红磷烟幕对10.6 μm激光的消光系数测试研究

论述了红磷烟幕的成烟过程与遮蔽特性。在烟幕试验柜中测试了红磷烟幕对两种入射功率10．6μm激光的质量消光系数和红磷烟幕的粒度分布规律;根据米氏散射理论计算了单个红磷烟幕粒子对10．6μm激光的吸收效率因子、散射效率因子和消光效率因子。结果表明：红磷烟幕对入射功率分别为0．552、1．032W的10．6μm激光的平均质量消光系数分别为0．6027、0．5739m^2／g。成烟5min时红磷烟幕粒子的平均直径为2．47μm。研究表明,红磷烟幕对10．6μm激光的消光作用以吸收效应为主,其质量消光系数随浓度的增加而下降。同等条件下入射光的功率越大或空气的相对湿度越小．则红磷烟幕的消光系数就越小。     

纳米碳纤维烟幕红外消光性能研究

利用烟幕箱测试分析了纳米碳纤维作为烟幕干扰材料的红外消光性能.在容积为20 m3烟幕箱中喷洒20g不同尺寸分布的纳米碳纤维,通过测量激光透过率和烟幕浓度,得到纳米碳纤维对1.06μm和10.6μm两种波长的激光最大质量消光系数分别为2.1304m2·g-1和1.2362m2·g-1;利用红外热像仪通过对靶标图像的观测记录,表明纳米碳纤维烟幕在8μm～12μm波段也具有显著的红外图像遮蔽能力.     

纳米TiN烟幕干扰激光和红外性能研究

在容积为20 m3的烟幕箱中,测试了30 g纳米TiN形成的烟幕对1.06μm激光、10.6μm激光、3～5 μm红外及8～12 μm红外的干扰性能,结果表明,纳米TiN烟幕对各波段红外辐射的遮蔽/干扰效果良好,质量消光系数均基本大于1 m2·g-1,与常规材料的烟幕性能比较表明,纳米TiN烟幕消光性能好,是一种能有效...     

几种烟幕对CO2激光的衰减性能研究

分析了CO2激光在军事上应用的主要特性及烟幕对激光的衰减原理,阐述了在烟幕试验柜中测试烟幕对激光的质量消光系数的试验方法和主要步骤。测试了红磷、HC和石墨烟幕对CO2激光器发射的10．6μm激光的消光系数,并绘制了激光功率随时间变化的曲线。依据实验结果,石墨烟幕对CO2激光具有良好的消光作用,质量消光系数为1．284m^2／g;红磷烟幕对该波段激光具有较为明显的削弱作用,质量消光系数为0．603m^2／g;HC烟幕对该波段激光几乎没有衰减作用,质量消光系数小于0．1m^2／g。分析表明,烟幕对10．6μm激光的消光系数随入射光的功率增加而下降,空气湿度增加,则红磷和HC因幕的消光系数将明显增大。     

纳米银粉的红外消光特性研究

在容积为20m3的烟箱中分别喷撒30g纳米银粉,通过测量其在不同时刻的激光透过率和烟幕质量浓度,测得纳米银粉对1.06μm近红外和10.6 μm远红外激光的质量消光系数分别为1.833 m2·g-1和1.474 m2·g-1;利用红外热像仪测试了纳米银粉在8～12μm波段对靶标红外热像的遮蔽效果.结果表明,纳米银粉对双波长红外激光系统、红外热像仪均具有显著的干扰作用,是一种极具潜力的宽波段烟幕干扰材料.     

石墨烯烟幕红外激光消光性能研究

石墨烯片具有质轻、层薄、比表面大的优点,满足烟幕材料所需的要求.为了探索石墨烯在干扰红外成像制导武器方面的应用,利用20m3烟箱,通过快速热引爆石墨烯原材料获得烟幕的方法,测试了烟幕在1.06 μm激光的透过率曲线以及8～14μm波段的红外图像的遮蔽特性,获得了烟幕对1.06μm激光和8～14μm红外波段的平均质量消光系数均在2.0 m2.g-1以上,对红外光具有显著的干扰效果.分析了烟幕粒子的扫描电子显微图像、透射电镜图和X射线衍射图谱,结果表明所制备的烟幕粒子为石墨烯片组成,石墨烯烟幕粒子的微观结构有利于对红外光的吸收和散射.     

纳米铁粉烟幕对1.06μm和10.6μm激光的消光特性研究

在烟幕性能测试评价实验室中测试分析了纳米铁粉作为烟幕干扰材料对1.06μm和10.6μm激光的消光特性.在容积为20m3的烟箱中分别喷撒30g纳米铁粉,通过测量其在不同时刻的激光透过率和烟幕质量浓度,测得纳米铁粉对1.06μm和10.6μm激光的质量消光系数分别为1.833m2·g-1,1.474m2·g-1,表明纳米铁粉对双波长激光均具有显著的干扰效果.     

生物材料紫外红外复合消光性能测试

针对目前消光材料实验室动态测试的现状和不足,提出了基于单光路实现生物材料紫外、红外复合消光性能的测试装置和方法。设计和制作了生物材料紫外、红外复合消光性能的测试装置,利用上述装置测试了真菌LZ0926孢子,得到了烟幕箱自制生物材料烟幕的紫外、红外波段平均透过率及质量浓度分别为29.597%、14.514%、0.389 g/m3,通过数据处理系统得到了生物材料紫外、红外波段平均质量消光系数分别为0.794 75 m2/g,1.241 59 m2/g。实验结果表明:该装置成功地利用单光路实现了生物材料的紫外、红外波段的复合消光性能测试,进一步丰富了生物材料多波段消光性能的测试手段。     

石墨烯烟幕红外干扰性能研究

氧化还原法制备了石墨烯,用透射电镜、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、拉曼光谱、红外光谱等对石墨烯进行了表征,并在烟箱中对石墨烯烟幕的红外干扰性能进行了测试。结果表明,石墨烯烟幕对1.6～14mm红外连续光谱均表现出优异的消光能力,对3～5mm和8～14mm红外的质量消光系数最高达5.49 m~2/g和4.78 m~2/g,平均质量消光系数分别为3.91 m~2/g和3.25 m~2/g,干扰性能明显优于现有红外干扰烟幕材料。此外,石墨烯气溶胶悬浮性能良好,烟幕沉降速度不高于1.63×10~(-3) m/s。     

膨胀石墨红外消光性能研究

膨胀石墨是一种新型多波段无源干扰材料.为测试膨胀石墨红外消光性能,在分析烟幕消光机理的基础上,利用烟箱测试了膨胀石墨烟幕对3～5 μm、8～12 μm两个波段红外的透过率与时间的关系曲线,用滤膜称重法测量了膨胀石墨烟幕在不同时刻的质量浓度,计算了膨胀石墨烟幕在两个红外波段的平均质量消光系数,分别为0.8013 m<'2...     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks