矿物棉有助于防止全球气候变暖

气候变化是21世纪全球最重大的问题之一。世界各地二氧化碳等温室气体排放量的增加会导致全球气温上升。虽然预测的温度变化似乎很小，但它对全球环境的影响可能是灾难性的，因为它将引起海平面上升和气候特性的变化。[第一段]     

应对全球气候变暖的终极方案：建造浮城容纳难民

全球变暖已经成为一个老生常谈的话题。日前,一名比利时的建筑师构思出一个“诺亚方舟”——“睡莲之城”。根据这个设想,一旦人们的家园被淹没,就可以居住在这种能够漂浮在海面上、完全可以实现自给自足的建筑物中,每一个“睡莲之城”都可以容纳大约5万人。     

气候变暖将对西伯利亚楼房地基耐久性带来的影响

论述了今后在全球气候继续变暖的条件下，西伯利亚多年冻土区中楼房地基耐久性的变化和构筑物稳定性的保证问题     

气候变暖对建筑能耗的影响

能源消耗与气候具有密切关系。一方面能源的开发利用会对气候产生影响;另一方面气候变化又直接影响到能源消耗。建筑部门就是受此影响部门之一。供暖空调能耗在建筑能耗中所占比重较大。通过对我国若干城市近几年的1月平均温度、冬季平均温度与常年值进行比较,利用度日数等气候指标分析了气候变暖对建筑物供暖能耗的影响。同时探讨了气候异常时建筑物空调能耗的变动状况。     

气候变暖与城市公共安全规划

气候变暖:21世纪全球面临的最严重挑战之一全球气候变暖:一个不争的事实2007年2月2日,据政府间气候专门委员会(IPCC)发表的《第四次气候评估报告》显示,地球气候的温度在过去100年中变暖了0.74℃,主要的变暖阶段是最近50年;同时,未来20年每10年地球的气候还会变暖0.2℃。     

阻止全球变暖十招

你厌倦领导人在气候变化问题上的夸夸其谈和无所作为吗？听够了“清洁能源”、“二氧化碳排放指标交易”和“减少排放”等诸如此类的名词吗？对一件似乎自己力所不能及的事情，你或许已经兴致索然。或许你觉得每天把冰箱门开半小时就是为全球的冷却尽自己的绵薄之力。如果你和上述任何一项能对号入座，就请继续读下去。     

从全球气候变暖角度评替代冷媒HCFC—123与HFC—134a的使用前景

蒙特利尔议定书《修正案》规定了ＨＣＦＣ类化学品从２００４年起分阶段削减产量，联合国气候变化框架公约《京都协议》要求限期削减温室气体排放总量，以此为背景探讨了替代冷媒对全球环境问题的影响机理；在比较了两个国际环境协定的管制方法和前提的基础上，分析了ＨＣＦＣ－１２３的环境影响，提出了对ＨＦＣ－１３４ａ优势的三点反思；对两者的前景发表了四点看法。     

全球变暖对黄土高原再造山川秀美工程的影响

针对全球气候呈现变暖趋势的现状,文中从动植物化石及历史文献入手,分析了动植物在黄土高原的迁徙与气候冷暖的关系,从自然历史规律出发预测了全球变暖对黄土高原地区恢复秀美山川可能是有利的。     

可持续性与全球经济中影响评价的作用

1992年的巴西里约热内卢宣言使得可持续发展成为世界性的共识,并成为全球行动的纲领.但是,到目前为止,关于可持续发展的概念内涵在不同类型国家之间及一些世界性组织之间还存在着不同的观点,度量可持续发展的定量标准亦有相当大的差距.目前比较一致的认识是:“可持续发展是既不损害子孙后代发展需要的能力,又满足当代人发展的需要”.其中隐含着两个基本的前提,或曰两对矛盾:环境与发展.取得经济发展以确保我们现在及子孙后代生活标准的提高,保护和改善现在和将来的环境;现在和将来.可持续发展的概念源于协调发展的收益与潜在的环境成本.那么,如何对发展的效果作定量的评价?因为可持续发展意味着“地球上的生存条件的增强,而不是削弱.意味着可再生自然资源的消耗要在其补给的限度内,意味着留给我们子孙后代的不仅仅是人造的财富,还包括自然的财富.例如清洁和充足的水源,优质的可耕地,丰富的野生动物,以及大片的森林”.但是,目前的评价多数仅限于对当前效果的评价,而可持续发展不仅要对过去的状况作评价,更要对未来的发展作评价;不仅要对     

高速铁路灌注桩混凝土工作性能评价指标研究

为评价高速铁路灌注桩混凝土的工作性能,在分析桩体混凝土在灌注过程中流动行为的基础上,采用能够模拟灌注桩混凝土流动状态的Ormit仪与坍落度筒来对比研究混凝土的工作性能。结果表明:Ormit仪和坍落度筒均能用于灌注桩混凝土工作性能的测试;扩展度、Ormit流出时间与倒坍落度桶流出时间具有良好的相关性,三者都可以作为灌注桩混凝土工作性能的评价指标;灌注桩混凝土扩展度宜大于450 mm,Ormit流出时间宜小于13 s,倒坍落度筒流出时间宜小于19 s。     

沥青老化影响因素及评价指标分析

总结了道路沥青老化的研究方法及沥青老化的评价指标,分析了影响沥青老化的各种因素,并在此基础上探讨了沥青老化规律的研究步骤,从而有助于进一步认识沥青的老化机理。     

Transport, energy and global climate change

Energy has been remarkably cheap, and the community has come to believe that the supply of energy is completely reliable. The low cost of energy is reflected in the design of transport systems and cities. In the near future, energy is likely to become very expensive and less reliable, and at the same time there is growing concern about the environmental damage created by fossil fuels. This study examines the impact of those changes, and considers how future cities can be redesigned to account for it. It argues that redesign could minimise the role of the private car, and that at the same time cities would become more pleasant and more interesting.     

Transport,energy and global climate change

Energy has been remarkably cheap, and the community has come to believe that the supply of energy is completely reliable. The low cost of energy is reflected in the design of transport systems and cities. In the near future, energy is likely to become very expensive and less reliable, and at the same time there is growing concern about the environmental damage created by fossil fuels. This study examines the impact of those changes, and considers how future cities can be redesigned to account for it. It argues that redesign could minimise the role of the private car, and that at the same time cities would become more pleasant and more interesting.     

Carbon and nitrogen cycles in European ecosystems respond differently to global warming

The global climate is predicted to become significantly warmer over the next century. This will affect ecosystem processes and the functioning of semi natural and natural ecosystems in many parts of the world. However, as various ecosystem processes may be affected to a different extent, balances between different ecosystem processes as well as between different ecosystems may shift and lead to major unpredicted changes. In this study four European shrubland ecosystems along a north-south temperature gradient were experimentally warmed by a novel nighttime warming technique. Biogeochemical cycling of both carbon and nitrogen was affected at the colder sites with increased carbon uptake for plant growth as well as increased carbon loss through soil respiration. Carbon uptake by plant growth was more sensitive to warming than expected from the temperature response across the sites while carbon loss through soil respiration reacted to warming in agreement with the overall Q10 and response functions to temperature across the sites. Opposite to carbon, the nitrogen mineralization was relatively insensitive to the temperature increase and was mainly affected by changes in soil moisture. The results suggest that C and N cycles respond asymmetrically to warming, which may lead to progressive nitrogen limitation and thereby acclimation in plant production. This further suggests that in many temperate zones nitrogen deposition has to be accounted for, not only with respect to the impact on water quality through increased nitrogen leaching where N deposition is high, but also in predictions of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems under future climatic conditions. Finally the results indicate that on the short term the above-ground processes are more sensitive to temperature changes than the below ground processes.     

Global warming potential of wheat production in Western Australia: a life cycle assessment

This study presents a greenhouse gas (GHG) life cycle assessment of 1 tonne of wheat transported to port in south-western Australia, including emissions from prefarm, onfarm and postfarm stages. The prefarm stage included GHG emissions from agricultural machinery, fertiliser and pesticide production. The onfarm stage included GHG emissions from diesel use, liming and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from N fertiliser applications. The postfarm stage included grain storage and transportation to the port. GHG emissions decreased from 487 to 304 kg carbon dioxide (CO₂) equivalents when we used regional-specific data for N₂O emissions instead of the IPCC default value for the application of synthetic N fertilisers to land (1.0%). Fertiliser production in the prefarm stage contributed significantly (35%) to GHG, followed by onfarm CO₂ emissions (27%) and emissions from transportation of inputs and wheat (12%). N₂O emissions from paddock represented 9% of the total GHGs emitted. We recommend utilising regionally specific data for soil N₂O emissions, rather than international default values, when assessing GHG for agricultural production systems.     

居住建筑能效评价指标及权重的确定

通过文献阅读、社会调查和分析,确定了一套夏热冬冷地区居住建筑能效评价指标体系.通过对多位建筑节能专家的问卷调查,并应用群体决策环境下层次分析法权重模型确定了该指标的权重.群体层次分析权重模型的数据一致性分析结果表明,本次调研的专家人数合适,权重结果稳定.     

轨道交通规划环评声环境影响评价方法与指标

结合常州市轨道交通线网规划环评的工作实际,总结出声环境评价中宜采取的评价方法及评价指标,并对其在该工程评价工作中的具体运用进行了介绍,为对其在今后实践中不断补充与完善提供了基础。