmol/L时,米氏常数Km分别为0.31、0.25、0.20、0.15mmol/L.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press