双水相法回收异戊酰螺旋霉素生产废水中的螺旋霉素

建立了乙醇- K2HPO4双水相体系萃取螺旋霉素的方法,对测得的双水相体系的双节线数据进行拟合,并系统研究了K2HPO4浓度、乙醇浓度、螺旋霉素初始浓度、萃取温度和体系pH对分配系数和萃取率的影响。结果表明,双水相萃取螺旋霉素是自发进行、吸热熵增的过程。当K2HPO4质量分数为20%,乙醇质量分数为16%,萃取温度为25℃,体系pH为9.2~9.5时,分配系数可达36.66以上,萃取率可达97.11%以上。其中,当体系"pH = 9.5" 时,分配系数达到47.52,萃取率达到97.97%。乙醇-K2HPO4双水相体系萃取螺旋霉素的纯化倍数及萃取率高,而且所用成相物质乙醇和K2HPO4可以回收重复使用,避免了二次污染,为处理含螺旋霉素的异戊酰螺旋霉素生产废水提供了新的方法。     

1,2,4-丁三醇的双水相萃取

对低分子有机溶剂/无机盐双水相体系萃取分离发酵液中1,2,4-丁三醇（1,2,4-butanetriol,BT）进行了深入研究。通过对不同双水相体系的筛选,最终选定无水乙醇/K₂HPO₄双水相体系来萃取分离BT。使用浊点法对以BT为溶剂的无水乙醇/K₂HPO₄双水相体系进行相图的绘制,发现在K₂HPO₄质量分数为19.83%~46.87%范围内均能成相。通过单因素实验,考察双水相体系中无水乙醇/K₂HPO₄质量分数、pH对BT在两相之间分配系数和萃取效率的影响,得到最佳萃取条件为：系统总量10g、pH 9.5,无水乙醇/K₂HPO₄的质量分数为28%/28%,分配系数和萃取效率分别可以达到18.35和95.87%。在最佳萃取条件下,进一步探究了放大实验对体系萃取效率的影响,发现其对分配系数和萃取效率影响较小,体系稳定性高,为工业提取发酵液中BT提供新思路。     

乙醇-硫酸铵双水相萃取柚子皮中黄酮类化合物的研究

利用乙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系萃取柚子皮中的黄酮类化合物,采用响应面法对提取条件进行优化。结果表明,最佳萃取条件为:硫酸铵质量分数30%,乙醇质量分数35%,液料比36∶1 (mL/g),萃取温度50℃,萃取时间1.6 h。该条件下,黄酮类化合物的得率达到(48.22±3.04)mg/g。     

Single step recovery of lipase from Penicillium cyclopium by aqueous two-phase extraction

Recovery of lipase from Penicillium cyclopium by aqueous two-phase extraction was studied with maximal possible crude enzyme loads. In polyethylene glycol/dextran and polyethylene glycol/salt systems the influences of molecular weight and concentration of polyethylene glycol, phase-forming salt and phase volume ratio were evaluated. Lipase partition coefficient 9 followed by the top phase yield 95.7% and purification factor 3.4 were achieved in 15% (w w^?1) polyethylene glycol 4000/15% (w w^?1) KH₂PO₄/70% (w w^?1) crude enzyme. Efficient single-step recovery of lipase followed by partial enzyme purification indicated possible integration of production and primary bioseparation step by aqueous two-phase extraction. By varying phase volume ratio, the concentration of phosphate was reduced without decrease in lipase recovery.     

不同双水相提取山药总黄酮的研究

用不同双水相提取山药总黄酮,并得出最佳双水相。用各双水相提取2h,以分光光度法测定总黄酮的含量为评价指标。实验结果表明在60℃时用聚乙二醇-磷酸氢二钾双水相提取山药总黄酮的效果相对较好,测得样品中ρ(总黄酮)=0.746 2mg/mL,提取率为3.731 0%。     

Sulfur content of crude rapesseed oil from aqueous extraction

Dry heating of rapeseed before grinding increased the sulphur content of the crude rapeseed oil. Boiling the seeds in H₂O before grinding caused a slight decrease in the sulphur level of the oil. Control of pH during boiling of the ground rapeseed increased the sulphur content of the oil from ca. 2 ppm at pH 3.1 to ca. 10 ppm at pH 7.6.     

Liquid-liquid extraction of protease from cold-adapted yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa L7 using biocompatible and biodegradable aqueous two-phase systems

This work aimed to optimize the extraction of an extracellular protease produced by the cold-adapted yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa L7 using aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) comprising polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sodium citrate or sodium tartrate. First, the biocompatibility of the phase forming agents was assessed. The results obtained with PEG-2000, PEG-4000, and PEG-6000 demonstrated that even at large PEG concentrations (32 wt%) the protease maintains its activity after 3 h of reaction, whereas an increase in salt concentration provokes a gradual decrease in protease stability. Subsequently, the partitioning of the protease in both types of ATPS was assessed, evaluating the effect of temperature, molecular weight, and concentration of PEG on protease purification, using two 2³-full factorial designs. The best partitioning conditions were obtained in PEG-6000/sodium tartrate-based ATPS, at 30ºC (with a yield of 81.09 ± 0.66% and a purification factor of 2.51 ± 0.03). Thus, considering the biodegradable characteristics of the system, the PEG/sodium tartrate ATPS is a viable and economic low-resolution step in protease purification, with a strong potential for future industrial application.     

双水相分离提取胃蛋白酶和琼脂糖的初步研究

以聚乙二醇/硫酸钠双水相体系分离提取琼脂糖和胃蛋白酶.结果表明:琼脂糖的回收率高于90%,胃蛋白酶的回收率约为50%,两者最适宜的分离条件为:pH值为3,Na2SO4浓度为0.4 g·mL-1,PEG10000的浓度为0.002 mol·L-1.     

表面活性剂双水相萃取分离氨基酸研究

用溴化十二烷基三乙铵(C12NE)与十二烷基硫钠(SDS)混合体系形成双水相,测定混合摩尔比与分相比例的关系,并以苯丙氨酸为萃取对象研究其在双水相体系中的分配及多级错流萃取效果。实验结果表明,当C12NE与SDS摩尔比为(1.6∶1)—(1.7∶1)时体系有分相,其中当C12NE与SDS摩尔比为1.65∶1时,分相所得上下相体积比为1∶1,且分相时间为10 m in左右,为适合实验条件。双水相体系萃取苯丙氨酸的结果表明,单级萃取率可达80%以上,二级萃取率可达99%以上。     

Mathematical modelling of polyphenol extraction by aqueous two-phase system in continuously operated macro- and micro-extractors

An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) in combination with macro- and micro-extractors was used for polyphenol extraction from a model solution (gallic acid) and three real samples (red and white wine, and orange juice). The objective of the present study was to apply a mathematical model that successfully describes and predicts performances of macro- and micro-extractors. The micro-extractor system was selected as the most suitable for the polyphenol extraction because the same extraction efficiency was obtained for two levels of magnitude shorter residence time compared to the macro-extractor. Based on good agreement between model predictions and experimental results, the obtained simulations could be used for further process optimization and improvement.     

双水相中亮绿的萃取分离及测定

建立聚乙二醇-2000(PEG)-(NH4)2SO4双水相体系萃取光度法测定亮绿(BG)的新方法。测定了PEG相中亮绿吸收光谱和荧光光谱,研究了溶液酸度、盐用量、PEG用量及共存物质对体系测定的影响。结果表明,在溶液酸度pH=6,PEG用量5.0 mL,硫酸铵加入量2.0 g、测定波长630 nm时,PEG相中BG有最大吸光度。线性回归方程Y=0.005 83+0.054 53X,相关系数R=0.999 3,线性范围为0.01～0.17μg/mL。方法具有快速、灵敏、简便的优点,用于天然水中BG测定结果较好。用加入不同类型表面活性剂和光谱方法初步探讨了PEG与BG的相互作用。     

双水相萃取黄连生物碱的研究

利用聚乙二醇(PEG)和硫酸铵（(NH4)2SO4）形成的双水相体系萃取黄连生物碱。通过双水相体系的改变,分别对黄连中4种主要生物碱：小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马丁、药根碱在双水相中的分配行为进行研究,并结合紫外分光光度法检测筛选出黄连生物碱最佳萃取工艺。最佳萃取工艺参数：pH = 6,T = 20 ℃,PEG1000质量分数20%,(NH4)2SO4质量分数16%,小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马丁、药根碱的最高萃取率分别为99.79%,,98.04%,99.96%,99.39%。双水相萃取黄连生物碱高效环保可行。     

双水相体系萃取分离金属离子研究进展

双水相体系是一种绿色环保的新型分离技术,应用领域相当广泛,是近年来的研究热点。论述了双水相体系用于萃取分离金属离子的研究现状。根据所使用萃取剂的不同分3种情况进行了论述：不添加任何萃取剂直接萃取金属离子;以无机阴离子为萃取剂,依靠金属阳离子与无机阴离子形成的阴离子配合物（螯合物）而转移到萃取相,萃取金属离子;采用有机试剂作为萃取剂,依靠金属离子与萃取剂反应形成的中性配合物（螯合物）而转移到萃取相,萃取金属离子。论述了双水相体系萃取分离金属离子的发展趋势：建立金属离子在双水相体系中分配的机理模型;双水相体系成相物质的回收及再利用;通过无机盐水化能力的差异,或者通过双水相体系的温度诱导相分离,实现无机盐的分离与常温制备;开展双水相体系萃取分离金属离子的工程研究。     

Improving the bonding strength of laminated composites by optimizing fabric composition

Delamination is the most common failure mode in laminated composites due to the weaker strength in the through‐the‐thickness direction. Air‐jet texturing is used to produce bulk and loops in the yarn which provides more contact surface between fibers and resin. The development and characterization of core‐and‐effect textured glass yarns and the effect of texturing on the mechanical properties of laminated composites were presented in previous papers. This article describes the optimization of textured composites by varying the type and combination of constituent yarns for improving the mechanical properties. Composites with combinations of various textured yarns and non‐textured yarns were made. It was observed that the composites made from fabrics having non‐textured yarn in the warp and core‐and‐effect textured yarn in the weft had the best combination of mechanical properties. They maintained the tensile and flexure properties of composites with non‐textured yarns but had significantly higher interlaminar shear strength. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Sugaring-out-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction of fructooligosaccharides from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)

Yacon roots contain about 80 wt% of β-(2-1)-fructooligosaccharides (FOS). This work aims to use water extraction method combined with sugaring-out technology to extract FOS from yacon. Most of FOS was extracted into the acetonitrile (ACN)-rich top phase, when yacon roots were dissolved in an ACN-yacon water extract mixture without extra sugar addition. Experimental results indicated that the partitioning behavior of FOS was closely correlated with the concentration of sugar in water extract of yacon, the system temperature and the volume ratio between ACN solution and yacon water extract.     

双水相萃取法分离纯化黄酮类化合物的研究进展

综述双水相体系的组成、特点和双水相萃取法分离纯化黄酮类化合物的研究进展。双水相萃取是一项利用不复杂的设备,并在温和条件下进行简单的操作就可获得较高收率和有效成分的新型分离技术,该技术在黄酮类化合物的分离分析中取得了较好的效果,有望成为一种新型的黄酮类化合物的分离纯化方法。     

PEG/（NH4）2SO4双水相萃取分离茶氨酸的研究

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)/(NH4)2SO4双水相体系萃取分离生产茶多酚所得废液中的茶氨酸,考察了PEG分子量与含量、硫酸铵含量、pH、温度、加盐(KCl、KBr、KI)、茶氨酸含量对双水相及萃取分离茶氨酸的影响。结果表明,PEG/(NH4)2SO4双水相萃取分离茶氨酸的适宜条件是:PEG平均分子量为4 000,质量分数为10%,硫酸铵质量分数为15%,pH约为6,30℃。在此条件下,茶氨酸的分配系数K1=0.16,蛋白质的分配系数K2=0.28,糖类的分配系数K3=9.8,茶氨酸在下相的萃取率为89.5%,可以将茶多酚废液中的茶氨酸与糖类及其他有颜色的杂质分开。     

丙烯制冷系统改造及优化操作

本文简单介绍了丙烯制冷原理及包头煤化工分公司丙烯制冷系统工艺流程,着重讨论了对丙烯制冷系统原设计的改造,开车及运行过程中出现的问题、注意事项及整改措施。经过不断地技术改造、操作优化和经验总结,取得了明显成效,在安全稳定运行的基础上,不但节约大量丙烯,而且还缩短了开车时间。丙烯平均月耗从优化前的24t减少到现在的1t,开车时间也从4h缩短至2h,为公司节约了生产成本,也为以后的安全稳定运行奠定良好基础。     

Simultaneous recovery of glycyrrhizic acid and liquiritin from Chinese licorice root (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) by aqueous two-phase system and evaluation biological activities of extracts

Aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was used for simultaneous purification of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and liquiritin (LQ) from crude extract of Chinese licorice root. It was revealed that 87% GA and 94% LQ were retrieved in the ATPS top phase, under the optimum conditions of 25% (w/w) ethanol, 30% (w/w) K₂HPO₄ and 4% (w/w) loading sample at 10–40°C. Compared with crude extract, the ATPS top-phase extract exhibited the highest antioxidative activity, but no tyrosinase inhibitory effect. Whereas, the ATPS bottom-phase extract was proved to be effective ABTS radical scavenger and tyrosinase inhibitor, suggesting the potency of the alcohol-salt ATPS purification for the different medicinal purposes.