高性能纤维和功能纤维

<正> 当前,世界化学纤维工业正在发生重大的变化,化学纤维已不再仅仅用于衣料、床上用品和室(舱)内装饰方面,而且作为高性能和特种功能的纤维材料广泛用于工业、农业、海洋、国防、宇宙和医学等各个领域。所谓高性能纤维是指高强度、高模量、耐高温的纤维材料;而功能纤维是指除了机械性能外,具有特殊功能(如抗静电、导电、导光、分离膜、离子交换、阻燃、海洋开发等)的纤维材料。现介绍如下。     

高新技术纤维材料在个体防护装备上的应用

简介了高新技术纤维材料的分类和特性,简析了各种职业场合对人员的伤害因素,重点阐述了高新技术纤维材料在个体防护装备领域各种的应用,如防弹、纺刺、防切割、防坠落、阻燃、电磁屏蔽、防化、抗菌防臭、保暖等方面。并对高新技术纤维材料发展作了展望,指出应重点发展低价位高性能本质阻燃纤维、智能保温的相变蓄热纤维、导电纤维、离子交换纤维、活性碳纤维等高新技术纤维材料,以满足现代个体装备领域的市场需求。     

耐高温阻燃纤维的现状与展望

介绍了几种典型的耐高温阻燃纤维的发展状况及性能特点 ,展望今后耐高温阻燃纤维的开发方向应是低污染、多功能、高性能的新产品 ,同时要降低成本 ,扩大应用领域     

耐高温隔热阻燃型注塑拉链

正本实用新型公开一种耐高温隔热阻燃型注塑拉链,其具有拉链布带和拉链牙,其特征在于:该拉链布带是采用特种芳纶耐高温纤维织造而成;该拉链牙是由耐高温的阻燃材料注塑成型。耐高温的阻燃     

特种纤维及其他合成纤维

20056132 耐高温纤维 Subramanian Senthil Kannan M．…;Chemical Fiber International,2005,55(2),P．100(英) 每年,欧洲约有5000人死于火灾,美国约4000人也 死于相同灾害,直接财产损失占GDP的2％。文章 介绍了两大类耐高温纤维,有机和无机阻燃纤维。 文章对PBO、PBI、PPS、芳纶、PTFE、PAN、Melamine、 阻燃粘胶、聚酰亚胺以及高强聚乙烯等有机阻燃纤     

国内耐高温滤材用合成纤维的应用研究进展

综述了国内聚苯硫醚纤维、芳砜纶、芳纶1313、聚四氟乙烯纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑纤维的耐高温、阻燃、耐化学腐蚀等性能特点,以及在耐高温过滤材料领域的应用研究进展;展望了耐高温滤材未来发展方向是新型复合滤材的开发和生产工艺的优化.     

功能纤维的发展概况

概述国内外功能纤维的发展状况 ,着重介绍了几种典型的功能纤维如吸水性纤维、耐高温阻燃纤维、抗静电纤维的开发现状 ,以及纳米技术在功能纤维中的应用。     

海藻酸纤维的性能与应用

海藻酸纤维是一种具有优良生物活性的功能性纤维材料。海藻酸可以与许多种类的金属离子结合后形成富含金属离子的纤维材料,使纤维具有优良的阻燃及屏蔽电磁波的性能。以海藻酸钙纤维为原料制备的医用敷料在与伤口渗出液接触后,可以在吸收大量的渗出液后形成具有促进伤口愈合的水凝胶体,在医疗卫生领域具有特殊的应用价值。     

高纯超细氧化硅纤维材料在陕西玻纤总厂问世

一种具有当代国际先进水平的新型无机纤维材料——高纯超细氧化硅纤维材料,元旦前夕在陕西玻璃纤维总厂研制成功.这是我国重大科研攻关项目的新突破.这种新型无机纤维材料二氧化硅含量大于99.8%,单丝纤维直径小于3.5微米,化学性能相当稳定.这种新产品的问世,填补了国内无机纤维材料的空白,为我国航天事业的发展和国防现代化建设提供了一种比重小、耐高温、抗烧蚀、绝热的新型优质材料.据有关资料报道,国外已将高硅氧纤维     

三友开发成功阻燃粘胶短纤维

<正>唐山三友集团化纤公司成功开发出高性能阻燃粘胶短纤维。该阻燃纤维与目前已有的以合成纤维为本体的阻燃纤维相比,具有无卤素、无毒、可降解、废弃后无环境污染等特点。其阻燃效果与后整理方式得到的阻燃纤维相比,具有耐高温、耐洗涤、耐日晒的优点。该产品采用纺前注入方式,将有机无卤素阻燃剂直接加入到粘胶,经纺丝、切断、后处理、烘干后获得成品。该阻燃纤维遇火燃烧时不熔融滴落     

阻燃高分子材料及其阻燃剂研究进展

介绍阻燃高分子材料及其阻燃剂的分类、作用机理、作用途径。阐述了聚酯纤维、聚酰胺、热塑性饱和聚酯塑料、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、复合材料及纳米材料等一些常见阻燃高分子材料的现状。通过分析阻燃剂的发展趋向预测了阻燃高分子材料发展的一些新趋向。     

阻燃PET热性能的研究

本文采用热分析方法对阻燃剂和阻燃PET的热性能进行了研究。以结晶、熔融和热分解温度等参数作为指导阻燃PET的制备、纺丝成形工艺条件的依据,制得了物理机械性能良好和阻燃的PET纤维。     

磷系阻燃聚酯纤维的制备与性能研究

本工作在制备磷系共聚/共混型聚酯的基础上,对磷系阻燃聚酯纤维进行了纺丝试验研究,并通过大角X衍射、声速和动态力学测试等手段对含磷阻燃PET纤维的结构性能进行了探讨。试验表明,含磷阻燃PET纤维的强度能达到2.8～3.0cN/dtex,LOI值达到32.5～34,但相应的结晶度和取向度低于常规PET纤维。     

磷系阻燃聚酯性能的研究

用红外光谱表征了磷系阻燃聚酯的结构,研究了磷系阻燃聚酯的特性粘数、DSC、氧指数、可纺性等性能.结果表明,磷系阻燃单体分子中的柔性链段亦被引入大分子主链中,使磷系阻燃聚酯的玻璃化温度(Tg)、熔点(Tm)相应降低.磷系阻燃聚酯具有良好的阻燃性,当磷系阻燃单体含量为4.5%时,磷系阻燃聚酯氧指数为32.8%.但由于侧基的空间体积较大,使得磷系阻燃聚酯的结晶性有所降低,导致拉伸强度降低.实验结果表明磷系阻燃聚酯纤维的物性指标能够满足后加工要求.     

Experimental investigation of mechanical,thermal, and flame-retardant property of polyamide 6/phenoxyphosphazene fibers

In this study, flame-retardant polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers incorporated with hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCP) were prepared by melt spinning. The effects of HPCP on the mechanical, thermal, and flame-retardant property of PA6 fibers were investigated. The results indicated that PA6 fibers containing less than 15 wt % of HPCP possessed acceptable spinnability. HPCP resulted in a slight decrease in tensile strength and tensile modulus, however, an enhancement of the flexibility. Thermal decomposition temperature of PA6 fibers reduced about 22 °C but the residue at 800 °C increased. At the loading of 10 wt %, PA6 fibers reached a limiting oxygen index value of 28.6% and had no smoldering time in the vertical oriented burning. Residue analysis by Fourier-transform infrared and scanning electron microscope revealed that a condensed phase mechanism was involved in the decomposition of PA6/HPCP system. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results demonstrated that HPCP not affected the composition of the pyrolysis gases, but mainly intensified the effusion of nonflammable gases, which is positive to flame retardancy. Therefore, the PA6/HPCP composite fibers would get access to satisfactory applications as flame-retardant materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48458.     

Artificial hair filaments with improved flame retardancy

In recent decades, the flame retardancy of wigs has improved by combining polymer fibers and flame retardants. Halogen-based retardants suppress combustion through a radical trap; however, they are harmful to humans and to the environment. Thus, in this study, black wigs were prepared by polysulfone (PSU)-based fibers through melt spinning process and were compared to that prepared by poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-based fibers. Different types and amounts of carbon black added during the melt spinning process to produce its color were also investigated to assess its effects on the manufactured wig. The flame retardancy of PSU and PET fibers was evaluated using limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement. The LOI of PET fiber was 24%, while that of PSU fiber was 29%, confirming its highly flame-retardant behavior. Based on its mechanical properties (tenacity and elongation), PSU fibers (1.5 g/den) are more suitable for artificial human hair due to its higher tenacity than PET fibers (0.8 g/den). The addition of a small amount of carbon black (<0.5 wt%) did not negatively affect the produced wig; thus, a highly flame-retardant black wig with superior mechanical properties was obtained.     

Effects of the recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers on the rigid polyurethane foam

Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), subjected to the treatment with the flame retardant first, was used to reinforce the rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs). Different loadings of PET fibers (3–12 wt %) of different lengths (5, 10, 15, and 20 mm) were added into RPUF. The mechanical properties of composites were studied by compressive strength test and shear stress test. The flame-retardant properties were evaluated by cone calorimeter and limited oxygen index test. The results showed that the proper addition of PET fibers could improve the mechanical and flame-retardant properties of the material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47758.     

仿毛化学纤维的生产及产品开发

论述了仿毛化学纤维的性能要求,必须具有适当的拉伸性能、卷曲性能和初始模量,并分析了仿毛化学纤维的生产及产品开发。常见的仿毛化学纤维有涤纶、腈纶、锦纶、粘胶纤维等。常用的仿毛化学纤维有高收缩纤维、异形纤维、复合纤维、阳离子染料可染涤纶、阻燃纤维、超细纤维、空气变形丝、混纤丝等。     

新型合成纤维的开发现状

本文介绍了当前国外某些新型合成纤维的开发现状,其中包括耐高温的聚醚酮纤维、具有似棉吸湿性的聚氧基酰胺纤维、永久阻燃性的酚醛纤维及低电阻率的金属化合成纤维等。同时,简要地叙述了它们的制造方法、特性与应用。     

Electron spectroscopy for chemical analyses (ESCA)—A tool for studying treated textiles

Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) has been successfully used to determine the location of flame-retardant polymers or reagents and crosslinking and oil/water-repellent reagents in relation to fiber surfaces of chemically modified cotton fabrics and cotton/polyester blends. Changes in intensity of characteristic ESCA element signals were followed as the particle size of the treated fabric varied. Dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and the flame-retardant polymer formed from tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (Thpc) and urea penetrate and are homogeneously deposited throughout cotton fabrics. The oil/water-repellent finish, FC-218, and the flame retardants from the THPOH/NH₃ reaction and tris(dibromopropyl) phosphate are deposited on the surfaces of both cotton and polyester fibers.