两侧对流条件下平面冻结凝固相变换热分析

通过无因次分析的方法,在相界面两侧均是对流条件下,得到了平面冰层厚度和速度的时变规律、生长条件、极限厚度、温度场分布特点等重要结论,提出了凝固换热全传热系数和衰减特征时间的概念,并给出了理论公式用于换热量计算.结果表明,凝固换热是一个非稳态过程,初始阶段凝固潜热释放强化了换热,衰减特征时间之后,冰层热阻开始恶化换热效果,并最终无限趋近于一稳定状态.     

低气压环境下开缝翅片管换热器换热性能研究

利用低气压环境模拟装置对开缝翅片管换热器在不同气压下的换热性能进行实验研究.研究结果表明:随着气压不断降低,换热器周围空气密度逐渐降低,换热器空气侧换热系数以及显热换热量逐渐降低,而空气含湿量随着气压降低逐渐升高,导致潜热换热量逐渐增加;当气压降至0.058 MPa以下时,换热器空气侧潜热换热量占主要部分,当气压为0.04 MPa时,换热器换热能力与常压下相比下降了36.63%.     

具有凝结的混合气体传热理论研究

采用理论分析研究方法研究了含湿混合气体在竖向管内对流凝结换热，讨论了含有少量水蒸汽（8%～20%）的混合气体中水蒸汽凝结对换热的影响，利用修正的膜模型与Nusselt凝结理论得到了理论解。研究结果表明，对于含有少量水蒸汽的混合气体的凝结换热，其换强度与混合气体的单相对流换热处于同一数量级，换热方式均不能忽略，壁面温度与水蒸汽质量成份对凝结换热的影响十分显。     

某船用锅炉联箱在复杂换热条件下的瞬态温度场有限元分析

本文利用瞬态温度场的基本理论和非线性有限元方法,对某船用主锅炉联箱在复杂换热条件下的对流换热系数成功地进行了反算,并以此对锅炉联箱进行了三维等值带温度场的非线性有限元分析,给出了其温度分布三维彩图。     

振动激励下的封闭通道流动传热特性实验研究

为了对振动激励下的自然对流换热规律进行深入的理论与试验分析,搭建电动振动传热试验平台与并行式数据采集系统,测量封闭通道在不同振动激励下的温度瞬态变化特性。研究发现:随着受迫振动频率的增加,振动激励可以将自然对流强化为混合对流;当频率超过50 Hz时,自然对流的影响可以忽略。但是由于受迫振动下的流动状态依然为层流,因而对于自然对流的最大强化程度约在100%。另外,通过对混合对流状态的理论分析,得到由于受迫振动引起的封闭换热通道内部强制对流换热试验关联式。     

低温烟气凝结换热及对天然气热效率的影响实验研究

为研究烟气露点附近及以下的低温烟气对流凝结换热规律与烟气换热对天然气利用热效率的影响,建立了烟气在翅片管换热器内对流凝结换热实验系统,研究了不同烟气温度、水蒸气含量对烟气凝结换热的影响,得出了烟气凝结换热实验准则关联式,分析对比了天然气利用热效率实验值与理论值.实验结果表明:当被加热水温度为23℃,烟气出口温度为73℃...     

蒸汽蓄热器充汽过程建模仿真及优化设计

为了深入分析蒸汽蓄热器充汽过程,提出利用建模仿真的方法对充汽过程进行分析,通过建立蒸汽蓄热器充汽过程数学模型,搭建基于Simulink的仿真模型,仿真分析液侧对流强度、汽液交界面换热系数以及汽侧对流强度对于充汽过程的影响。结果表明,液侧对流越强,汽液交界面换热系数越大,汽侧对流越强,充汽过程达到饱和状态越快。因此通过强化液侧对流和汽侧对流换热能够加快蒸汽蓄热器充汽过程,对于蒸汽蓄热器优化设计具有指导意义。     

具有盘腔扰流柱群的双辐板涡轮盘对流换热特性分析

提出一种具有盘腔扰流柱群的双辐板涡轮盘,利用靠近盘腔出口处叉排扰流柱群的强化对流换热,进一步提高了双辐板涡轮盘的换热效果。对壁面层网格进行细化,采用SST k-ω湍流模型,分别建立具有光滑盘腔、盘腔扰流柱群的双辐板涡轮盘对流换热模型,分析了扰流柱群对盘腔对流换热的影响。对比分析表明:扰流柱群明显增加了盘腔的局部对流换热,辐板上的低温区域明显增加,涡轮盘的最高温度相应降低,最高温度降低4 K;随着雷诺数的增加,扰流柱群局部对流换热系数相应增加,盘腔内壁的面积平均换热系数提高了20%,增强了双辐板涡轮盘的降温效果。     

直膨系统顶排管换热性能实验研究

顶排管作为冷冻冷藏库内常用的冷却设备之一,在冷库降温过程中具有诸多优势。但其自然对流换热过程复杂性,整个换热过程包括导热、对流以及辐射3种形式,导致对自然对流条件下的冷却排管理论分析求解比较困难。文中分别研究了不同库温、不同换热温差共12组工况下,顶排管的换热性能,得出了传热系数的变化情况及最佳工况点。     

循环流化床稀相区对流换热的理论分析和实验研究

对循环流化床上部稀相区气固混合物横掠圆管的对流换热研究,多数是针对鼓泡床的研究,而对循环流化床上部稀相区的对流换热研究目前还很少。本文对稀相含尘气流横向冲刷圆管的对流换热进行了研究,并在理论分析的基础上,在热态循环流化床实验台的上部稀相区进行了实验。采用平均粒径分别为137μm,146μm和326μm的石英砂为床料。实验结果表明,稀相含尘气流与纯空气横掠圆管时的对流换热系数之比hd/hg主要受稀相含尘气流密度和颗粒粒径的影响,通过理论分析和实验数据的拟合,得到稀相含尘气流横掠圆管的准则方程。研究基于热态实验,结果更接近于实际工况,可为循环流化床的设计提供理论依据。     

新风量、送风方式和空调病症

本文叙述了新风量的大小和送风方式的不同与空调病症之间的关系。     

机车空压机不打风故障的分析处理

1　故障查找思路　　ＧＫ1Ｄ型液力传动内燃机车的空压机主电路示意图和空压机起动时的控制关系示意图如图 1和图 2所示。当出现空压机不打风的故障时 ,我们一般按这两幅控制关系示意图所示的线路 ,分析查找问题所在。其基本思路如下 :一是沿空压机起动控制线路查。查ＰＣ机、功放块、空压机起动接触器、保险。若都没问题 ,则查主电路。二是沿主电路查找 ,空压机的电机、电机接线盒内 (接线柱、接线片 )、电机绕组。2　故障的分析处理　　在实际检修过程中 ,具体可按如下步骤做 :( 1)看主电路中的空压机起动线路上的保险3ＲＤ、4ＲＤ是否烧…     

The effects of air leaks on solar air collector behaviour

The construction of conventinal solar air collectors and the fact that they will operate with a significant pressure difference between the heated air stream and ambient, suggests that significant quantities of air may leak into or out of them. A search of the literature reveals no consideration of the effects these air leaks may have on the validity of collector efficiency measurements, on the efficiency itself, or indeed what the meaning of efficiency is under such operating conditions. This paper discusses the meaning of collector efficiency when leaks into the collector occur, analyses the effects on efficiency measurements, and solves the collector efficiency for the simple case of a constant leakage rate along the collector. Assuming that air leaking in from ambient can replace deliberate fresh air supply to the load as in building heating, then significant measurement errors are made if air leaks in to the collector are not accounted for. Further, the collector efficiency is increased over the no leak case, so that complex construction methods to make the collector air tight are probably not warranted.     

降低进口温度与湿度增加空压机风量的理论与实践

本文阐述了空压机增风改造的方法,并介绍了脱湿增风改造原理及其实践效果,在新余钢铁公司气体厂1TY-575/5.5-Ⅲ型空压机增风改造中应用,使空压机夏季平均风量可提高8%左右,而且空气压缩的单位电耗降低.     

Effect of air leak on long term performance of air heater

In this paper, the effect of an air leak on the air heater performance is investigated. “Air leaking in” and “air leaking out” systems are examined. The effect of various parameters like leakage rate, mass flow rate, solar insolation, plate length and ambient temperature has been studied. The possibility that air leakage can take place from any where along the length of the collector has been incorporated in the model. It is found that, for “air leaking in” systems, efficiency goes up, while for “air leaking out” systems, efficiency decreases from the no-leak situation, and it depends on the position of the leak.     

空气湿度对平板空气集热器效率的影响

对不同相对湿度下的湿空气密度、定压比热容、动力粘度和导热系数等热物性参数进行了计算。在给定的平板空气集热器模型下计算得出,工作介质为相对湿度50%的湿空气比工作介质为干空气的集热器效率高12.4%。文章研究分析了太阳辐射量、空气通道高度、入口空气流速及温度对平板空气集热器顶部损失系数和效率的影响,研究结果显示,它们对介质为干空气及介质为湿空气的集热器影响趋势一致。     

Highly durable and active non-precious air cathode catalyst for zinc air battery

The electrochemical stability of non-precious FeCo-EDA and commercial Pt/C cathode catalysts for zinc air battery have been compared using accelerated degradation test (ADT) in alkaline condition. Outstanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) stability of the FeCo-EDA catalyst was observed compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The FeCo-EDA catalyst retained 80% of the initial mass activity for ORR whereas the commercial Pt/C catalyst retained only 32% of the initial mass activity after ADT. Additionally, the FeCo-EDA catalyst exhibited a nearly three times higher mass activity compared to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst after ADT. Furthermore, single cell test of the FeCo-EDA and Pt/C catalysts was performed where both catalysts exhibited pseudolinear behaviour in the 12-500 mA cm⁻² range. In addition, 67% higher peak power density was observed from the FeCo-EDA catalyst compared with commercial Pt/C. Based on the half cell and single cell tests the non-precious FeCo-EDA catalyst is a very promising ORR electrocatalyst for zinc air battery.     

Analysis of exergy demand for air heating of an air handling unit

In modern buildings, an increasing amount of the consumed energy falls on ventilation systems. The amount of energy needed for ventilation depends on weather fluctuations, wind, interaction between natural gravity and air tightness of the building, heat exchangers used in ventilation systems, efficiency of other ventilation equipment, and operating mode of ventilation systems in the building. Ventilation systems are comprised of a variety of elements that facilitate processes using energy of different types. The main elements that use energy in ventilation systems are fans, heat exchangers, and heaters. They have a significant effect on both energy needs of a public building and the exergy efficiency of a system. In order to achieve a more efficient use of exergy in heat exchangers, it is recommended to execute processes under as little temperature difference as possible; however, this increases the area of heat exchangers. Results of the analysis show that it is recommended to design ventilation systems based on the temperature that corresponds with the maximum demand of exergy in order to use the heat recovery unit as much as possible in the system.     

空气调节二次回风系统的节能问题

讨论了二次回风系统在夏季工况下与一次回风系统相比的节能效果,以及在冬季工况如何更好降低能耗的问题,着重分析了冬季工况下机器露点对能耗的影响,并提出降低能耗的途径。