多来源RAP下RHMA材料组成的动态控制策略

为降低多来源沥青混合料回收料(reclaimed asphalt pavement, RAP)变异对热再生沥青混合料(recycled hot-mix asphalt mixture, RHMA)的影响,提出一种基于材料组成-马歇尔指标回归模型的RHMA动态控制策略。分析福银高速三明段16个路段RAP的变异性,响应面法构建多来源RAP掺量、RHMA级配、沥青质量分数与马歇尔指标之间的二次回归模型,分析模型的可行性,验证该模型对RHMA材料组成进行动态控制的可行性。结果表明:多来源RAP的矿料级配、沥青质量分数、沥青性能变异性显著;基于RHMA材料组成-马歇尔指标模型所提出的动态控制策略可通过RAP材料特性实时调整RHMA的最优材料组成,为解决多来源RAP下RHMA的变异性提供了一种新方案。     

再生沥青混合料变异性影响因素正交试验

运用正交试验设计方法,对RAP中沥青针入度,沥青含量,矿料级配等因素,分别拟定3个不同水平,进行三因素三水平正交试验.通过直观分析、方差分析等手段分析其再生沥青混合料路用性能的差异,找出通过控制RAP的性能控制再生沥青混合料路用性能的科学方法.     

布敦岩矿料的沥青混合料路用性能

以70号A级道路石油沥青为依据,实施了6种不同布顿岩矿料掺量的6种AC20矿料级配的布顿岩沥青混合料路用性能研究。结果表明,布敦岩沥青原材料中的岩矿料对矿料级配组成与路用性能均影响较大;合理选择布敦岩沥青油石比可显著提高综合路用性能,较优油石比为0.7%~1.3%时的路用性能接近于SBS改性沥青混合料,但对提高水稳定性能力有限;布敦岩沥青最佳掺量为23.7%,与布敦岩沥青原材料自身的油石比几乎相同。     

热拌沥青混合料筛分

用由马歇尔设计法得到AC 13与AC 20的沥青混合料,搅拌后将混合料依次通过孔径为16 mm、13.2 mm、4.75 mm的方孔筛进行筛分;对筛分得到的四档沥青混合料按照一定比例进行重新分配得到新的AC 13（n）与AC 20（n）.通过燃烧法试验测定AC 13（n）与AC 20（n）的沥青含量及其矿料级配曲线.分别对比AC 13（n）、AC 20（n）与AC 13、AC 20的沥青含量和矿料级配曲线变化情况,结果表明:通过对热拌沥青混合料筛分得到的沥青混合料,在沥青含量和矿料级配曲线方面均符合规范规定的范围,且偏离最初的设计很小,因此,热拌沥青混合料的筛分是可行的.     

泡沫沥青分散性状及其与矿料相互作用研究

采用简便的筛分分析法,分别考虑沥青发泡特性、矿料温度、矿料级配组成及矿料拌和水量等材料设计参数,对泡沫沥青混合料中沥青分散性状及沥青与矿料的相互作用进行了分析评价。结果表明:沥青发泡性能及矿料温度的提高有助于提升泡沫沥青的分散均匀性,并在一定程度上增大泡沫沥青裹覆的矿料粒径范围;泡沫沥青在混合料中均匀分散时,其主要裹覆矿料为小于1.18mm、尤其是小于0.3mm的细料颗粒,为确保泡沫沥青混合料性能优良,矿料组成中必须具有足够的小于0.3mm的细料,且细料部分应为连续级配;矿料拌和水量不合理将导致泡沫沥青结团,对泡沫沥青混合料强度及稳定性不利,混合料组成设计中需通过试拌方式确定合适的矿料拌和水量。     

类似级配沥青混合料最佳油石比关系研究

利用压实热拌沥青混合料的空隙率和矿料间隙率等体积特性，考虑集料吸收沥青的情况，提出了“有效油石体积比”的概念，依据最佳有效油石体积比，分析研究了同类级配矿料的最佳油石比之间的关系，建立了具有普遍意义的关系式，并与新的公路沥青路面施工技术规范提供的预估公式作了比较.     

类似级配沥青混合料最佳油石比关系研究

利用压实热拌沥青混合料的空隙率和矿料间隙率等体积特性，考虑集料吸收沥青的情况，提出了“有效油石体积比”的概念，依据最佳有效油石体积比，分析研究了同类级配矿料的最佳油石比之间的关系，建立了具有普遍意义的关系式，并与新的公路沥青路面施工技术规范提供的预估公式作了比较.     

SMA混合料体积参数的试验研究

通过变化三种级配、两种纤维及每一纤维用量下至少变化三种油石比进行试验,研究级配组成、油石比及纤维沥青胶浆对SMA混合料体积参数的影响.结果表明,混合料的矿料级配对SMA混合料的体积参数影响显著.随4.75 mm筛孔通过率的增加,矿料间隙率VMA和空隙率VV均显著降低,而粗集料骨架间隙率VCAmix和沥青饱和度VFA则明显变大;随油石比的增加,由于沥青的填充作用,导致空隙率VV逐渐降低,沥青饱和度VFA增加.在级配一定情况下,纤维的"微集料"及填充作用,使SMA混合料的空隙率VV随纤维沥青胶浆含量的增大而减小,矿料间隙率VMA、沥青饱和度VFA及粗集料骨架间隙率VCAmix逐渐增大.     

大掺量RAP玄武岩纤维沥青混合料低温性能研究

为研究大掺量RAP再生沥青混合料低温性能,采用UTM万能试验机对大掺量RAP再生沥青混合料进行低温弯曲破坏试验,分析比较了玄武岩纤维掺量、RAP掺量、压实度、级配等因素对大掺量RAP玄武岩纤维再生沥青混合料低温性能的影响。研究结果表明：加入玄武岩纤维可有效提升再生沥青混合料低温性能,纤维最佳掺量为沥青总量0.3%。RAP掺量越大,玄武岩纤维对再生沥青混合料低温性能的提升效果越差。充分压实可以使混合料中沥青与集料粘结更加紧密,有效提升再生沥青混合料抵抗低温弯拉能力。在满足其他路用性能的条件下采用细级配可以改善大掺量RAP再生沥青混合料低温性能。     

不同RAP掺量温拌再生改性沥青抗变形性能研究

为了评价不同RAP （旧沥青混合料reclaimed asphalt pavement）温拌再生沥青混合料的抗变形性能,通过室内试验对SBS改性沥青及4种不同RAP掺量温拌再生改性沥青进行基本性能及不同温度下黏度试验,从活化能角度揭示温拌再生改性机理,并且通过沥青混合料车辙试验对不同RAP沥青混合料抗变形性能进行研究.结果表明：温拌再生改性沥青的活化能较高;温拌再生改性沥青混合料的高温性能优于热拌沥青混合料,RAP建议掺量为40%,再生剂A及B建议掺量分别为沥青质量5%及旧沥青质量4%.     

厂拌热再生过程中旧矿料颗粒的迁移行为

为提高热再生混合料的均匀性与生产质量,设计一种以回收沥青路面材料(reclaimded asphalt pavement, RAP)模拟制备、利用磁铁分离新旧矿料及迁移程度测试为关键步骤的室内试验,并通过该试验分析了RAP掺量、拌和时间及沥青用量对不同规格旧矿料颗粒迁移程度的影响。试验结果表明:热再生沥青混合料中旧矿料颗粒不能全部脱离原矿料,其迁移程度约为55%~75%;RAP掺量对迁移程度影响不大,随着拌和时间和沥青用量的增加,迁移程度不断增大;适当延长拌和时间,掺加新沥青或再生剂以及增加沥青用量可以促进旧矿料有效迁移,提高热再生沥青混合料的均匀性。     

The Characteristics of Asphalt Mixture in the System of Full Thickness Cold In-place Recycling

A new research method was proposed(A/S method) to study the components and properties of reclained asphalt mixture(RAP). The RAP was divided into two main parts, one was marked with A that included all the reclaimed old asphalt materials(including some parts of particle materials covered by asphalt), the other was marked with S which mainly included works soil in the road structure. The actual working conditions were simulated by this kind of new method, and the adaption between the RAP properties, A/S, and the content of cementitious materials were studied. The research indicated that the real working condition could be simulated effectively by means of A/S method. It was also showed that high content of cement could improve the overall performance of RAP significantly, but it would have a negative effect on the properties of RAP if the types and sizes of aggregate particles in RAP mixture were too single. The optimum water content and maximum dry density could not be regarded as the primary basis to evaluate the overall performance of RAP, when S=0 in the experiments, although the maximum density of samples was bigger than that with A/S=1/1, the samples were not strong enough and they were easy to collapse, which indicated that component design of RAP played a great role in improving the overall properties of RAP and the comprehensive tests should be considered to evaluate the stability of RAP. Low frequency load in high temperature environment had the negative effect on the overall stability of RAP, and factors such as the loading state of the materials, the hydration degree of cementitious materials, and the aggregate gradation in the mixture were the determining factors for improving the overall performance of RAP.     

Evaluation of Mixture Performance Recycled Asphalt Pavement Materials as Base Layer with or without Rejuvenator into the Asphalt

The binder properties were determined in accordance with Chinese standard such as ductility test,which allowed to measure the distance in centimeters that a standard briquette of asphalt had been stretched before breaking.Then,penetration test was carried out in order to know some properties of the asphalt,which are the hardness and the softness.Finally,softening point test was carried out in order to determine the temperature at which the bitumen attains a particular degree of softening under the specification of the test.According to Chinese standard for performance tests,firstly,Marshall test was carried out in order to measure the theoretical density,air voids,voids filled with asphalt,stability,flow,and voids in mineral aggregate of asphalt specimens.Secondly,Freeze-thaw splitting test was carried out in order to determine Splitting strength ratio.Finally,dynamic stability (rutting) test was carried out to determine average dynamic stability.Beside the tests carried out,the gradation of the extracted aggregate in accordance with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials was carried out to determine the dimensions of the particles weight distribution.Furthermore,both the percentage of recycled asphalt pavement materials and binder in mixture were determined to know how much of the new material during the mixture was needed.However,two specimens were used to evaluate the performance of recycled asphalt pavement materials.One specimen of recycled asphalt pavement materials was ten years old,and another one of recycled asphalt pavement materials was five years old.The results show that the conditions of the environment such as moisture,temperature,and age,decrease the ductility and penetration properties of binder when increase the softening point property of binder.Then the gradation of recycled asphalt pavement aggregate is of the required values to reuse in the mixture,while the flow ratio,the splitting strength ratio,and the dynamic stability ratio,are less than the required value test.With regard to the properties of mixture of recycled asphalt pavement material binder with rejuvenator,the results show that when the penetration and ductility versus percentage of rejuvenator increase,softening point versus percentage of rejuvenator decreases.Also,when the bitumen and rejuvenator percentage increase,the air voids decrease.Consequently,voids filled with asphalt and voids in the mineral aggregate increase.Moreover,the theoretical density and stability values decrease in a mixture containing four-point fifty percent to six percent of bitumen and rejuvenator,whereas the flow values increase.More interestingly,with four percent to four-point fifty percent mixture ratio of bitumen and rejuvenator,density,stability,and flow values increase.The splitting strength ratio values of mixtures and the dynamic stability test (rutting test) values of mixtures with forty percent of specimen one and specimen two respectively are greater than the required value of the standard test.In addition,the high percentage of rejuvenator increases the rut of pavement,in the same manner,the low percentage of rejuvenator induces low rut.In conclusion,the binder content from recycled materials without rejuvenator seems not be sufficient to be reused on the new pavement while the aged recycled material seems to be performed better than no aged recycled material with rejuvenator into bitumen.Then,the rejuvenator can influence the bitumen properties and performance of the pavement.Finally,the pavement made by only recycled pavement materials as a base layer appears to be more economical but cannot be more effective than the pavement made by mixture of new and recycled pavement materials as a base layer.     

乳化沥青冷再生混合料和易性指标及影响因素

为了研究乳化沥青冷再生混合料和易性,采用自主研发的和易性测试设备,以扭矩值作为乳化沥青冷再生混合料和易性表征指标,研究了不同特性的乳化沥青、回收沥青路面材料( reclaimed asphalt pavement,RAP)掺量及拌和用水量对乳化沥青冷再生混合料和易性的影响规律,分析了乳化沥青冷再生混合料和易性影响因素的显著性,并通过反算水泥初凝时间以及旋转压实成型试件的体积参数是否在规范范围验证了测试方法及指标的合理性.结果表明：再生混合料和易性随着RAP掺量的增加而变差,合适的拌和用水量能显著改善再生混合料和易性;RAP掺量和拌和用水量对再生混合料和易性有显著影响,而乳化沥青特性的影响不明显;乳化沥青冷再生混合料在拌和后存在一个最佳压实时机,推荐扭矩阈值为20 N·m.     

多年冻土地区沥青混合料抗压回弹模量性能研究

针对多年冻土地区常年温度低、温差大等特殊气候条件,通过沥青混合料室内抗压回弹模量试验,分析温度、油石比、沥青种类和级配对混合料抗压回弹模量的影响。结果表明,沥青混合料回弹模量随温度的升高而降低;对比不同级配沥青混合料可知,低温下,SBR改性AC-16混合料的抗压回弹模量与AC-13相当;存在对应于抗压回弹模量达到最大值时的最佳油石比,范围约在6.0%～7.0%之间;SBR改性沥青混合料的低温抗压回弹模量明显优于130#道路石油沥青混合料。混合料抗压回弹模量值的常对数与温度及油石比的关系符合二元一次函数。用SPSS相关分析方法分析各个影响因素对混合料抗压特性的影响程度可知,温度和沥青种类对抗压回弹模量影响显著。     

逐级填充式沥青混合料粗集料骨架级配设计

沥青混合料的级配是影响沥青路面使用性能的主要因素,而粗集料的骨架是影响级配的首要因素。通过集料逐级填充试验以及粗集料间隙率VCA和骨架强度CBR双控制指标来分析粗集料各粒径之间的相互作用,且采用均匀设计和灰色系统理论分析确定粗集料的关键粒径,推荐粗集料各粒径含量范围。结果表明,逐级填充式沥青混合料粗集料骨架级配与粗集料间隙率VCA和骨架强度CBR之间具有良好的相关性。     

泡沫沥青再生混合料劈裂强度影响因素试验

为了研究不同泡沫沥青用量和旧沥青路面铣刨料(简称RAP)掺量两因素对泡沫沥青再生混合料劈裂强度的影响,采用两种不同的沥青路面铣刨旧料RAP1和RAP2,通过变化旧料掺量为0%、20%、40%、60%、80%5种比例,分别与2%、2.5%、3%、3.5%、4%5种用量的泡沫沥青混和,拌制泡沫沥青再生混合料,成型试件后进行干、湿两种条件下的劈裂强度(ITS)和残留劈裂强度比(TSR)测试.结果表明:在沥青旧料掺量比例一定的情况下,混合料的泡沫沥青用量存在最佳值;随着RAP掺量逐渐增大,泡沫沥青再生混合料的最佳沥青用量却逐渐减小,其值由RAP掺量为0时的3.5%减少到掺量为80%时的2%;随着RAP掺量的增大,泡沫沥青再生混合料干、湿ITS呈现减小趋势,但TSR却有所提高.     

再生沥青混合料的黏弹性动态响应及疲劳性能

为了分析废旧沥青路面材料(RAP)对热拌沥青混合料的黏弹性动态响应及疲劳性能的影响,设计了不同RAP掺量(10%、20%、30%)及不同级配(AC-13和AC-16)的沥青混合料,采用沥青混合料性能试验仪(AMPT)在不同温度和加载频率下的动态模量,之后采用时间-温度等效原理,确定了不同沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线;并对不同沥青混合料进行了单轴拉伸疲劳试验,通过简化的黏弹性连续损伤模型(S-VECD),确定了不同级配、不同RAP含量的沥青混合料的损伤特征曲线(C-S),及基于能量的疲劳失效标准与疲劳加载次数之间的关系(GR-Nf).结果表明:沥青混合料的动态模量随着温度的升高、加载频率的降低而降低,温度越低、频率越高,沥青混合料越接近弹性体,反之越接近黏性体;从不同级配的沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线中可以看出,RAP含量越高,其动态模量越高,但总体来看相差不大.疲劳试验及分析表明:RAP含量较高时,其疲劳性能较低,表明其应力松弛能力较差,因此应更加关注再生沥青混合料的抗疲劳性能.     

基于耗散能法分析热拌及温拌再生 SMA沥青混合料的疲劳特性

为了分析废旧沥青路面材料(reclaimed asphalt pavement,RAP)掺量和Sasobit对再生沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料(stone mastic asphalt,SMA)疲劳性能的影响,本文设计并比较了不同RAP掺量(0%、20%、30%)的热拌及温拌SMA沥青混合料.对不同类型SMA沥青混合料进行四点梁弯曲疲劳试验,采用耗散能法分析其疲劳特性.研究表明:1)不同类型SMA沥青混合料的疲劳次数与累计耗散能之间的关系不会随RAP掺量改变以及是否添加Sasobit发生变化,其疲劳寿命与累计耗散能在双对数下,均表现出良好的线性关系,且具有唯一的关系方程.2)随着RAP掺量的增加,再生SMA沥青混合料的累积耗散能降低,疲劳寿命下降.3)Sasobit对温拌SMA沥青混合料耗散能量的能力有不利影响,而对温拌再生SMA沥青混合料影响不大.