发动机排气门开裂原因分析

某发动机排气门在耐久试验中于头部发生径向开裂,通过化学成分分析、宏观检验及金相检验,对排气门开裂原因及过程进行了分析。结果表明:由于气门锥面堆焊工艺不合理且未进行及时充分的去应力处理,导致堆焊层内残余应力较高,在机械应力及热应力的共同作用下,在堆焊层内靠近气门锥面处形成裂纹源并沿径向扩展。     

气门断裂原因分析

采用宏观断口分析、化学成分分析及金相检验等方法,对发动机排气门杆断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明,气门杆断口附近的近表面基体内存在大量非金属夹杂,同时气门杆表面碳氮共渗层存在黑色组织,这些均是气门杆疲劳强度降低的原因,其中较大尺寸的脆性夹杂物在次表面首先产生微细裂纹,最终导致了疲劳断裂。     

发动机气门失效分析

某发动机气门发生断裂失效,通过对失效气门杆端面和与其接触的摇臂进行宏观分析、扫描电镜分析、能谱分析、金相检验及硬度测试,找出了发动机气门失效的原因。结果表明:由于摇臂油孔存在制造偏差,导致气门杆端面与摇臂摩擦副之间润滑不良,从而造成该摩擦副之间发生了严重的磨粒磨损,使得气门杆端面与摇臂之间的间隙增大,过大的气门间隙又会导致气门锥面的落座力增大,造成气门颈部应力集中,并且萌生裂纹,裂纹不断扩展,最终造成气门断裂失效。     

浅谈气缸盖机械加工工艺

结合近年来国内外内燃机行业发展的新趋势和工作实践,对结构复杂的气缸盖机械加工提出了进、排气门座圈锥面与导管孔的加工是其工艺技术关键,从定位方式、基准选择、气门座底孔与导管孔底孔的加工,气门座圈锥面加工方式和导管孔的加工方式等方面进行了探讨和分析。     

气门疲劳断头失效分析

采用宏、微观检验、化学成分分析和硬度测试等方法对断头的排气门进行了分析.结果表明,气门断裂方式属于疲劳失效.结合气门服役受力情况,指出气门失效主要由于气门间隙调整过大使气门盘部与座圈的落座力过大,气门与座圈经长时间撞击,在气门根部产生金属疲劳.气门杆端面在运行中不断与摇臂撞击磨损使该现象进一步加剧,导致气门颈部撞击疲劳断裂失效.     

某型柴油机气门断裂原因分析

针对某型柴油机气门在运行2 000 h后发生的失效问题,对失效的气门进行宏观与微观断口、金相、材料成分、硬度等全面分析。结果表明,排气门杆部上侧为首断件,排气门下侧盘部是后断件。排气门的断裂模式为疲劳断裂,源区位于摩擦焊位置的内部。排气门发生疲劳断裂的主要原因是焊缝位置存在较大的C类夹杂物导致疲劳源的产生进而发生疲劳断裂。     

气门座锥面高度测量检具的研制

本文分析了发动机气门结构，针对气门与气门座摩擦副配合情况，研制开发了气门座锥面高度测量检具，主要包括支撑座、百分表、测头、标准块、定位底座。所述检具能高效快捷测试气门座锥面高度，尤其适合气门座生产的过程控制。     

Inconel751合金排气门锥面烧蚀失效分析

通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、金相检验、腐蚀产物物相分析等方法对Inconel751合金排气门锥面烧蚀失效的原因进行了分析。结果表明：排气门自身材料及加工工艺符合技术要求,排气门锥面发生烧蚀失效主要是由于其燃油中硫元素含量超标、在高温下热腐蚀排气门锥面所致。     

国内期刊纵览

９９０９００１　ＣＡ４８８发动机气门摇臂体的国产化研究——柴之龙．汽车工艺与材料（月刊），１９９９（６）∶１３通过ＣＡ４８８发动机气门摇臂体的国产化研究，使国产气门摇臂总成的各项性能指标达到了进口件的水平，从而取代了大批量的进口件，降低了成本。９９０９００２　汽车发动机排气门座用镍基合金——黄乾尧．汽车工艺与材料（月刊），１９９９（６）∶１７通过对镍基合金的组织和性能进行分析和讨论，指出镍基合金特别适用于制造高功率高效率的汽车发动机排气门座。９９０９００３　国产轿车用冷轧薄钢板的成形性能评价——…     

浅谈两种较实用的气门间隙调整方法

发动机气门间隙过大或过小都将严重影响发动机的正常工作，因此必须保证合适的气门间隙。气门间隙的调整方法各有不同，其中“两次调整法”和“逐缸调整法”是两种较实用的方法。调整气门间隙前首先要确认发动机的进排气门和作功顺序，然后根据需要采取两种方法之一进行调整。     

Nimonic compound exhaust valve spindles for diesel engines via hot isostatic pressing

Abstract

Until the present time the materials used for exhaust valve spindles for diesel engines have comprised a main body of heat resistant austenite steel with a Stellite layer covering the seat area. Recently, to satisfy increasing demands for higher efficiency of engines, a forged Nimonic 80A exhaust valve spindle has been developed. This valve spindle has higher strength and hot corrosion resistance than conventional austenite steel valves. This paper introduces a compound type Nimonic 80A–austenite steel valve spindle produced via hot isostatic pressing. Nimonic 80A powder metal is consolidated and diffusion bonded to an austenite spindle body. The seat area and the total combustion chamber side of the spindle are clad using Nimonic 80A. The compound valve spindle produced via hot isostatic pressing has the same performance as a forged Nimonic 80A spindle and in addition it has improved repair weldability and hot corrosion resistance compared with the forged Nimonic 80A spindle valve. Because less of the expensive Nimonic 80A material is used, there is an added advantage in that the cost of the valve would be cheaper. Successful engine test results are also described.

MST/315B     

四通换向阀中采用新型材料的节能效果

为了降低四通换向阀传热损失导致的热泵空调系统的性能损失,提出采用低导热系数的阀座材料替代原阀座材料的方案,并结合实验和系统仿真分析了该方案的实际节能效果。研究结果表明:现有典型四通换向阀的传热损失不可忽略;考虑到结构设计和加工工艺等影响因素,采用低导热系数阀座材料是降低四通阀传热损失较为可行的方案;阀座材料导热系数由常见的110 W/(m.K)降为60 W/(m.K)后,四通阀传热损失减小21%,热泵系统COP提高0.4%。     

Effect of load on tribofilms at the contact interface under dry sliding conditions at 500 °C

This paper presents a study of the effect of load on the retention of the tribofilms formed at the interface of a dry sliding contact between exhaust valve material, Nimonic alloy (N 80A) and valve‐seat material, ductile cast iron (GGG‐40), at a temperature of 500 °C. The role of tribofilms in influencing friction and wear behaviour at elevated temperature is highlighted. Reciprocating pin‐on‐disc experiments were conducted using a hemispherical shaped pin sliding against a flat disc at 20 Hz oscillating frequency, 2 mm stroke at loads of 20 N to 50 N. Low coefficient of friction, in the range of 0.13 to 0.15, was observed at loads up to 40 N whereas at a load of 50 N, the average coefficient of friction increased to 0.29. Optical and scanning electron micrographs with energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis indicate evidence of formation and retention of well compacted and strongly adhering tribofilms at loads up to 40 N. At 50 N, even though more abrasive wear is seen, initial deterioration and subsequent reforming of the tribofilms with increasing sliding time is observed. Overall, more wear was observed for the valve‐seat material as compared to the valve material. Raman spectroscopy primarily indicates the presence of hematite on the worn surfaces at loads of 20 N to 40 N, whereas magnetite presence is strongest at the highest load of 50 N. Increase in tribofilm hardness was observed with increase in contact load whereas the thickness of the tribofilm was not significantly affected by the contact load.     

重型发动机气门座圈工艺、材料研究进展

在分析重型发动机气门座圈所处化学介质、温度、应力等环境条件对材料磨损影响的基础上,介绍了气门座圈的磨损机理.根据其磨损机理,进一步阐明了重型发动机气门座圈的选材原则及当前气门座圈材料的种类和工艺发展的概况.最后提出了气门座圈材料未来的研究和发展方向.     

驾驶员座椅半主动空气悬架系统振动特性实验研究

构建了座椅半主动悬架振动特性测试实验系统,将带附加气室的空气弹簧、比例流量阀及磁流变减振器同时应用于座椅悬架,通过控制比例流量阀输入电压和磁流变减振器输入电流调节座椅悬架系统的刚度和阻尼,对不同参变量下座椅悬架系统的振动特性进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,在共振区,比例阀输入电压和磁流变输入电流的变化对系统位移传递率和加速度均方根值影响较大,而在低频振动区和隔振区影响较小;比例阀电压的增大可以降低系统的共振频率,磁流变电流的增大可以减小系统在共振区的位移传递率和加速度均方根值。     

A predictive model for life assessment of automotive exhaust mufflers subject to internal corrosion failure due to exhaust gas condensation

A study has been presented on pitting corrosion on internal walls of automotive exhaust muffler due to exhaust gas condensation. The problem mainly exists in the rear section of the exhaust system close to the tail end pipe such as the muffler, especially when the temperature of the muffler does not go up during short distance run or winter. The water vapour condenses on the muffler's inner wall in the form of water droplets. The dissolution of corrosive gases coming from the internal combustion of engine as well as condensation of low-pH acidic vapours in the water droplet can cause severe pitting corrosion on standard exhaust steel. In this work, an experiment is reported for internal corrosion, by using mufflers as test bed subjected to different environmental conditions. Based on observations, a mechanistic model has been developed which involves three main techniques: (i) the dropwise condensation technique predicts the condensation rate and is based on heat and mass transfer theory, (ii) the species breakdown in the droplet is established through the main thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium, and (iii) the pitting corrosion involving pit depth is predicted using electrochemical kinetic reactions, species transport and chemical reactions occurring inside the droplet. Lastly, the accuracy of the model has been validated by comparison between experimental and predicted results showing good agreement.     

The effect of pit size and density on the fatigue behaviour of a pre‐corroded martensitic stainless steel

UNS S17400 steel is used in turbines for the aerospace and utility industries. While it is generally corrosion resistant, it is susceptible to pitting when exposed to aqueous chloride environments. Effects of pitting characteristics, such as depth, width, and local density on fatigue life, have been studied in this work to better inform criteria for component replacement or repair. While pit depth correlates well with cracking, the deepest pit never initiated the crack that ultimately led to failure. The clustering of pits, or local pitting density, also correlated well with crack initiation location; however, the densest region of pitting was not always the location where cracking occurred. There is likely no single metric that directly correlates pitting with fatigue cracking, rather there is a combination of pitting characteristics that ultimately lead to cracking. The results from this work suggest that pit depth and local pitting density are among the more important metrics.     

住宅厨房排烟气系统多动力源合流局部阻力研究

根据目前高层住宅集中排烟气系统的应用现状,对采用上开式止逆阀的集中排烟道内的烟气合流阻力进行了数值模拟和实验验证,为多动力源集中排烟气系统的设计提供了依据。