S135级钢钻杆断裂分析

通过对钻杆的现场资料收集,对断裂钻杆断口的宏观、微观分析以及能谱分析,对钻杆材料进行化学成分、力学性能和金相试验,将其与钻杆的现场服役环境相结合,最终找出了导致本钻杆发生早期断裂失效的原因是由于该钻杆在服役过程中发生了应力腐蚀破坏,提出了一些防止应力腐蚀失效的措施.     

钻杆接头断裂原因分析

通过断口分析、金相检验、化学成分分析和力学性能测试等方法对钻杆接头断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:钻杆接头在使用过程中受到了环境中硫化氢的腐蚀,发生了硫化氢应力腐蚀开裂,随着裂纹扩展最终导致断裂。     

S135钻杆接头失效及腐蚀特征

通过化学成分分析、力学性能测试、组织结构分析和高温高压模拟试验,对127mm（5”）S135钻杆接头内壁出现划痕、凹槽和腐蚀三种失效形式,钻杆的腐蚀速率和腐蚀产物进行分析研究。结果表明：该钻杆接头的材料性能符合相关标准要求,钻杆接头腐蚀机理是氧腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要是Fe3O4和FeOOH,划痕和凹槽是由于使用不当和卡槽所致。     

G105钢级钻杆刺漏原因分析

某油井先后出现多起G105钢级钻杆刺漏事故,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、力学性能试验、微观分析、涂层质量评价、能谱分析等方法对钻杆的刺漏原因进行了分析,并对钻杆加厚过渡带的应力分布进行了有限元模拟分析。结果表明:钻杆的内涂层在井内腐蚀介质的长期影响下起泡脱落,钻杆内壁基体被腐蚀,在造斜井段交变载荷作用下于钻杆应力集中的加厚过渡带的腐蚀坑处产生疲劳裂纹,裂纹扩展最终导致钻杆刺漏。     

G105钻杆管体刺穿失效分析

某油田钻井公司使用的规格为φ101.6 mm×8.38 mm的G105钻杆先后发生两起管体刺穿失效事故,通过化学成分分析、力学性能测试、金相检验、X射线衍射等方法并结合钻杆的受力状态对钻杆刺穿原因进行了分析。结果表明:钻杆刺穿失效形式为腐蚀疲劳,在钻井液中腐蚀介质作用下,钻杆首先发生氧腐蚀和Cl~-加速腐蚀,使钻杆外表面产生许多腐蚀坑,并于腐蚀坑底部形成应力集中;随后在钻井过程的交变应力作用下,应力集中严重的腐蚀坑底部开始萌生裂纹,裂纹不断疲劳扩展直至穿透管壁;最终在钻杆内钻井液的冲刷作用下发生刺穿失效。     

泥浆膜在大气环境下对钻杆的腐蚀机理研究

采用高温高压釜模拟研究塔里木油田现场环境所用聚磺体系钻井液对S135钻杆的腐蚀行为及腐蚀机理.通过对表面黏附有泥饼的挂片进行XRD和SEM观察,分析钻杆表面黏附的泥饼形貌特征及腐蚀行为.结果表明:S135钻杆发生了局部氧腐蚀,特征为溃疡状腐蚀、局部连片腐蚀和深坑蚀.腐蚀产物主要是正交(斜方)晶系的针铁矿.钻杆腐蚀的主要...     

G105钻杆腐蚀失效分析

采用金相分析并结合X射线衍射、扫描电镜和电子探针能谱分析等方法，分析了某油田G105钻杆的腐蚀失效原因。结果表明，因腐蚀产物脱落造成井下堵水眼事故，而钻杆停钻后因未及时清理泥浆而造成钻杆内表面附着泥浆，含有氯离子的泥浆加速了其对钻杆的氧腐蚀。就停钻腐蚀问题提出了预防措施。     

φ127mmS135钻杆刺漏失效分析

采用宏观分析、化学成分分析、金相检验、断口分析和力学性能检测等方法并结合钻杆的受力和环境工况对φ127mmS135钻杆管体发生刺漏失效的原因进行了分析。结果表明：钻杆的刺漏失效形式为腐蚀疲劳失效;钻杆外表面存在腐蚀坑,在交变应力的恶劣工况作用下于腐蚀坑底部萌生疲劳裂纹并扩展,最终发生刺漏失效。     

S135钻杆失效分析

采用扫描电镜、电子探针以及光谱仪等手段对某油田S135钻杆的刺穿失效进行了分析.结果表明,因氯离子在钻杆表面形成点蚀,在应力作用下引发腐蚀疲劳开裂形成刺穿造成钻杆失效,提出了相关预防措施.     

φ139.7 mm×10.54 mm G105钻杆刺穿失效分析

采用宏观分析、化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验、扫描电镜断口分析及能谱分析等手段对某规格为φ139.7 mm×10.54 mm的G105钻杆的刺穿原因进行了分析。结果表明:钻杆刺穿的实质是早期疲劳失效;蹩钻、跳钻等钻柱振动引起钻杆上产生的严重交变应力是导致钻杆失效的主要原因;钻井液中的溶解氧对钻杆外表面造成氧腐蚀并形成腐蚀坑,促进了疲劳裂纹的萌生;钻铤直接过渡到钻杆,截面变化突然,使应力集中加剧,也是导致钻杆发生疲劳失效的原因之一。建议在钻井液中添加除氧剂和缓蚀剂,并适当降低钻压,调整钻井参数,避免钻柱剧烈振动。     

The failure of an armour faced conveyor connector

The combined use of modern metallurgical techniques for fracture examination, laboratory test data and fracture mechanics calculations allows metallurgical failures to be examined in a quantitative manner. Complex load histories and environments can result in more than one sub-critical cracking mechanism occurring in a component. Quantitative understanding of the rate determining cracking process is a necessary prerequisite to rectifying the problem. The following case study describes a connector from an armour faced conveyor which failed in service. The failure investigation involved fractography, stress analysis, material property evaluation and fracture mechanics calculations. Fractographic evidence indicated a stress corrosion failure mechanism. Calculations of critical crack sizes showed that stress corrosion cracking alone could not account for the fracture. It was concluded that the failure was due to a sequence of three cracking processes which preceded unstable ductile fracture. Firstly, frictional heating caused rubbing or quench cracks typically 0.5–1 mm deep. Secondly, corrosion fatigue cracks grew several millimetres allowing the third fracture process, stress corrosion cracking, (SCC) to initiate and grow. In the situation described here, this process was much faster than corrosion fatigue. The influence of defect size due to rubbing cracks and the influence of K_ISCC have been compared with the corrosion fatigue life of the component. An increase in K_ISCC and hence critical defect size for SCC has been shown to increase the corrosion fatigue life of the component by a large factor. A change in design would also alleviate the problem of SCC by reducing the static stress, which is the driving force for SCC.     

Stress corrosion cracking of a 60 MW steam turbine rotor

The paper presents a root cause analysis of a steam turbine rotor blade groove cracking. The scope of analyses included material testing and mechanical integrity calculations. In scope of material testing, fracture microstructure was assessed and basic mechanical property characteristics of the rotor discs were determined. In scope of integrity analyses, the stress fields in the blade grooves were calculated and the possibility of cracking due to different mechanisms was assessed. Both calculations and material tests confirmed the stress corrosion cracking to be the root cause of the rotor failure. This was a basis for proposing the rotor discs repair by overlay welding with a lower strength material and modifications to the groove geometry.     

Improve stress corrosion cracking resistance and mechanical properties of Al‐Zn‐Mg‐Cu‐Zr alloy with heterogeneous lamellae structure produced by high pressure torsion

High pressure torsion experiment followed with heat treatment were carried out on as‐cast Al‐Zn‐Mg‐Cu‐Zr alloy at 400 °C under the pressure of 1 GPa. The microstructure, mechanical property and stress corrosion resistance properties for the as‐cast and high pressure torsion processed samples were studied. The results show that high pressure torsion processing can improve the mechanical property by the refinement of grains and grain boundary precipitates, as well as the homogeneous distribution of fine matrix precipitates. On the other side, the grain refinement, broken of coarse grain boundary precipitates and narrowed precipitates free zone caused by the high pressure torsion result in the improvement of stress corrosion cracking resistance. And due to the influence of heterogeneous lamellae structure, the sample after 0.5 high pressure torsion turn shows preferable mechanical property and stress corrosion cracking resistance than the sample after 2 high pressure torsion turns.     

加热炉不锈钢盘管泄漏失效分析

某气田再生气加热炉奥氏体不锈钢盘管在运行49h后发生泄漏,采用化学成分分析、力学性能测试、渗透检测、宏微观形貌分析、晶间腐蚀试验以及能谱分析等方法对盘管失效原因进行了分析。结果表明：由于进入加热炉盘管的介质中含有较高浓度的氯离子,导致盘管发生了氯化物应力腐蚀开裂。并提出了相应的防护措施。     

复合材料对LY12CZ铝合金C-环应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用铝合金C-环试样应力腐蚀试验方法，将碳纤维环氧复合材料与LYl2CZ铝合金相互偶接，研究由于电偶腐蚀的存在，对LYl2CZ铝合金应力腐蚀性能的影响，利用SEM方法对裂纹断口进行了分析。结果表明，复合材料与LYl2CZ铝合金的电偶腐蚀作用，促进了LYl2CZ铝合金C-环应力腐蚀裂纹形成与扩展，电偶作用使晶粒表面的点蚀减少，晶界腐蚀的溶解速率明显加快，晶界的二次裂纹大大增加，而与铝合金偶接的复合材料表面形貌基本无变化。     

0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb钢锻件延迟断裂失效分析

通过化学分析、力学性能检测、表面残余应力检测、金相检验和断口分析的方法,分析了0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb钢锻件开裂的原因,结果显示,该锻件的开裂是由于回火不足引起的应力腐蚀开裂。     

某热电厂高温过热器蛇形管开裂原因分析

某热电厂60%的高温过热器蛇形管在安装运行10 h后就发生了开裂失效。采用磁粉探伤检验、化学成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验、拉伸试验等多种手段分析了导致蛇形管早期开裂的原因。结果表明:开裂高温过热器蛇形管原材料由于合金元素钼分布不均匀而存在组织偏析,导致局部区域材料的塑性性能和抗腐蚀性能下降;在高温高压水蒸气和钢管自身强残余应力作用下,最终造成蛇形管由内壁向外壁发生了应力腐蚀开裂。     

Proton irradiation assisted localized corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in 304 nuclear grade stainless steel in simulated primary PWR water

Localized deformation and corrosion in irradiated 304 nuclear grade stainless steel in simulated primary water were investigated.The investigation was conducted by comparing the deformation structure,the oxide scale formed at the deformation structure,and their correlation with cracking.The results revealed that increasing the irradiation dose promoted localized corrosion at the slip step and grain boundary,which was primarily attributed to the strain concentration induced by enhanced localized deformation and depletion of Cr at grain boundary.Further,a synergic effect of the enhanced localized deformation and localized corrosion at the slip step and grain boundary caused a higher cracking susceptibility of the irradiated steel.     

电子显微分析技术在奥氏体合金应力腐蚀开裂研究领域中的应用

奥氏体合金广泛应用于核电领域。应力腐蚀开裂是核电材料主要的失效形式之一,奥氏体合金的应力腐蚀开裂关系到核电站的安全运行。综述了评估应力腐蚀开裂的试样方法以及运用现代电子显微分析技术表征应力腐蚀开裂的方法。对这些电子显微分析技术的优点进行了总结,并指出未来电子显微分析技术在应力腐蚀开裂研究中的发展方向。     

连续重整装置中三通管开裂分析

采用宏观形貌分析、扫描电镜观察、电子探针能谱分析、电极电位测定和电偶电流测定等手段,分析了某石化公司连续重整装置中氢气与石脑油混合的三通管的开裂原因。结果表明:开裂邻近三通管与变径管的焊接焊缝处,导致三通管开裂的主要原因是叠加在气蚀、氯和硫腐蚀基础上的电偶腐蚀;开裂三通管材料为Cr5Mo钢,而焊缝材料为铬镍不锈钢,两者之间的电位差高达60 mV,形成了电偶腐蚀,其中三通管因其电极电位比焊缝的更负,成为电偶对中的阳极而被加速腐蚀,从而使三通管在邻近焊缝处的壁厚不断减薄并最终开裂。