新型液晶器件的制备研究及其在光通信中的应用

制备了一种新型光栅器件,它在制备体系中加入一定比例的液晶材料,使器件制备方法简单、体积小、响应速度快,而且具有衍射特性的电场可调性,在光通信领域有很好的应用前景。文章选用了两种丙烯酸酯单体作为反应体系,采用一次全息曝光的方法,制备了液晶光栅。此器件的透射光强度可以随着外加电场的变化而连续变化,能够在传输信道中实时改变和控制光信号的强弱,因此这种新型液晶光栅在无源光通信器件方面具有巨大的潜在生产力。     

全息光栅的可擦除存储性能研究

本文制备了高衍射效率的全息光栅,并对其进行了图像的可擦除存储性能研究。选用五官能度的二季戊四醇羟基五丙烯酸酯、二官能度的邻苯二甲酸二甘醇二丙烯酸酯以及向列相液晶TEB30A作为存储材料,将其置于全息干涉场中记录图像;采用He-Ne激光器实现图像的再现,并通过对全息光栅施加电场来改变光栅内液晶分子的取向,降低光栅的折射率调制度,从而使图像消失;最终得到了衍射效率为85.6%的全息光栅,通过He-Ne激光器实现了图像的再现,并在外加电场为50V时使图像基本消失,实现了图像的可擦除存储功能。     

基于光取向液晶叉型光栅的涡旋光产生器北大核心CSCD

具有螺旋相位的涡旋光因其坡印廷矢量绕轴旋转而携带光子轨道角动量,其产生和变换也伴随着轨道角动量的变化。光子轨道角动量在经典光学与量子信息领域均受到强烈的关注。目前已开发出一系列轨道角动量加载和调制的成熟方法,光取向液晶叉型光栅就是其中重要一类。光取向技术适用于液晶微结构的高分辨灵活制备,极大地提升了涡旋光及其阵列的产生与调制能力。综述了光取向液晶叉型光栅在涡旋光场产生与调制方面的相关研究,具体介绍了二元与偏振叉形光栅、达曼叉形光栅、具有螺旋结构的达曼叉形光栅在涡旋光场产生及其阵列化和宽带应用方面的最新进展。     

正交级联液晶偏振光栅的收发分离结构设计

正交级联液晶偏振光栅可实现光束大范围偏转,在空间激光通信与激光雷达等领域具有广阔的应用前景,其大部分应用领域均需要同时发射激光与接收激光,如何解决发射光与接收光分离的问题尚未见报道。针对这一问题,文中根据1/4波片、1/2波片以及液晶偏振光栅理论推导了线偏振光源经过被动液晶偏振光栅层以及正交级联液晶偏振光栅后偏振态的变化,验证了出射光偏振态与光束偏转角度的可逆性。采用偏振分光棱镜、1/4波片、1/2波片、正交级联液晶偏振光栅等器件设计了一种可实现发射光与接收光偏转与分离的光学结构,构建了测试系统,最后通过测试结果证明了理论的正确性与结构的适用性。     

聚合物掺杂液晶中探测光偏振态控制衍射级变化

在聚合物掺杂液晶中使用正交线偏振光记录了特殊的一维光栅,这种光栅可以由探测光的偏振态控制衍射级的变化,当探测光为水平方向振动的线偏振光时,衍射级中只观察到零级和正一级衍射,无负一级衍射;当探测光为垂直方向振动的线偏振光时,衍射级中只观察到零级和负一级衍射,无正一级衍射,并且衍射级的偏振态与探测光的偏振态相互正交。最后运用琼斯矩阵从理论上解释了该实验现象。     

一种新颖的聚合物分散液晶反射光栅

在制备液晶光开关的基础上,采用聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)与金属反射光栅压合的方法研制了一种新型反射式液晶光栅器件,并对其响应时间、调制电压、不同偏振态和不同入射角情况下的衍射效率等光电参数进行了测试.结果表明,该液晶反射光栅具有电场可调性,当驱动电压小于特定值时仅观察到常规反射现象,当驱动电压大于40 V时器件出现明显的光栅衍射效应,且1级衍射效率最大可到6.7%.实验讨论了入射光的偏振态、入射角度等因素对PDLC光栅衍射效率的影响,同时测试了该液晶反射光栅的电场响应时间为10 ms.     

新型聚合物网络稳定液晶光栅的制备

将具有光敏特性的预聚物与向列相液晶按一定比例混合，注入液晶盒，以紫外灯为光源，通过光掩模法使混合物在紫外光的引发下产生相分离，形成聚合物网络稳定液晶光栅。采用光学显微镜和He-Ne激光器进行测试，结果表明该光栅获得了周期性的栅结构，且衍射效率具有电场调谐性。     

基于飞秒激光直写的液晶面外区域定向技术及其应用

随着激光加工技术和液晶取向工艺的发展,一种新型的基于飞秒激光直写的液晶面外区域定向技术问世。基于飞秒多光子光聚合激光直写技术制备出由聚合物条带构成的微结构,将其制成液晶盒,并充入不同种类的液晶,即可实现电光开关、磁光开关、光场调控等功能。每条聚合物条带的侧壁上都分布有表面浮雕光栅结构,使得液晶在聚合物条带通道内的定向成为可能。该技术不仅使不同区域内的液晶实现了物理隔离,还可以使液晶和聚合物实现完全的相分离。该技术快捷简单,在可调谐衍射光栅的实现、特殊光场的产生、光子晶体中的光场调控等方面具有重要的应用价值。     

偶氮苯聚合物掺杂液晶光栅的研究

将偶氮苯聚合物和向列相液晶以一定比例混合后注入液晶盒,用线性偏振光进行掩膜光照,引发偶氮苯聚合物发生顺反异构,诱导液晶产生光双折射现象,形成偶氮苯聚合物掺杂液晶光栅,样品通过光学显微镜和He-Ne激光器的检测,结果表明该光栅具有清晰的光栅结构,衍射效率高并具有电场可调谐性,更为重要的是驱动电压大幅降低,可与集成电路匹配。     

基于液晶偏振光栅的快速大角度光束偏转

基于液晶偏振光栅的快速大角度光束偏转技术在航空航天、激光通信、车载雷达、光信息处理、生物医药和军事对抗等领域具有重要应用前景,并得到了极大的关注。液晶聚合物偏振光栅可以实现高效率、大角度的光束偏转,并且制备工艺简单、成本低,逐渐被应用到非机械式光束偏转系统中。本文采用两种偏振全息光路分别实现大周期和小周期的液晶聚合物偏振光栅的制备,获得的液晶聚合物偏振光栅最高衍射效率达到99.3%。级联两个液晶聚合物偏振光栅,再层叠液晶聚合物铁电液晶液晶聚合物波片组,实现了更大角度范围的偏转,验证了70μs的4通道光束快速扫描。     

双掺杂LiNbO3:Fe:Mn晶体局域光折变体全息光栅形成及衍射特性

将带输运模型与二维耦合波理论相结合,研究了双掺杂LiNbO3∶Fe∶Mn晶体中由两束有限宽度平面波干涉产生的局域光折变体全息的动力学机制及其衍射特性。采用三步法联立求解了双中心带输运物质波方程和二维耦合波方程。数值计算结果表明,局域光折变体全息光栅的空间电荷场在空间上呈不均匀分布。当光栅区域较小时空间电荷场较强,随着光栅区域的增大,空间电荷场急剧下降,并降低一个数量级。此外,在接近光束入射边界的区域,空间电荷场时空变化规律与一维无限大光折变体全息光栅的结果相似,随着光栅区域的扩大,边界效应对空间电荷场的影响越显著。研究还发现,局域光折变体全息光栅的衍射效率随光栅厚度的增加而增加。理论结果对于由局域光折变体全息光栅形成的光学器件与系统的设计和应用具有重要的参考意义。     

全息拼接光栅的误差研究

为了制作大面积拼接光栅,对全息光栅拼接误差进行了分析。利用参考光栅与光场光栅形成的莫尔条纹来控制拼接光栅位置和误差,确定了参考光栅莫尔条纹间距、倾斜度及相位与拼接光栅位置之间的关系。研究了参考光栅面和拼接光栅基片不平行时莫尔条纹与拼接光栅条纹的相位一致性,计算了光程差漂移对拼接光栅相位对准误差的影响,分析了工作平台移动对光栅拼接误差的影响。得出光栅拼接总误差为0.15λ,该误差接近光栅拼接精度要求,通过实验验证了全息光栅拼接误差分析的正确性。结果表明,利用参考光栅进行全息光栅拼接是可行的。全息拼接光栅的误差分析为制作米量级高精度拼接光栅提供了理论支持。     

Spectral filtering of gain gratings and spectral evolution ofholographic laser oscillators

We present results of the spectral filtering properties of volume gain gratings and their role as diffractive optical elements in the spectral evolution of holographic laser oscillators. We show that the gain grating acts as a spectral filter with a filter bandwidth that is approximately inversely proportional to the medium length. We investigate holographic laser oscillators and find that, when either the gain grating is written by monochromatic radiation or when it is initiated from broad-band radiation, the output of such oscillators can evolve to single longitudinal mode in correspondence to experimental observations     

Holographic Recording in a Photoactive Elastomer

This work explores the use of photoactive elastomers as elastic holographic materials. Holographic gratings were recorded on stretched films of an azobenzene elastomer, which is composed of a side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymer with azobenzene mesogens, grafted to the rubbery polybutadiene block of a styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer. The grating‐formation dynamics measurements revealed the formation of two gratings of different natures resulting from the coupled mechanical and optical effects. A first grating, formed quickly upon exposure, is due to the photoisomerization of oriented azobenzene groups. A second grating, developed at longer exposure times, may originate from changes in the anisotropic structure of the SBS matrix, which is induced by the photochemical phase transition of azobenzene mesogens. The first grating is unstable, but the second grating remains in relaxed films. Both mechanisms can be enhanced by deformation of the film.     

Fabrication of blazed gratings used in ultraviolet region by holographic ion beam etching based on photoresist melting

A novel technology to manufacture holographic ion beam etched diffraction gratings based on surface therrnokinematics is presented. The surface roughness of photoresist gratings is solved by this technology. According to this technology, a holographic ion beam etched blazed grating of 1200 l/mm for use in the ultraviolet region is manufactured. The experimental results show that the grating has good surface quality, low stray light and high diffraction efficiency. In addition, the performance of thes gratings satisfies the operating requirements of ultraviolet spectrograph.     

一种波分解复用技术的实验研究

文章提出一种基于光折变晶体LiNbO3的波分解复用技术实验研究方法,研究了影响光栅衍射效率的重要因素.实验采用o光写入e光读出,写入光强比为1∶1.通过在同一位置由红光和绿光先后写入光栅(两光栅夹角为0.18°时不会发生串扰),并用耦合光读出,成功地进行了解复用实验.     

POLICRYPS switchable holographic grating: a promising grating electro-optical pixel for high resolution display application

POLICRYPS, an acronym of POlymer LIquid CRYstal Polymer Slices, is a structure made of perfectly aligned liquid crystal films separated by slices of almost pure polymer. Under suitable experimental and geometrical conditions, the structure is obtained by curing a homogeneous syrup of liquid crystal, monomer and curing agent molecules with a spatially modulated pattern of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. From an optical point of view, POLICRYPS is a holographic diffraction grating with a spatial periodicity that can be easily made of sub-micrometric scale, exhibiting diffraction efficiency values as high as 98%. Depending on the used geometry, the POLICRYPS grating can be utilized both in transmission or reflection, with negligible scattering losses, and can be switched ON and OFF by application of an external electric field of the order of few V//spl mu/m. In this paper, we review: 1) the "recipe" to fabricate POLICRYPS holographic gratings, along with their main optical and electro-optical properties; 2) a chemical-diffusive model that, taking into account sample temperature and intensity of the curing radiation, indicates the best conditions to fabricate these gratings; 3) a Kogelnik-like model that accounts for the dependence of the diffraction efficiency on material parameters, sample temperature, and applied electric field. Finally, we discuss the possibility of utilizing a micrometric sized POLICRYPS grating as a Grating Electro-Optical Pixel for high resolution display application.     

Active U-turn electrooptic switch formed in patterned holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals

We have developed an active U-turn device by spatially patterning two identical holographic polymer dispersed liquid-crystal gratings. In the field-OFF state, the holographic planes of both gratings are slanted such that the angle of the diffraction beam is beyond the total internal reflection angle of the air-glass interface. The diffraction beam is "trapped" in the device until diffracted by the second slanted grating. In the field-ON state, the holographic grating is "erased" and the incident beam propagates directly through the sample. The index modulation is determined to be 0.059 /spl plusmn/ 0.006 at 1.55 /spl mu/m. Low switching voltage and sub-millisecond response times are reported.     

全息反射镜的矩阵分析方法和数值模拟

提出采用特征矩阵的方法研究全息反射镜(HM)的特性。在矩阵建立过程中考虑了介质折射率是连续变化的，并且根据全息介质的特性采用小波数近似，同时充分利用了光栅结构的周期性特点。该方法模型简单，物理意义直观、明确，并且只要增加细分层数值，或将幂级数展开到波数k的更高阶次，就可以提高计算精度。该方法不受“近布拉格入射”条件的限制，光栅周围的不同介质只要附加相应的特性矩阵就可以解决。对不同厚度、不同折射率调制度的全息光栅的反射率、角度选择性以及波长选择性给出了数值模拟。     

A two-dimensional dual-wavelength routing network with 1-to-10cascaded fanouts

A two-dimensional (2-D) wavelength-division demultiplexing device [WD(D)M] is demonstrated to separate and to distribute optical signals of different wavelengths by use of substrate-guided wave optical interconnects. In our experiment, two stacked input holographic gratings are fabricated to steer two optical wavelengths into two different routing directions and to zigzag within a waveguiding substrate. Input coupling efficiencies of 70% and 76% are experimentally confirmed at the input wavelengths of 780 and 790 nm, respectively. Two arrays of 1-to-10 cascaded output holographic grating couplers are employed to couple out the optical signals with surface-normal fanouts. The crosstalk is measured to be <-30 dB. The fanout energy fluctuation is within ±10% for each wavelength