蛋氨酸对宫内发育迟缓断奶仔猪血浆生化指标和肠道消化吸收功能的影响

目的:研究蛋氨酸对宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）断奶仔猪血浆生化指标和肠道消化吸收功能的调节作用。方法:所有仔猪于21 d龄断奶,30头正常出生体重（NBW）断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮（NBW-CON组）,60头IUGR断奶仔猪随机分成两个处理组,分别饲喂基础日粮（IUGR-CON组）和添加0.12%蛋氨酸的实验日粮（IUGR-MET组）,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复5头猪,实验期为28 d。结果:与NBW-CON断奶仔猪相比,IUGR-CON断奶仔猪血浆尿素氮含量显著升高（p<0.05）,血浆总蛋白和D-木糖含量显著降低（p<0.05）。IUGR-CON断奶仔猪粗蛋白和总能表观消化率、空肠食糜胰蛋白酶活性、黏膜碱性磷酸酶和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性均显著降低（p<0.05）。与IUGR-CON断奶仔猪相比,IUGR-MET断奶仔猪血浆尿素氮含量显著降低（p<0.05）,血浆D-木糖含量显著升高（p<0.05）。日粮添加0.12%蛋氨酸显著缓解IUGR介导断奶仔猪粗蛋白表观消化率、空肠食糜胰蛋白酶活性和黏膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性降低（p<0.05）。结论:日粮添加0.12%蛋氨酸可降低IUGR断奶仔猪血浆尿素氮含量,并在一定程度上缓解了IUGR对断奶仔猪肠道消化吸收功能的不良影响。      

Various indicators of renal function in experimental malnutrition

Study of renal function in rats during long-term choline-protein deficiency has demonstrated the development of renal failure in the late stages of experiments. After the period of recovery all the parameters under study returned to normal, with the exception of blood serum concentration of endogenous creatinine, which in experimental group animals was lower (p less than 0.025) as compared with this indicator in the control.     

Effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FBT215 and prebiotics on the gut microbiota structure of mice

Food Science and Biotechnology - Imbalanced intestinal microbiota is associated with diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, and diet can alter the structure of the gut...     

黄酒对高脂饮食小鼠的肥胖指标及肠道菌群的影响

该实验研究了黄酒对高脂饮食小鼠体质量、总脂肪、摄食量、血脂及肠道菌群的影响。将60只6周龄无特定病原（SPF）级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为5组,空白对照组饲喂基础饲料,高脂对照组和黄酒高、中、低剂量组饲喂高脂饲料。连续灌喂120 d后,测定相关肥胖指标和肠道菌群的变化。结果表明,黄酒能够减少高脂饮食小鼠的摄食量,抑制小鼠脂肪堆积和体质量的增加;降低甘油三酯（TG）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量,提高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）含量;物种α-多样性分析结果显示,黄酒能够改善高脂饮食小鼠肠道菌群多样性,提高狄氏副拟杆菌（Parabacteroides distasonis）含量。黄酒通过抑制高脂饮食小鼠食欲降低其体质量增加,通过调节肠道菌群比例从而改善小鼠血脂异常。     

日粮亮氨酸水平与宫内发育迟缓对断奶仔猪肝脏抗氧化功能的影响

研究日粮亮氨酸水平与宫内发育迟缓（IUGR）对断奶仔猪肝脏抗氧化功能的影响。挑选16头正常初生重（NBW）仔猪和16头IUGR仔猪,公母各半。仔猪于14日龄断奶,采用2×2因子设计,一半NBW与IUGR断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮,剩余断奶仔猪饲喂添加0.35%亮氨酸的实验日粮,即4个处理组,每个处理组8个重复,每个重复1头仔猪。实验期为21 d。结果表明:与NBW断奶仔猪相比,IUGR断奶仔猪肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活力显著降低,丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（p<0.05）。IUGR断奶仔猪肝脏线粒体锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量较NBW断奶仔猪均显著降低（p<0.05）。另外,IUGR显著降低断奶仔猪肝脏核转录因子2（Nrf2）、超氧化物歧化酶1（SOD1）、超氧化物歧化酶2（SOD2）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶1（GPx1）mRNA表达量（p<0.05）。日粮添加0.35%亮氨酸可显著降低断奶仔猪肝脏MDA含量,显著提高SOD2 mRNA表达量（p<0.05）。高亮氨酸水平日粮可显著缓解IUGR介导断奶仔猪线粒体GSH含量降低与肝脏SOD2和GPx1mRNA表达下调（p<0.05）。因此,日粮添加0.35%亮氨酸,可降低断奶仔猪肝脏脂质过氧化程度,一定程度缓解了IUGR对断奶仔猪肝脏抗氧化功能的不良影响。      

Effect of alimentary protein deficiency in the early postnatal period on the function of the immunocompetent system in rats

The influence of protein deficiency in the early postnatal period on the functional and morphological characteristics of the immunocompetent system was studied in 76 test and 60 control rats, 4 and 12 months after the experiment commencement. It was shown that protein deficiency in the early postnatal period induced shifts in the cellular parameters of the immunologic responsiveness, mainly, producing no significant changes in the nonspecific factors of body defence. The impairing effect of protein deficiency was more manifest at the early steps of the body development.     

Effects of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides on gut microbiota composition and metabolism in vitro fermentation

Food Science and Biotechnology - Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides (FVP) exhibit many biological activities, but the effects on gut microflora and metabolism were still unclear. Here, we...     

膳食纤维通过调节肠道微生物及其代谢产物对动脉粥样硬化的影响研究进展

膳食纤维是一种不可被消化和吸收的碳水化合物聚合物,能够通过调节肠道微生物群的生长,促进肠道微生物区系的动态平衡,进而影响肠道微生物代谢产物如脂多糖、三甲胺N-氧化物、短链脂肪酸和胆汁酸的产生,达到调节宿主生理健康的目的.动脉粥样硬化是一种慢性炎症性疾病,其发生发展与脂质代谢紊乱和炎症反应关系密切.而肠道微生物及其代谢产...     

Effect of zinc on the body in protein-calorie malnutrition

It is shown that addition of zinc into the ration of pigs suffering from protein calorie deficiency leads to increased food consumption and its utilization in the body attended by a rise of the protein and fat absorption coefficient and by diminution of food expenditure for body mass increment. Immune processes are intensified which is expressed in the growth of the leucocyte count, phagocytic coefficient and blood neutrophil index. The nutrition improvement is manifested by the increase of body mass increment, red blood cell number and hemoglobin level in the blood, and by the shift of the leucocytic formula to the left; skin lesions disappear. In most animals these effects of zinc are manifest no less than the effect of protein addition to the ration. The most pronounced effect is obtained when zinc and protein are used simultaneously.     

Effects of DDT and lindane on thyroid function in the rat]

Using the previously described test method, the authors studied with the aid of iodine-131 labelled NaI the effects of daily doses of 30 and 75 mg DDT/kg of body weight, and of 12 and 36 mg of lindane/kg of body weight on the iodine and hormone metabolism in the rat. With DDT, the authors observed a marked increase of the thyroid mass and of the thyroid tri-iodothyronine and thyroxin levels and a simultaneous decrease of the thyroid iodine level. The values for serum iodine and protein-bound iodine were reduced. Serum thyroxin was slightly increased. Serum tri-iodothyronine was markedly increased, which was also true of the iodine fractions in the liver. Lindane was considerably less effective. Only the decrease of thyroid tri-iodothyronine and the simultaneous increase of thyroid thyroxin were striking. In the serum, both hormones remained unchanged. The values for the urine fractions of both the active principles were indicative of a hypofunction. The causes of the changes observed were discussed with regard to the findings of other authors. The present results permit the conclusion that the effects of the pesticides tested are obviously complex by nature.     

Fabrication of quercetin-loaded nanoparticles based on Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides and their modulatory effects on intestinal function and gut microbiota in vivo

This research was aimed to construct the nanoparticles based on Hohenbuehelia serotina polysaccharides for encapsulation of quercetin (QC-HSP NPs), and investigate their effects on intestinal function and gut microbiota in mice. Results showed that in comparison with HSP and control, QC-HSP NPs significantly improved immune organ indexes, colon length, fecal moisture content and intestinal peristalsis capacity of mice. The productions of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in colon were also increased after treatment with QC-HSP NPs, while the colonic fecal pH was decreased and defecation time was shortened. Through analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing, QC-HSP NPs could increase α and β diversities of gut microbiota, modulate their structure and composition, and increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria together with reducing the richness of harmful bacteria. In addition, QC-HSP NPs ameliorated the metabolic functions of gut microbiota by modulating metabolic pathways. This study suggested that QC-HSP NPs might be served as a prebiotic for protecting intestinal health.     

江蓠藻膳食纤维对衰老小鼠免疫功能与抗氧化作用的影响

目的:研究江蓠藻膳食纤维对衰老模型小鼠免疫功能及抗氧化作用的影响。方法:小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、燕麦膳食纤维组（400mg/kg体重）及江蓠藻膳食纤维高、中、低剂量组（800、400、200mg/kg体重）。在给药的同时,除空白对照组外,其余各组小鼠每天颈背皮下注射10%D-半乳糖0.25mL,连续给药40d后,测定迟发性变态反应（DTH）,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能,胸腺、脾脏系数,血清及脾脏中超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）的活性、过氧化氢酶（CAT）及丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果:江蓠藻膳食纤维能够明显促进迟发型超敏反应的发生,增强巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,提高脾脏和胸腺的脏器系数,激活小鼠血清及脾脏中抗氧化酶的活性,降低MDA的含量。结论:江蓠藻膳食纤维可增强衰老小鼠的免疫功能。      

Metabolism of anthocyanins and consequent effects on the gut microbiota

Abstract

Anthocyanins are natural water-soluble polyphenols present in fruits and vegetables. Health-promoting effects attributed to anthocyanins are mainly associated with oxidative stress inhibition and gut microbiota modulation. Dietary anthocyanins undergo a complex metabolism after ingestion and interact with endogenous and microbial enzymes, leading to the production of a large number of circulating and excreted anthocyanin metabolites and catabolic products. To date, the bioavailability and health benefits of anthocyanins have been widely documented. Although there are several papers that illustrated the metabolism of anthocyanins, the effects of dietary anthocyanins on the modulation of the gut microbial ecology and on the growth of certain microbial species are still poorly understood. The present paper summarizes the recent data on the absorption of anthocyanins in the upper gastrointestine and the metabolism of anthocyanins by gut microbiota. The modulatory effects of anthocyanins from different sources on gut microbiota are also discussed.     

运动饮料对体育运动功能的影响

传统的运动饮料通常含有水、能量物质、电解质成分、蛋白质、肽、氨基酸、抗氧化物质等,可调节运动生理和酸碱平衡。随着人类健康意识的提高,越来越多的研究注重开发具有显著抗疲劳、增加运动耐力功效和具有活力的纯天然配方饮料。同时,新产品的功效评价同样将是未来研究的重点。本文主要介绍了运动饮料的定义、针对抗疲劳及增加运动耐力方面的主要功效,幵从原料成分角度对运动饮料的分类和研究现状加以综述,以期为运动饮料的多元化发展提供理论依据。     

基于高通量测序技术探讨陈皮对腹泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 研究陈皮对腹泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 将小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组(盐酸洛哌丁胺, 0.67 mg/kg)和陈皮低、高剂量组(0.5和1.67 g/kg)。采用番泻叶诱导腹泻模型后灌胃给药。实验结束后, 观察和检测各组小鼠腹泻相关首次排便时间、稀便率、稀便级及小肠乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)、淀粉酶(amylase, AMS)和脂肪酶(lipase, LPS)活性,高通量测序技术分析结肠内容物肠道菌群多样性及优势物种变化。结果 与空白组比较, 模型组腹泻相关指标明显改变, 肠道菌群多样性指数明显降低, 门及属水平优势物种丰度明显改变, 差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01);与模型组比较, 陈皮组腹泻相关指标明显改善, 肠道菌群多样性指数明显升高, 门及属水平优势物种丰度明显纠正, 差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 陈皮可能通过调节肠道菌群治疗腹泻。     

Effects of deep frying vegetable oils rich in PUFAs on gut microbiota in rats

Vegetable oils rich in PUFAs are widely used in daily cooking and food industry, and PUFAs could be utilised by gut microbiota and present prebiotic effects. However, PUFAs are unstable in high-temperature cooking like frying. In the current study, we aimed to explore the influence of thermally oxidised oils rich in PUFA on gut microbiota. Two vegetable oils: omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)-rich perilla oil or omega-6 linoleic acid-rich sunflower oil were heated at 180 °C for 10 h, and then fed to male SD rats for 14 weeks. Administration of heated perilla oil dramatically increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, a recent identified probiotics which may weaken intestinal mucus barrier, and inhibited the expression of several tight junction-related genes including occludin and claudin-1 in colon. Consumption of thermally oxidised sunflower oil stimulated the proliferation of Bifidobacterium. Our findings suggested that thermally processing has complicated effects on the prebiotic effects of vegetable oils rich in PUFAs, and perilla oil fried foods may be potential sources to stimulate Akkermansia proliferation in gut.     

益生菌复合配方对小鼠肠道功能的影响

目的:推动益生菌复合配方工业化生产。方法:建立小鼠便秘、肠黏膜损伤、腹泻模型,考察对照组、模型组和干预组小鼠的小肠墨汁推进率、排便情况、肠黏膜组织切片,并结合肠黏膜损伤评分和腹泻评分进行综合评价。结果:与模型组相比,中、高浓度益生菌复合配方能显著提高便秘模型小鼠的黑便粒数、重量和小肠墨汁推进率,同时显著降低肠黏膜损伤模型小鼠的肠黏膜损伤评分,减轻组织病理损伤。对于腹泻模型小鼠而言,低、中、高浓度益生菌复合配方干预均可显著降低小鼠肠黏膜损伤等级。结论:中、高浓度的益生菌复合配方均具有改善小鼠便秘,减轻肠黏膜损伤,缓解腹泻症状的作用,其中高浓度效果更佳。     

强化赖氨酸面粉对人群营养及免疫功能的影响

食物蛋白质的营养价值主要取决于其在体内的消化吸收率和利用率,利用率又取决于食物所含必需氨基酸的种类、数量和比例,赖氨酸是人体必需氨基酸之一,是粮谷类食物的第一限制氨基酸,谷类食物的氨基酸评分为44,因而影响了谷类蛋白质的营养价值。因此,在谷类食物中强化适量的赖氨酸,可以提高谷类蛋白质的生物价值 ,有研究表明如在面粉中添加赖氨酸0.2%,面粉蛋白的生物价值可由47提高到71,学龄儿童食用这种赖氨酸强化食品一年后,身高、体重和抵抗力均较对照组有显著提高。