壳聚糖磺化衍生物的制备及抑菌性能研究

在进一步提高脱乙酰度的基础上 ,分别对壳聚糖进行直接磺化、羟丙基改性后再磺化以及黄原酸化。它们反应的最佳条件分别为 :1克壳聚糖、甲酰胺 10ml、氯磺酸 4ml、反应温度 70℃、反应时间 4小时 ;2克羟丙基壳聚糖、氯磺酸5ml、甲酰胺 2 0ml、反应温度 70℃、反应时间 3小时 ;1克壳聚糖、NaOH溶液 5ml、浓度 30 %、CS2 12ml、反应温度 80℃、反应时间 6小时。另外 ,对壳聚糖及其磺化衍生物的抗菌性也进行了研究。     

壳聚糖衍生物抗菌塑料制备与性能评价

采用水相悬浮聚合法合成壳聚糖接枝苯乙烯（CTS-g-St）抗菌剂，机械共混法制备了以LDPE为基体的抗菌塑料，采用红外光谱分析抗菌剂，扫描电镜观察材料断面，定量抗菌实验对抗菌塑料抗菌活性进行了测定，并测试了材料的力学性能。结果表明：苯乙烯单体成功接枝到壳聚糖分子上；改性壳聚糖与树脂间具有很好的相容性；抗菌剂添加量为2份时，抗菌塑料对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌在24h、48h抗菌率均超过90％；抗菌剂的加入对材料力学性能无不良影响。     

抗菌型高抗冲聚苯乙烯的制备

采用机械共混法和热本体聚合法制备抗菌型高抗冲PS（HIPS）,通过定性和定量试验对抗菌型HIPS的抗菌活性进行了测定与分析。结果表明,用机械共混法和热本体聚合法制得的抗菌型HIPS都具有强抗菌活性,抗菌率分别达95％和99％以上;在热本体聚合法中,对所用PSK-11中的抗菌组分的表面处理能有效地提高产物在短接触时间下的抗菌活性;通过这两种方法制备的抗菌型HIPS未产生变色,在放置3年后对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率均超过99％,表现出优异的抗菌稳定性、持久性。     

Antibacterial activity of chitosan grafting nisin: Preparation and characterization

Nisin grafted chitosan was prepared by using microbial transglutaminase as biocatalyst. The transglutaminase-catalyzed reaction displayed high efficiency, high selectivity, mild reaction condition and environmental friendliness. The results revealed that the degree of substitution (DS) of nisin–chitosan could be controlled by adjusting the reaction time, the reaction temperature and the molar ratio of nisin to chitosan. And nisin–chitosan in different pH showed excellent solubility. In addition, in vitro antibacterial activity assessment, nisin–chitosan with the concentration of 0.008 mg/mL showed pronounced inhibitory effect against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Furthermore, L929 mouse fibroblasts were cultured with nisin–chitosan, and the methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed that nisin–chitosan with the concentration from 0.005 to 0.01 mg/mL displayed low toxicity. The results may contribute to finding the application of nisin–chitosan in pharmaceutical and food industry fields.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Triazole Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors and Biocides

Three compounds namely; 5-(phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 3-(decylthio)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole and 3-(benzylthio)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole) were synthesized. The chemical structure of the prepared compounds was confirmed using FTIR and ¹H-NMR analysis. The compounds were tested as corrosion inhibitors against the corrosion of carbon steel in 1 M HCl using weight loss, polarization and electrochemical impedance methods. The results revealed that these compounds have significant inhibiting effects on the corrosion of carbon steel. Polarization studies showed that the compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors which retard the anodic and the cathodic reactions with a predominant effect towards the cathodic reaction. The prepared compounds were evaluated as antimicrobial agents against sulfate-reducing bacteria using the serial dilution method, which showed good biocidal action.     

Repeated Batch-Fed Bioevaporation of Food Waste Using Biofilm-Developed Sponge

By aerobically cultivating the fragmented sponge in synthetic wastewater containing activated sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), biofilm was developed on its surface, and this biofilm-containing sponge was used as a bulking agent and microbial carrier for food waste (FW) bioevaporation. The water of the FW was evaporated by metabolic heat released from the aerobic microbial degradation of the volatile solids (VS) contained in FW. Repeated running of FW bioevaporation for 10 cycles was successful in that 85–96% of the H₂O added as FW was removed by consuming 56–71% of the FW VS during the second to tenth cycles. For the first cycle, it was found by microbial community analysis using a pyrosequencing technique that heat production was less than subsequent cycles (second to tenth cycles) because thermophilic microorganisms were not fully developed yet. From the second to tenth cycles, thermophilic bacteria, mostly belonging to the genus Bacillus, accounted for 43–83% of the total population, whereas less than 1% was identified as Bacillus among microorganisms contained in the FW, fresh biofilm, and the feed (mixture of FW and biofilm-developed sponge). B. thermolactics, B. coagulans, and Pseudoxanthomonas taiwanensis were the major species in the second to tenth cycles of the bioevaporation process. It was also found that the accumulated VS was further degraded by adding water into the bioevaporation reactor. From these results, it was concluded that repeated bioevaporation was possible by using biofilm-developed sponge.     

短程好氧发酵强化餐厨废物厌氧消化性能

研究了短程好氧预处理提高餐厨废物高温厌氧消化性能。结果表明：短程好氧发酵减少了餐厨废物中多余的易酸化和易降解的有机物,增强了高温厌氧反应的稳定性,提高了产气量和消化效率;同时,必须防止过度好氧发酵以免过多地消耗底物和降低产气量。餐厨废物经过12h好氧处理的厌氧消化过程稳定性能最好、累积产气量达到最大值29928mL,较直接厌氧消化提高了26％。厌氧消化动力学研究表明,短程好氧发酵6h、12h、24h、48h和72h的餐厨废物的厌氧反应速率常数分别为0．145d^-1、0．143d^-1、0．140d^-1、0．175d^-1和0．182d^-1。     

用TCCA废料制备DCCNa的研究

通过中和反应，过滤，冷却结晶的方法将TCCA废料制备成DCCNa。     

苏州市餐厨垃圾产量调查分析

对苏州市餐厨垃圾现状进行问卷调查,掌握了苏州市餐厨垃圾产量、收运以及处置现状,并对典型餐厨垃圾的理化性质进行分析。调查结果显示:苏州市餐厨垃圾年产量约为35万吨。餐饮业、高校及企事业单位食堂人均餐厨垃圾产生量分别为0.35 kg/(人·次)、0.13 kg/(人·次)、0.24 kg/(人·次)。     

Evaluation of Some Nonionic Surfactants Derived From Vanillin as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel During Drilling Processes

Four eco‐friendly nonionic surfactants based on vanillin were investigated as corrosion inhibitors against carbon steel dissolution during the drilling process in the oil field. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of the tested compounds were determined using weight loss, electrochemical polarization, and electrochemical impedance techniques. The data obtained show that the nonionic surfactants prevent the corrosion of drilling tools and their inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in their concentration. Tafel curves revealed that the surfactants under study act as mixed inhibitors. The adsorption of the inhibitors on carbon steel surface decreases the double‐layer capacitance. The inhibition efficiencies of the surfactants were influenced by their chemical structure and surface activity.     

废聚苯乙烯制备PS胶粘剂的研究

研究了废聚苯乙烯泡味塑料制备PS胶粘剂的方法，并对其低毒有机溶剂、交联改性剂等进行优选，制得了低毒性、低成本、高性能的胶粘剂。     

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Amido-Amine-Based Cationic Gemini Surfactants

A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants were synthesized from corresponding amido-amines in a single step reaction. The amido-amines were obtained from long chain carboxylic acids and 3-N,N-dimethylamino-1-propyl-amine with excellent isolated yield (up to 95 %). All the synthesized quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were further investigated for surface active properties. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction were determined. The surface tension measurements of newly synthesized gemini surfactants showed good water solubility, and low CMC values, had great efficiency in lowering the surface tension and a strong adsorption at the air/water interface than the corresponding monomeric surfactants. Further, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized QACs against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was also investigated.     

用废聚苯乙烯塑料制备胶粘剂的综述

废聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料在自然界中不能自然降解而正成为严重的社会公害，其综合利用在当今社会越来越受到重视。本文着重分析了聚苯乙烯塑料在我国的消费状况并阐述了利用废旧泡沫塑料研制和开发各种不同用途胶粘剂的进展     

地沟油制备生物柴油的研究进展

生物柴油是一种原料广泛的可再生性燃料资源,目前世界各国正掀起开发利用生物柴油资源的热潮,与矿物柴油相比,它具有低含硫和低排放污染,可再生,优良的生物可降解性等特点,有广阔的发展前景,而原料问题是制约生物柴油产业发展的瓶颈。地沟油来源广泛,廉价易得,是制备生物柴油的良好原料。利用地沟油制备生物柴油不但可以缓解能源危机、环境污染等社会问题,还提供了废弃食用油脂的合理化利用方式、防止废弃食用油脂再次返回餐桌。文章综述了地沟油的来源及特点、生物柴油的生产技术和应用现状以及我国生物柴油行业存在的问题,并提出了相应的合理化建议。     

地沟油制备生物柴油研究进展

利用地沟油制备生物柴油,既可以实现地沟油的资源化利用,又可以大大降低生物柴油的生产成本。综述了以地沟油为原料,酯交换法制备生物柴油的原理及工艺,并对各种工艺进行了比较。     

广东省某市餐厨垃圾产生现状及其分布特征调研分析

采用资料收集、问卷调研和现场调查等方法,调研了广东省某市餐厨垃圾产生现状,并深入分析了其分布特征。结果表明,人口数量和经济水平是影响区域餐厨垃圾产生量的主要因素,食堂、特大型餐馆、大型餐馆和中型餐馆餐厨垃圾产生量较大,应作为餐厨垃圾管理的重点。     

利用建筑废渣灰和铸造旧砂再生粉尘制备高强轻集料及性能研究

本文以建筑废渣灰和铸造旧砂再生粉尘为主要原料,分别在1100℃、1120℃和1140℃温度下焙烧制备轻集料.研究了原料配比和焙烧温度对轻集料性能的影响,并分析了轻集料的微观结构.研究结果显示:1140℃条件下,建筑废渣灰含量为90％时,可以制备出表观密度为1281 kg/m3、抗压强度为8.21 MPa、吸水率为0.85％的高强轻集料.     

乙醇与餐饮废油制备生物柴油的工艺研究

以餐饮废油和乙醇为原料,以氢氧化钾为催化剂,采用酯交换法制备生物柴油。考查了醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间和温度对原料转化率的影响。正交试验结果表明,餐饮废油与乙醇酯交换反应的最佳反应条件为：醇油摩尔比12∶1,催化剂用量1.25%,反应温度78℃,反应时间1.5h。在此反应条件下,餐饮废油转化率达65.12%;在此基础上引入四氢呋喃作助溶剂,转化率可提高至86%~90%。     

利用镀镍废液制备硫酸镍

在镀镍废液中先加H_2O_2使Fe~(2+)氧化成Fe~(3+),再加NaOH除去Fe(OH)_3及Cu(OH)_2等杂质,然后加Na_2CO_3使N_i~(2+)成NiCO_3沉淀,再加H_2SO_4使之溶解,经蒸发结晶制得NiSO_4.7H_2O。产品质量达国家二级标准。     

脂肪酶催化食用废油制备生物柴油

利用脂肪酶为催化剂,食用废油与甲醇反应,制备生物柴油,最佳酯化反应条件为反应温度50℃、脂肪酶催化剂用量为原料量的3%、甲醇与食用废油体积比为3∶1、共溶剂丁酮量为甲醇量的1/6、pH=7,反应时间4h,生物柴油产率可达到78%,对产品的各项指标测定,均达到GB/T20828-2007要求,指标并与0#石化柴油相接近。