ANALYSIS ON THE SPINNING FORCES IN FLEXIBLE SPINNING OF CONES

Flexible spinning is a new type of spinning process where spin-forming is performedwithout using a mandrel. Combining shearing and rolling processes, the calculation formulas of thespinning forces in flexible spinning of cones is presented. The effects of the main processing parame-ters, such as gripping force G applied to the blank by the inner roller, the feed rate of rollers f and theroundness radius of outer roller r_o, on the spinning forces are analyzed experimentally and theoreti-cally.     

ANALYSIS ON THE SPINNING FORCESN IN FLEXIBLE SPINNING OF CONES

Flexible spinning is a new type of spinning process where spin-forming is performed without using a mandrel. Combining shearing and rolling processes, the calculation formulas of the spinning forces in flexible spinning of cones is presented. The effects of the main processing parameters, such as gripping force G applied to the blank by the inner roller, the feed rate of rollers f and theroundness radius of outer roller ro, on the spinning forces are analyzed experimentally and theorelically.     

无错距强力旋压连杆衬套过程数值模拟研究

以发动机的锡青铜连杆衬套为研究对象,运用DEFORM-3D有限元软件对连杆衬套毛坯的无错距强力旋压过程进行了数值模拟。根据模拟结果,重点分析了在旋压过程中的金属流动速度规律、旋轮的受力以及毛坯的等效应力应变的分布情况。得出了旋压过程中毛坯径向和切向流动速度、大小和方向相似,与毛坯壁厚中心点的流动速度始终相反的正弦分布规律,旋轮所受径向和切向力分布相似且轴向受力最小,旋压过程中等效—应力应变主要分布在旋轮与毛坯的接触区域,远离接触区域的等效—应变较小,毛坯内部存在残余应力等。     

三维非轴对称偏心类管件旋压成形时的变形力分析

采用主应力法建立了三维非轴对称偏心类薄壁管件旋压成形时的变形力的理论计算公式,并对旋轮公转角度γ、道次偏移量δ等成形工艺参数对旋压力变化的影响进行了理论分析。结果表明,在偏心类管件旋压过程中,旋压力随旋轮公转角度γ作周期性变化,其变化的幅度取决于道次偏移量δ的大小。对工件道次偏移量δ、旋轮进给比f和名义压下量Δ等主要成形工艺参数对最大旋压力的影响进行了理论分析和试验研究,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

A study of the spinning force of hollow parts with triangular cross sections

The noncircular spinning is one of the recent breakthroughs of the traditional spinning processes. The spinning force is one of the important parameters for designing the spinning equipment and one of the main factors influencing the forming quality of spun parts. The variation of spinning force during noncircular spinning is considerably different from that of the conventional spinning due to the high-speed reciprocating movement of the roller induced by the variable spun workpiece profile. This paper presents an experimental investigation of spinning force characteristics of a hollow part with triangular cross sections using an octagon ring transducer based on electrical measuring method. A series of experiments using profiling driving spinning method was carried out to study the effects of the main process parameters, such as the roller feed rate, blank thickness–diameter ratio, and mandrel rotational speed, on the spinning force characteristics. The important characteristics of the force components of noncircular spinning were discussed based on the electrical measuring results. Furthermore, the variations of force components were compared with those obtained in the cases of conventional spinning and 3D non-axisymmetrical spinning. The results show that different from the conventional spinning and similar to the 3D non-axisymmetrical spinning, the three components of spinning force along the axial, radial, and tangential direction of roller vary periodically with the mandrel rotational angle. Different from the conventional and the 3D non-axisymmetrical spinning, the maximum spinning force is related to the mandrel rotational speed, even if the feed rate of roller remains constant, and increases with the increase of the mandrel rotational speed.     

工艺参数对平板毛坯普旋成形的影响规律

基于ABAQUS/Explicit平台建立了符合实际的普旋三维仿真模型,利用此模型对平板毛坯普旋成形过程进行了模拟,研究了旋轮进给率、旋轮圆角半径、旋轮入旋角、板料厚度4个关键参数对平板毛坯普旋(第一道次)成形过程及旋压件质量的影响。结果表明:入旋角对板料的壁厚变化有较大的影响;旋轮圆角半径和板料厚度仅对板料的壁厚减薄率影响较大,对板料的壁厚增厚率影响很小;当旋轮进给率的值较小时,旋轮进给率对普旋成形过程影响不大。基于以上研究,最后得到了合理的工艺参数取值。     

板坯形状对方截面无模旋压轴向可旋深度的影响

利用实验方法对比了方形和圆形板坯形状对方截面无模旋压轴向可旋深度的影响,并对其影响机理进行了理论分析。首先采用确定初始步长的方法推导了可无限扩展的方截面旋轮路径公式,在此基础上分别模拟了方形和圆形板坯的无模旋压过程,并对模拟结果进行实验验证。然后提出了轴向可旋深度的评估方法,并以此为判据,对比分析了同轴向旋压深度下圆形和方形板坯工况的后续可旋性,发现方形板坯工况优于圆形板坯工况,进而揭示其机理为：方形板坯工况旋压过程中剩余法兰形状与旋轮路径切合性较好,促进了金属径向流动均匀化。     

Finite element simulation and experimental investigation on the forming forces of 3D non-axisymmetrical tubes spinning

3D non-axisymmetrical tube (NAT) spinning is a kind of new spinning technology, which breaks through the restriction that only axisymmetrical hollow parts could be produced by traditional spinning technology. The research on the spinning force aims to optimize the machine design and the processing parameters selection. The neck-spinning process of the 3D NAT is simulated by 3D elastic–plastic finite element software, MARC. The characteristics of the neck-spinning force of 3D NAT are compared with that of the axisymmetrical tube (AT) spinning. The effect of the main forming parameters, such as offset amount, oblique angle, nominal reduction of blank radius, feed rate and path direction, on the spinning forces have been studied theoretically and experimentally. It shows that during 3D NAT spinning, the spinning forces varies periodically with the revolution angle of the roller around the blank; the spinning force during backward path spinning is greater than that of forward path spinning. The simulation results conform well to the experimental ones.     

多道次普旋技术研究进展

简述了多道次普旋成形的基本技术 ,从力学模型建立、旋压力计算、旋轮轨迹确定等方面综述了多道次普旋成形技术的研究现状 ,并展望了多道次普旋技术发展的趋势     

旋压件的成形质量及其控制参数

本文着重讨论了旋压件成形质量的影响因素,工艺选择以及控制方法。研究结果表明,为了得到质量良好的旋压件,除了要控制好减薄率、主轴转速、芯模和旋轮之间的间隙,迸给比、旋轮安装角、旋轮圆角半径等关键参数外,还必须要注意旋压湿度、毛坯厚度、旋压道次与热处理等问题。     

大型筒形件对轮旋压设备及应用进展

阐明了对轮旋压设备的结构形式,内外旋轮的径向、轴向进给机构以及工件的旋转机构,介绍了国内外典型的对轮旋压设备产品及其应用。6米级对轮旋压机的工件旋转驱动机构设计理念,以及1米级对轮旋压样机的分散多动力、全电伺服驱动方式对我国大直径对轮旋压设备设计制造有一定的借鉴意义。     

高压气瓶强力旋压工艺研究

从旋压毛坯设计、旋压后零件状态确定、旋压参数选择、旋压芯轴和旋轮的设计等几个方面,讨论某型高压气瓶瓶身强力旋压工艺。结合旋压成形试验过程,制定出合理的工艺方案。通过试验验证该工艺方案完全适应高压气瓶瓶身的加工。     

异型薄壁壳体强力旋压三维有限元模型的建立

基于ABAQUS/Explicit平台,在解决建模过程中有关旋轮定位、旋轮运动轨迹确定、连续变壁厚坯料壁厚定义的实现等关键问题的基础上,建立了异型薄壁壳体强力旋压三维弹塑性动态显式有限元模型。基于该模型研究发现:在成形过程中后期,旋轮前方易于出现金属堆积,从而使后方材料拉薄,尤其是靠近工件口部的部位壁厚剧烈减薄。提出了通过控制坯料局部厚度和旋轮与芯模间间隙的方法来改善成形过程中金属堆积和壁厚过度减薄现象。     

旋压辊运动轨迹设计与旋压力计算

对一步法无胎冷旋压机中的旋压辊装置运动轨迹的设计进行了分析，给出了旋压力的两种理论计算方法，并与工业样机实际测试值进行比较，为旋压机的系列设计提供了理论依据。     

Study on compound spinning technology of large thin-walled parts with ring inner ribs and curvilinear generatrix

Given their rapid development, aerospace and other high-tech industries are in urgent need of process technology for large complex thin-walled shells represented by large thin-walled parts with ring inner ribs and curvilinear generatrix. To make up for the deficiency in existing forming methods, this paper presents a compound spinning process that integrates counter-roller spinning, multi-neck spinning, and hot spinning. The finite element models for the counter-roller spinning and multi-neck spinning forming of such parts are established, and these models can simulate the influences of different spinning process parameters on workpiece maximum equivalent stress and maximum ovality. The 2A12 aluminum alloy tube blank is used in this paper. The process parameters for obtaining the counter-roller spinning for such parts are as follows: a feed ratio of 1.0 mm/r and a roller nose radius of 8 mm. The process parameters of multi-neck spinning are as follows: a feed ratio of 3.0 mm/r and a roller nose radius of 80 mm; and the forming temperature of hot spinning is 200–250 °C. Verification by a compound spinning test found that the numerical simulation results are consistent with the process test results. The process parameters can be used for guiding the actual production of large thin-walled parts with ring inner ribs and curvilinear generatrix.     

A Study on the mechanics of shear spinning of cones

The shear spinning process, where the plastic deformation zone is localized in a very small portion of the workpiece, shows a promise for increasingly broader application to the production of axially symmetric parts. In this paper, the three components of working force are calculated by the newly proposed deformation model in which the spinning process is understood as shearing deformation after uniaxial yielding by bending, and shear stress, τ _rz becomesk, yield limit in pure shear, in the deformation zone. The tangential forces are first calculated and the feed forces and the normal forces are obtained by the assumption of uniform distribution of roller pressure on the contact surface. The optimum contact area is obtained by minimizing the bending energy required to get the assumed deformation of the blank. The calculated forces are compared with experimental results. A comparison shows that theoretical prediction is reasonably in good agreement with experimental results.     

平面共轭凸轮廓形数值模拟计算方法的研究

介绍一种平面共轭凸轮廓形的数值模拟计算机辅助计算方法,该方法将转子瞬时廓形转换到凸轮坐标系内,再用转换后的廓形对凸轮毛坯计算模型进行数值模拟切削,形成凸轮廓形。开发了凸轮廓形计算处理软件,对中心距为80mm、转子摆动半径为50mm的余弦运动规律的4位共轭凸轮转位机构进行了计算验证及试制。计算结果及工业应用表明,该算法正确、可行,软件能够满足共轭凸轮廓形设计的要求。     

Effects of processing parameters on the surface quality of square section die-less spinning

In view of the importance of the surface quality in the application to the square section die-less spinning, the effects of several key parameters which include roller path, half-cone angle, and roller nose radius on the surface quality are investigated. Through the geometric model of residual height, the effect law of the roller path is obtained: the surface quality increases with the decrease of the axial distance of two adjacent slices. Then the finite element model of the square section die-less spinning is established, and the normal force and axial strain states in the deforming process are adopted to predict the relationship between the surface quality and the half-cone angle. Combined with the residual height model and finite element analysis, the roller nose radius’ effect on the surface quality is also obtained. Enlargement of the two parameters can improve the surface quality. All the analysis results are verified by the surface waviness test of the specimens from the workpiece after spinning.     

旋轮与芯模之间的间隙对锥形件强力旋压的影响

通过分析锥形件强力旋压时旋轮与芯模之间的间隙对旋压过程的影响。分析找出合适的偏离值以及减小不利影响的措施。     

滚珠丝杠副滚动体自旋运动分析

滚珠丝杠副滚动体自转运动中包含自旋和纯滚动,滚动体的自旋运动造成滚动体滑动。利用角接触轴承旋滚比的概念和目前对滚珠丝杠副自旋运动的研究情况,采用运动分析的方法分析了丝杠公称直径、接触角和螺旋升角对滚珠丝杠副自旋运动的影响情况,为设计和选用滚珠丝杠副参数提供了参考。