A 6 Gbps/pin Low‐Power Half‐Duplex Active Cross‐Coupled LVDS Transceiver with Switched Termination

A novel linear switched termination active cross‐coupled low‐voltage differential signaling (LVDS) transceiver operating at 1.5 GHz clock frequency is presented. On the transmitter side, an active cross‐coupled linear output driver and a switched termination scheme are applied to achieve high speed with low current. On the receiver side, a shared preamplifier scheme is employed to reduce power consumption. The proposed LVDS transceiver implemented in an 80 nm CMOS process is successfully demonstrated to provide a data rate of 6 Gbps/pin, an output data window of 147 ps peak‐to‐peak, and a data swing of 196 mV. The power consumption is measured to be 4.2 mW/pin at 1.2 V.     

Design of high speed LVDS transceiver ICs

The design of low-power LVDS(low voltage differential signaling) transceiver ICs is presented.The LVDS transmitter integrates a common-mode feedback control on chip,while a specially designed pre-charge circuit is proposed to improve the speed of the circuit,making the highest data rate up to 622 Mb/s.For the LVDS receiver design, the performance degradation issues are solved when handling the large input common mode voltages of the conventional LVDS receivers.In addition,the LVDS receiver also supports ...     

A low impedance receiver for power efficient current mode signalling across on-chip global interconnects

In this work we propose a low impedance receiver for on-chip high speed current-mode signalling over global interconnect. The receiver provides a very low input impedance even with a low quiescent power. The low input impedance helps to get high link bandwidth without any passive terminator. Moreover, the receiver has high transimpedance gain over a large bandwidth. This facilitates in reducing the signalling current by 6.7 times compared to a passive termination. A test chip has been fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS process to test the topology with a prototype global interconnect having a length of 10 mm. Power consumption of the transceiver for a data rate of 2.5 Gbps data is 2 mW. This gives an energy efficiency of 0.8 pJ/b.     

Design and analysis of an energy-efficient O-QPSK coherent IR-UWB transceiver with a 0.52° RMS phase-noise fractional synthesizer

This paper explores an energy-efficient pulsed ultra-wideband (UWB) radio-frequency (RF) front-end chip fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS technology,including a transmitter,receiver,and fractional synthesizer.The transmitter adopts a digital offset quadrature phase-shift keying (O-QPSK) modulator and passive direct-phase multiplexing technology,which are energy-and hardware-efficient,to enhance the data rate for a given spectrum.A passive mixer and a capacitor cross-coupled (CCC) source-follower driving amplifier (DA) are also designed for the transmitter to further reduce the low power consumption.For the receiver,a power-aware low-noise amplifier (LNA) and a quadrature mixer are applied.The LNA adopts a CCC boost common-gate amplifier as the input stage,and its current is reused for the second stage to save power.The mixer uses a shared amplification stage for the following passive IQ mixer.Phase noise suppression of the phase-locked loop (PLL) is achieved by utilizing an even-harmonics-nulled series-coupled quadrature oscillator (QVCO) and an in-band noise-aware charge pump (CP) design.The transceiver achieves a measured data rate of 0.8 Gbps with power consumption of 16 mW and 31.5 mW for the transmitter and the receiver,respectively.The optimized integrated phase noise of the PLL is 0.52° at 4.025 GHz.     

A 1.5-V 3.2 Gb/s/pin Graphic DDR4 SDRAM With Dual-Clock System, Four-Phase Input Strobing, and Low-Jitter Fully Analog DLL

Three circuit techniques for a 1.5 V, 512 Mb graphic DDR4 (GDDR4) SDRAM using a 90-nm DRAM process have been developed. First, a dual-clock system increases clocking accuracy and expands internal timing margins for harmonious core operation regardless of external clock frequency. Second, a four-phase data input strobe scheme helps to increase the input data valid window. Third, a fully analog delay-locked loop which provides a stable I/O clock and has 31.67 ps peak-to-peak jitter characteristics is designed. On the basis of these circuit techniques, the data rate is 3.2 Gbps/pin, which corresponds to 12.8 Gbps in times32 GDDR4-based I/O. Also, a multidivided architecture consisting of four independent 128 Mb core arrays is designed to reduce power line and output noise.     

2.5 Gbps收发器中1∶2解复用电路的设计

在2.5 Gbps高速串行收发系统接收端中1到2解复用电路位对于降低内核工作速度,减轻设计压力,提高电路稳定性起着关键作用.本文描述了基于电流模式逻辑的解复用电路工作原理,按照全定制设计流程采用SMIC0.18um混合信号工艺完成了高速差分数据的1到2解复用,并采用SpectreVerilog进行了数模混合仿真,结果表明该电路在2.5 Gbps收发器电路中可以稳定可靠地工作.     

A 4 Gbps current-mode transmitter for 12-bit 250 MSPS ADC

A 4 Gbps transmitter for a 12-bit 250 MSPS pipelined ADCs is presented. A low power current mode (CM) output driver with reverse scaling technique is proposed. A high speed, low power combined serializer is implemented to convert 12 bit parallel data into a seria1 data stream. The whole transmitter is used in a 12-bit 250 MSPS pipelined ADC for the digital output buffer and fabricated in 180 nm 1. 8 V 1P5M CMOS technology. Test results show that the transmitter provides an eye height greater than 800 mV for data rates of both 2 Gbps and 4 Gbps, the 12-bit 250 MSPS ADC achieves the SNR of 69.92 dBFS and SFDR of 81.17 dB with 20.1 MHz input at full sampling speed. The ADC with the 4 Gbps transmitter consumes the power consumption of 395 mW, where the power consumption of transmitter is 75 mW. The ADC occupies an area of 2.5×3.2 mm², where the active area of the transmitter block is 0.5×1.2 mm².     

一种应用于高速数据通信的LVDS接收器设计

提出了一种应用于高速数据通讯的低电压差分信号(LVDS)接收器电路设计,符合IEEEStd.1596.3-1996(LVDS)标准,有效地解决了传统电路在低电源电压下不能满足标准对宽共模范围的要求以及系统的高速低功耗要求。电路采用65nm 1P9M CMOS Logic工艺设计实现,仿真结果表明该接收器电路能在符合标准的0V-2.4V的宽输入共模电平下稳定工作,在电源电压为2.5V的工作条件下,数据传输速率可以达到2Gbps,平均功耗仅为3mW。     

Design of high-speed data transfer turbo code for body channel communication transceivers

In this work, a digital differential transmitter based on low-power wireless compensation transceiver for body channel communication (BCC) is proposed. Further, the proposed transceiver is composed of Touch Status Detection Unit (TSDU), Wireless Status Compensation Unit (WSCU), and a reconfigurable preamplifier. Initially, the human body channel environment for wireless communication is investigated based on properties from 1 to 100 MHz. Further, the turbo code-based encoding scheme is used to encode the data before transferring the data on the transmitter side. Also, the proposed error-correcting parallel turbo decoder using a modified step-by-step algorithm is presented. The turbo code-based decoding scheme is used to recover the error-free transmitted data at the receiver side. Results demonstrate that the proposed BCC transceiver is designed using 90 nm CMOS technology and it is observed that the proposed BCC transceiver has utilized an area of 600mm². Also, the maximum data rate achieved by a proposed BCC transceiver was 100 Mbps, and the overall transceiver power consumption is 0.42 mW, and energy for communication is 0.02 nj/b.     

一种基于CMOS工艺的Gbps高速LVDS发送电路

低压差分信号（LVDS）是用于高速低功耗数据传输的一种非常理想的传输技术。由于使用全差分技术和低电压摆幅,LVDS技术达到高速度的同时消耗的功耗非常小。设计了一种具有Gbps发送速度的LVDS发送电路。通过在输出采用闭环控制模式,使得LVDS输出共模电平和电压幅值被控制在一个合理的范围内。基于SMIC 0．18μm CMOS工艺模型,采用Hspice仿真器对整个发送电路进行模拟,结果表明所设计的发送电路具有4Gbps发送速度,功耗仅为18．6mW。     

A CMOS 5.4/3.24‐Gbps Dual‐Rate CDR with Enhanced Quarter‐Rate Linear Phase Detector

This paper presents a clock and data recovery circuit that supports dual data rates of 5.4 Gbps and 3.24 Gbps for DisplayPort v1.2 sink device. A quarter‐rate linear phase detector (PD) is used in order to mitigate high speed circuit design effort. The proposed linear PD results in better jitter performance by increasing up and down pulse widths of the PD and removes dead‐zone problem of charge pump circuit. A voltage‐controlled oscillator is designed with a ‘Mode’ switching control for frequency selection. The measured RMS jitter of recovered clock signal is 2.92 ps, and the peak‐to‐peak jitter is 24.89 ps under 231–1 bit‐long pseudo‐random bit sequence at the bitrate of 5.4 Gbps. The chip area is 1.0 mm×1.3 mm, and the power consumption is 117 mW from a 1.8 V supply using 0.18 μm CMOS process.     

Multilevel differential encoding with precentering for high-speed parallel link transceiver

A multilevel differential encoding scheme is proposed as a new approach for use in high-speed parallel transceiver systems. While incurring little or no increase in the number of links, the proposed encoding scheme overcomes two major problems in single-ended parallel links-reference ambiguity and power-line fluctuations. The proposed scheme transmits differentially encoded data among the pins and adjusts the driving current to be constant so as to minimize the L(di/dt) switching noise on the output driver power lines. A new precentering scheme is also applied to maximize the horizontal eye opening by centering all signals during a predefined time before the start of the next symbol transition. To verify the proposed schemes, a transceiver chip was designed and fabricated in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The chip, which consists of 18 parallel links with only three ground and three supply pins for the output drivers, employs a three-level differential encoding scheme to achieve a maximum data rate of 1.8 Gb/s with a bit error rate of less than 10/sup -12/.     

焦平面数据的光传输方案设计

为了解决利用普通电线传输数据引起杜瓦瓶内温度升高的问题,针对致冷型焦平面工作时的低温、低功耗、高速和小体积要求,研究了将焦平面数据向杜瓦瓶外传输的光学传输方法．讨论了空间光调制以及激光传输方法在光传输上的应用,设计了相应的方案,并指出了其优缺点．实验表明,空间光调制方法具有高速并行信息传输的特点,数据传输率可达到24Gbps,但结构设计较为复杂,所需功耗大;激光传输为串行传输,数据传输率可达到2Gbps,功耗一般在百毫瓦左右,结构简单,体积小,是一种更实用的焦平面数据传输方法．     

采用电流复用拓扑的宽带收发一体多功能电路

基于标准的GaAs赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(PHEMT)单片微波集成电路(MMIC)工艺设计并制备了一款宽带收发一体多功能电路芯片.该多功能芯片包含了功率放大器、低噪声放大器和收发开关.放大器采用电流复用拓扑结构实现了低功耗的目标.收发开关采用浮地结构避免了使用负电源.芯片在14～ 24 GHz工作频率的实测结果显示:接收支路噪声系数小于3.0dB,增益大于18 dB,输入及输出电压驻波比(VSWR)均小于2.0,1 dB压缩点输出功率大于0 dBm,直流功耗为60 mW;发射支路增益大于21 dB,输入输出VSWR均小于1.8,1dB压缩点输出功率大于10 dBm,直流功耗为180 mW.芯片尺寸为2 600 μm×1 800 μm.该多功能收发电路的在片测试结果和仿真结果一致,性能达到了设计要求.     

A low-power 416-lag 1.5-b 0.5-TMAC correlator in 0.6-μm CMOS

The autocorrelation spectrometer is an important instrument for radio astronomy. In satellite-based spectrometers, low power consumption is essential. The correlator chip presented in this paper reduces the power consumption more than five times compared to other full-custom designs. This has been achieved by reducing the number of clocked transistors, using a compact layout of cells, which reduces wire lengths, and using parallel processing of data. Also, the low power performance is combined with a large number of lags and a high data throughput. The correlator performs 0.5-TMAC operations in 416 lags at a sample rate of 1.28-GSample/s with an input data precision of 1.5-b and a correlation period of one second. The chip is also designed to reduce noise generation by using multiple internal clock phases     

1.25 Gbps并串转换CMOS集成电路

分析了由超高速易重用单元构造的树型和串行组合结构 ,实现了在输入半速率时钟条件下 1 0路到1路吉比特率并串转换。通过理论推导着重讨论了器件延时和时钟畸变对并串转换的影响 ,指出了解决途径。芯片基于 0 .3 5μm CMOS工艺 ,采用全定制设计 ,芯片面积为 2 4.1 9mm2 。串行数据输出的最高工作速率达到 1 .62 Gbps,可满足不同吉比特率通信系统的要求。在 1 .2 5 Gbps标准速率 ,工作电压 3 .3 V,负载为 5 0 Ω的条件下 ,功耗为 1 74.84m W,输出电压峰 -峰值可达到 2 .42 V,占空比为 49% ,抖动为 3 5 ps rms。测试结果和模拟结果一致 ,表明所设计的电路结构在性能、速度、功耗和面积优化方面的先进性。文中设计的芯片具有广泛应用和产业化前景。     

基于65nm工艺的3Gb/s多通道收发器*

采用 65nm工艺,实现了一款16位并行收发器的IP核,它在5pf的负载及HBM 2000V的ESD保护下,其速率为3Gb/s。为了减小延时,均衡器、时钟数据恢复电路、CRC检测电路以及8b/10b编码电路在设计中均没有使用,所以整个电路在没有电缆的情况的延时为7ns。根据收发器在工艺、电压和温度下的鲁棒特性,在设计中采用了自动频率校正的锁相环电路,低偏移的差分时钟树及具有共模反馈的稳定电流模驱动器电路。该收发器在3Gbps速度下误码率小于10^-15,可以在不同的工艺角和极端温度下正常工作,并且能够容忍20%电压的偏差变化,在100nm下的具有低延时和高稳定性的高性能处理器中能够得到很好的应用。     

Equalization and pre-emphasis based LVDS transceiver

This work presents an area-efficient, low-power, high data rate low voltage differential signal (LVDS) transmitter and receiver with signal quality enhancing techniques. The proposed common mode feedback scheme significantly reduces the size of the LVDS transmitter by eliminating the use of area consuming passive resistor and capacitor used for close loop stability compensation. A preemphasis technique has been introduced to enhance the transmitter output’s signal quality without significantly increasing the power draw. On the receiver part, an equalization technique has also been introduced to further enhance signal quality, increases data rate and improved jitter with relatively low power consumption. The LVDS transmitter consumes 5.4 mA of current while driving an external 100 ohm resistor with an output voltage swing of 440 mV. The chip consumes an area of 0.044 mm². This LVDS receiver has an input common mode range from 0.1 to 1.6 V. It consumes 34 mW of power with a maximum data rate of 2 Gbps. It consumes an area of 0.147 mm² a jitter of 11.74 ps rms. A test chip is implemented using 0.18 μm CMOS process.     

High-Speed Single-Ended Parallel Link Based on Three-Level Differential Encoding

An encoding scheme for high-speed single-ended parallel transceiver system is presented. Compared to the 50% I/O pin utilization of the conventional differential encoding, the proposed system employs 3-level differential coding to increase the utilization to 75% and 93% using a group of four and six conductors, respectively. The proposed coding scheme also reduces the effects of inter-symbol interference (ISI), removes reference ambiguity, and reduces power line fluctuations at the transmitter side. Using simple encoder/decoder, the proposed scheme enables multiple drivers at the transmitter to recycle the same current, reducing power consumption. To validate the proposed system, a parallel link was designed in 0.18 mum CMOS process. The chip implements the coding algorithm over four conductors and achieves a data rate of 4.2 Gb/s/pin while dissipating 17.1 mW/Gb/s.     

A 5 Gb/s transceiver in 0.13μm CMOS for PCIE2.0

This paper presents a CML transceiver for a PCI-express generation 2 physical layer protocol that has been fabricated by SMIC’s 0.13μm CMOS technology.The active area of the transceiver is 0.016 mm~2 and it consumes a total of 150 mW power at a 1.2 V supply voltage.The transmitter uses two stage pre-emphasis circuits with active inductors,reducing inter-symbol interference and extended bandwidth;the receiver uses a time-domain adaptive equalizer,the circuit uses an inductive peaking technique and extends the bandwidth,and the use of active inductors reduces the circuit area and power consumption effectively.The measurement results show that this circuit could stably transmit the signal at the data rate of 5 Gbps,the output signal swing of the transmitter is 350 mV with jitter of 14 ps,the eye opening of the receiver is 135 mV and the eye width is 0.56 UI.The circuit performance sufficiently meets the requirements of the PCI-Express 2.0 protocol.