壳聚糖姜精油复合保鲜剂对甜椒贮藏品质的影响

为探究有效延长甜椒货架期的方法,以壳聚糖姜精油复合保鲜剂对甜椒涂膜,在8℃下贮藏35 d,分析其贮藏期间的失重率、过氧化物酶活性、叶绿素、VC等营养特性及理化指标的变化。结果表明,体积分数为0. 1%的姜精油壳聚糖复合保鲜剂对于甜椒的保鲜效果最佳,降低了样品贮藏期的失重率,诱导植物体内防御酶POD的产生,减少了VC的损失,保持了叶绿素的含量,抑制了细菌的繁殖。并且,贮藏期间涂膜处理后的甜椒样品电导率和丙二醛含量均有所增加,但仍远低于对照组。该结论为壳聚糖复合涂膜的应用提供了方向,为今后甜椒保鲜提供理论参考。     

壳聚糖复合涂膜对草莓保鲜的影响

迷迭香提取物、CaCl2、亚硫酸钠分别与壳聚糖复配涂膜研究草莓的贮藏保鲜技术,通过测定贮藏过程中草莓果实的营养成分、感官品质等指标,探究草莓在低温冷藏条件下的成熟衰老过程和不同保鲜剂处理对草莓贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:壳聚糖复配迷迭香提取物和壳聚糖复合CaCl2涂膜保鲜液均可显著地(P<0.05)减缓草莓的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc、还原糖含量的下降,抑制草莓细胞膜渗透率变化和果实的腐烂软化,保持草莓的硬度等贮藏品质。亚硫酸钠-壳聚糖处理可维持草莓的还原糖含量,延缓可滴定酸和Vc含量的下降。其中,1.5%壳聚糖+0.3%迷迭香提取物溶液浸渍涂膜5 min保鲜草莓效果最好,1.5%壳聚糖+2.0%CaCl2溶液浸渍涂膜5 min次之。     

壳聚糖涂层对PLA埋植材料性能的影响

针灸治疗时,可将埋植材料植入一定穴位,利用其对穴位产生的持续性刺激而达到治疗效果。埋植材料应具有良好的生物相容性、可降解性和适当的硬度。以聚乳酸(PLA)单丝埋植材料为研究对象,采用壳聚糖表面涂层,探讨了不同涂层总时间、涂层剂质量分数及涂层次数对PLA单丝的质量、直径、初始模量、断裂强力及亲水角的影响。试验结果表明:当涂层总时间、涂层剂质量分数及涂层次数分别为70min、3.0%及6次时,PLA单丝的质量及直径增大最为明显,初始模量及断裂强力也显著提高,亲水角明显减小。     

制备条件对玉米醇溶蛋白膜机械性能的影响

以玉米醇溶蛋白为原料制备蛋白膜时,研究了乙醇浓度、蛋白质浓度等制备条件对蛋白膜机械性能的影响。在单因素实验基础上,以蛋白质浓度、甘油添加量、聚乙二醇400添加量、半胱氨酸添加量4个因素为变量进行响应面优化,结果表明:当乙醇体积分数为75%、水浴成膜温度70℃、蛋白质浓度0.103 4g/ml、甘油质量分数30%、聚乙二醇400质量分数24%、半胱氨酸质量分数0.80%时,蛋白膜的拉伸强度为7.5MPa,断裂延伸率为202.7%。     

玉米醇溶蛋白膜研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白膜作为一种绿色环保包装材料,具有良好的阻气性、阻湿性。因材料的可食性及可降解性使玉米醇溶蛋白膜在包装材料或可降解薄膜方面具有潜在商业价值,为其在食品、医药和化工等方面的应用奠定基础。文章对玉米醇溶蛋白的提取工艺、成膜工艺、膜的性能及存在的问题等方面进行了综述,为进一步扩大玉米醇溶蛋白膜的应用范围提供依据。     

存放方式对壳聚糖涂膜草莓保鲜效果的影响

[目的]研究提高壳聚糖保鲜草莓的效果。[方法]以新鲜草莓为材料,用不同浓度的壳聚糖溶液涂膜并进行密封与未密封处理。通过测定不同存放时间后草莓腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、VC含量的变化来探讨不同浓度壳聚糖涂膜后存放方式对草莓保鲜效果的影响。[结果]1.0%壳聚糖涂膜密封存放最有利于草莓保鲜,其抑制草莓腐烂率、失重率的下降,延缓了可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、VC含量下降的效果明显好于其他处理。[结论]壳聚糖涂膜后采用密封存放可提高对草莓的保鲜效果。     

辣根素和壳聚糖复合涂膜对草莓保鲜的影响

以1.25%的壳聚糖为涂膜基质,通过添加辣根素,分别配制了辣根素质量分数为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%的辣根素/壳聚糖复合涂膜液。以蒸馏水作为对照组,通过浸泡处理,考察不同辣根素浓度对室温下草莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的辣根素/壳聚糖复合膜涂液均能在一定程度上抑制草莓失重率和腐烂指数的上升,同时可延缓可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、VC含量和还原糖含量的下降,其中,浓度为0.6%的辣根素/壳聚糖复合保鲜液对草莓的保鲜效果最佳。因此,辣根素/壳聚糖可以作为天然抗菌膜液控制草莓表皮微生物的生长,延长果实的贮藏期。     

Effects of chitosan coating on mass transfer during osmotic dehydration of papaya

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of chitosan coatings in the osmotic dehydration of scalded cut papaya var. Red Maradol in two ripening stages (green and ripped). Papaya cubic cuts (1 cm³) were divided into three groups depending on the treatments: without chitosan coatings; with chitosan coatings at 1% (w/v) in lactic acid 1% (v/v) and Tween 80 at 0.1% (v/v); and with chitosan coatings at 1% (w/v) in lactic acid 1% (v/v), Tween 80 at 0.1% (v/v) and oleic acid at 2% (v/v). The study of dehydration kinetics and mass transfer was carried out with osmotic solution of sucrose (40°Brix) in a ratio fruit/solution of 1:60, and weight reduction, water loss and solids gain were measured. Chitosan coatings improved the efficiency of osmotic dehydration process in both ripening stages, increasing the water loss and decreasing the solids gain.     

壳聚糖涂膜处理对常温贮藏红江橙保鲜效果的影响

主要研究壳聚糖涂膜处理时常温贮藏红江橙保鲜效果的影响.结果表明:0.5%、1.0%壳聚糖涂膜处理能有效抑制呼吸强度、降低PPO酶的活性、维持CAT较高的活性,明显抑制果皮电导率的升高,有效抑制果实VC和可溶性固形物含量的降低,保持果实的硬度,显著抑制果实失水和腐烂,从而有效延缓红江橙果实的成熟和衰老,延长贮藏期.1.0%壳聚糖涂膜处理效果最好,而1.5%壳聚糖涂膜处理由于膜层过厚皲裂,不能起到应有的作用.     

超高压处理结合壳聚糖涂膜对板栗贮藏效果的研究

为了探讨超高压(350 MPa/10 min)结合2.0%(质量分数)壳聚糖涂膜处理板栗的贮藏效果,测定了超高压和壳聚糖涂膜单独处理以及两者结合使用时板栗贮藏期间的呼吸强度、淀粉含量、质量损失率、腐烂率以及虫果率的变化情况。结果表明,超高压和壳聚糖涂膜处理均能显著降低板栗呼吸强度和腐烂率,减缓淀粉降解,且超高压处理效果更强;超高压处理是降低虫果率的主要因素,但对抑制水分蒸发无明显效果,壳聚糖涂膜是抑制水分蒸发的主要因素,但无杀虫效果;超高压和壳聚糖涂膜结合处理板栗,能在抑制呼吸、杀菌、灭虫、减缓淀粉降解以及减轻质量损失等方面产生显著的协同互补效应,从而提高板栗贮藏效果。因此,在2～10℃下贮藏120 d,板栗腐烂率为5.21%,虫果率2.82%,质量损失率4.73%,贮藏效果优良。     

Effects of pH and chitosan on beef emulsion properties

Effects of pH (3.75–8.25) and chitosan (0–0.36%) on emulsion capacity (EC), emulsion stability (ES) and apparent yield stress values of emulsion (raw emulsion; AYSe) and emulsion gel (cooked emulsion; AYSg) of beef were studied by using a model system. Chitosan increased ES, AYSe and AYSg values of beef in the acidic medium. However, EC increased with increasing pH and chitosan levels until a critical point, which was determined to be at pH 5.87 and a chitosan level of 0.218%. The interaction effects of chitosan and pH on ES, AYSe and AYSg were also found to be significant ( P  <   0.01).     

壳聚糖涂膜保鲜猕猴桃的研究

本文针对壳聚糖的保鲜实际意义和实用性，加入苯甲酸纳，配成三种不同浓度的溶液，采用浸渍的方法，在猕猴桃表面形成一层膜，并在不同温度下贮藏，通过对失重率、感官评定、维生素C和总酸的测定，寻找出最佳的涂膜浓度（3%）及最佳贮藏环境（低温）。     

Effect of plasticizing sugars on rheological and thermal properties of zein resins and mechanical properties of zein films

Zein is the most important protein in corn. Zein has good film forming properties. One of the film forming methods is production of zein resin and then thermomolding by hot press. Pure zein film is very brittle. Plasticizers can improve mechanical and film making properties of zein. In this research, sugars (fructose, galactose and glucose) were used as plasticizers and rheological properties of zein resin were studied by dynamic oscillatory tests for determination of plasticization effectiveness. Effect of plasticizers on thermal properties of resins was investigated by DSC at −100 to 150 °C. No crystallization and melting peaks related to zein and plasticizers were observed. As well as there was not significant difference at glass transition temperature between zein resins containing various sugars. Zein films were prepared from zein resins by rolling and hot press and then mechanical properties of films were measured. Films containing galactose had better tensile properties than other films and showed higher tensile strength, strain at break, and Young modulus than films containing fructose and glucose.     

SiC涂层对金刚石刀头性能的影响

探索了在金刚石表面镀覆SiC涂层的工艺方法,并以机械合金化铁合金粉末为基体,采用热压烧结工艺制备了长条形金刚石刀头,测试分析了刀头的硬度、抗弯强度和微观组织。结果表明：用金刚石＋Si＋I2混合粉末（工艺A）、或金刚石＋聚碳硅烷（PCS）溶液（工艺B）于1000℃～1200℃真空反应,均能在金刚石表面制备出SiC涂层;在基体中添加Zn、Sn等低熔点元素,会降低刀头的硬度和强度;而添加少量B4C,可以起弥散强化的作用;对金刚石先镀Ti、再镀SiC,可使刀头的硬度和强度进一步提高,最高硬度为HRB118,抗弯强度为543MPa。     

壳聚糖涂膜处理黄瓜保鲜作用的研究

本文旨在筛选不同浓度的壳聚糖用于黄瓜的涂膜保鲜。通过本次实验结果表明，采用1．0％和1．5％浓度的壳聚糖并辅之低温处理黄瓜的贮藏保鲜期内，实验果蔬能很好保持其质地、外观和营养成分。     

Effects of chitosan coating and storage position on quality and shelf life of eggs

Effects of chitosan coating and storage positions (small-end down, small-end up or horizontal) on internal quality and shelf life of eggs were evaluated during 5 weeks of storage at 25 °C. Compared with noncoated eggs, all chitosan-coated eggs, irrespective of storage positions, had significantly lesser weight loss, higher Haugh units and higher yolk index throughout the storage. Chitosan coating, irrespective of storage positions, extended the egg shelf life by at least 3 weeks at 25 °C compared with noncoated eggs. Noncoated and chitosan-coated eggs placed small-end down tentatively showed better quality than eggs placed small-end up after 3 and 4 weeks of storage. After 5 weeks of storage, storage positions did not significantly affect quality of noncoated and chitosan-coated eggs. There were no notable differences in total amino acid content of the albumen and fatty acid composition of the yolk between noncoated and chitosan-coated eggs after 5 weeks of storage.     

Effects of chitosan coating on shelf life of cold-stored litchi fruit at ambient temperature

Postharvest pericarp browning of litchi fruit results in an accelerated loss in shelf life and a reduced commercial value. Visual quality was lost in only 6 h at ambient temperature when fruit were removed from storage at 2 °C, due to browning. The experiment was conducted to test the role of chitosan coating in inhibiting skin browning and extending shelf life of cold-stored litchi fruit at ambient temperature. Litchi fruit were treated with 2 g chitosan/100 g solution and then stored for 20 days at 2 °C and 90–95% relative humidity (RH), prior to shelf life evaluation at 25 °C and 80–90% RH. Changes in polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, anthocyanin concentration, colour index, eating quality and concentrations of total soluble solids and titratable acidity were measured. The effects of chitosan coating on disease incidence were also evaluated. Application of chitosan coating delayed the decrease in anthocyanin content, the increase in PPO activity and the changes in colour index and eating quality, reduced the decrease in concentrations of total soluble solids and titratable acidity, and partially inhibited decay. The results suggested that treatment with chitosan coating exhibited a potential for shelf life extension at ambient temperature when litchi fruit were removed from cold storage.     

Effects of chitosan coating enriched with cinnamon oil on qualitative properties of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Effect of chitosan–oil coating on qualitative properties of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) stored at 8 °C for 35 days was investigated. The chitosan–oil coating treatment exhibited the best control effect on decay (below 5%). At the end of storage, samples treated with chitosan-oil coatings maintained good sensory acceptability, whereas the sensory quality of control samples became unacceptable. The higher activities of scavenger antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), in treated peppers at the 35th day should be contributed to the chitosan–oil coating. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage contents in chitosan–oil-coated peppers were increased but were still lower than in control samples. Atomic force microscopy images showed that the surface of sweet pepper without coating treatment was rougher than that of peppers treated with chitosan–oil coating. Our study suggests that chitosan–oil coating might be a promising candidate for enhancing the keeping quality of sweet peppers.     

壳聚糖涂膜保鲜梨枣的研究

研究了用不同浓度的壳聚糖涂膜处理对梨枣采后生理及贮藏效果的影响。实验结果表明：不同浓度的壳聚糖处理对保持梨枣硬度、减少梨枣失重、延缓梨枣Vc含量的减少都有明显作用，l00％处理效果最为明显。     

壳聚糖涂膜保鲜剂的研究

针对毛酸浆果实保鲜,系统地研究了壳聚糖涂膜保鲜剂的溶剂、涂膜保鲜剂的成膜性质,并对涂膜助剂、保鲜助剂进行了筛选,确定以浓度为1%醋酸为溶剂,添加0.35%的氯化钠为成膜助剂,2%的吐温-80为表面活性剂,茶多酚为保鲜助剂。