共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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基于蒙特卡罗均匀化理论与有限体积方法,建立了适用于瞬发临界事故分析的三维扩散时空动力学模型。将三维扩散时空动力学模型与非稳态传热模型、辐照裂解气泡模型耦合,对计算程序GETAC-S进行了升级,使其具备了对溶液系统任意几何与材料条件下的瞬态分析能力。使用国际上已有的瞬态装置TRACY的实验数据对GETAC-S进行了验证,结果符合良好。使用GETAC-S对日本的JCO临界事故进行了事故进程反演,证明GETAC-S具备了对复杂溶液系统下的临界事故后果进行评价与反演的能力,为核临界事故的预防、评估和屏蔽提供了理论支持。 相似文献
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日本JCO临界事故的辐射监测 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1999年 9月 3 0日 1 0 :3 5日本核燃料处理公司 ( JCO)的 3名工作人员在将约 1 6.6kg浓缩铀溶液直接倒入沉淀池内时引发临界事故。事故的核裂变总数为 2 .5× 1 0 1 8,释放出大量中子和 γ辐射 ,3名当事人都受到严重中子和 γ照射 ,表现出厌食、恶心、呕吐、腹泻等典型的急性辐射综合症。当天 1 5:0 0东海地方当局实施半径 3 50 m范围内 2 0 0人避迁撤离措施 ,1 0月 1日 6:0 0链式反应终止 ,1 0月 2日 1 8:3 0日本政府宣布解除对该地区的警戒。事故发生后日本有关部门和机构对事故处理、事故分析、应急监测、事故影响评价、公众沟通等方面做了大量工作。这次事故在国际核事故分级表上列为 4级 ,场外无明显放射性污染 ,临近公众受到轻微照射。本文介绍 JCO临界事故的事故序列、事故响应、事故监测和剂量估算。 相似文献
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对瞬态临界事故的准确模拟是核燃料溶液系统临界安全评估的关键因素。现有的辐解气体模型经验参数较多,导致功率特性预测存在较大偏差。为提高模拟精度和避免对模型中经验参数取值的依赖,需对辐解气体模型进行改进。基于对溶液中辐解气体行为的分析和简化假设,建立了包含辐解气体浓度、辐解气泡单位体积物质量和气泡数量密度的守恒模型,并将其与点堆中子动力学模型和二维导热模型相耦合,开发了溶液系统二维瞬态分析程序,通过日本TRACY实验进行了验证。结果表明,程序模拟值与实验数据符合较好,程序模型能够准确模拟溶液系统临界事故的功率变化。 相似文献
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日本JCO有限公司临界事故及值得思考的问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1999年9月30日,日本JCO有限公司一座铀转化设施的辅助工厂发生了一起核临界事故。本文主要依据国际原子机构(IAEA)派往日本的一个专家组了解事故情况后相应的报告,简要介绍了事故发生的经过,所采取的应急响应措施,环境监测和初步的剂量评价结果。文中着重分析了事故的原因、性质和对环境的影响,指出该事故主要是由严重违反安全原则的人为错误引起的。文章最后还讨论了从这次事件中应吸取的教训和新闻媒体等有关方面值得思考的问题。 相似文献
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核临界安全分析是保证乏燃料后处理厂安全性的关键技术,而现有核临界安全事故分析程序中,或在几何适用范围上受限,或由于计算效率低而工程实用性差。因此,亟需研发一套适用范围大、计算精度高的临界安全分析方法,提高对核临界事故的分析精度,为乏燃料后处理厂提供技术保障。为此,本文针对乏燃料溶液系统特性,基于零维超细群截面制作与全问题并群方法、预估-校正准静态中子动力学计算方法和二维轴对称热工-辐解气体模型,开发了相应的计算程序模块,最终形成了一套具备并行功能的三维乏燃料溶液系统临界安全分析程序hydra-TD。进一步利用该程序对法国SILENE实验装置进行了验证,结果显示:第一裂变功率峰、倍增时间、总裂变次数等关键参数的误差较小,证明hydra-TD程序正确模拟了燃料溶液系统临界过程中的多物理过程,具备临界安全分析的能力。 相似文献
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A. Thomassin;E. Arial;M. Laget;V. Masse 《Radioprotection》2015,50(4):295-300
The IRSN and CEA have respectively developed their applications CODAC and CIRCEE to assess doses in the case of a criticality accident. CODAC is briefly described and its results are compared with those of CIRCEE for some configurations of two nuclear facilities of the Marcoule site (France): ATALANTE and MELOX. The results of both applications are in quite good agreement – the CIRCEE to CODAC ratio is less than 2 – for shieldings of 40 or 50 cm width of ordinary concrete, 100 cm of magnetite concrete, or also mixed shieldings of 20 cm lead with 30 cm ordinary concrete, or 100 cm width of colemanite concrete with 30 or 50 cm of ordinary concrete. However, the CIRCEE to CODAC ratio can be more than 2 for a shielding of 100 cm of colemanite concrete, and even more than 10 in the case of mixed shieldings of 100 cm of magnetite concrete with 30 or 50 cm of ordinary concrete. The exercise of comparison of these applications should be further carried out by deepening the methodology (material composition, energy discretization, etc.) with a broader panel of configurations. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(3):344-348
The crystallization process has been developed as a part of the advanced aqueous process, NEXT (New Extraction System for TRU recovery) for fast reactor (FR) cycle. In this process, a large part of U is separated from dissolver solution by crystallization as UO2(NO3)2.6H2O. The U crystallization test was carried out with real dissolver solution of irradiated FR fuel to investigate the influence of cooling rate on the crystal size and the behavior of fission product (FP) compared with that of Pu(IV). In regard to the influence of the cooling rate, it was confirmed that the crystal size was smaller as the cooling rate is faster. Although it was expectable that the decontamination performance was improved by diminishing the specific surface of the crystals, it was suggested that a large crystal produced by crystallization was not always high purity. Concerning the behavior of FPs, Eu behaved similarly to Pu(IV). Cs accompanied with U into the crystals under the condition in this test. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(12):1088-1097
An observation system has been developed as a new instrumentation of TRACY (Transient Experiment Critical Facility) in order to observe the behavior of uranyl nitrate solution and radiolytic gas voids under criticality accident conditions. The system consists of a radiation-resistive optical fiberscope, a light source and a radiation-resistive video camera. The severe radiation environment in TRACY and safety functions as the primary boundary of TRACY were considered in the design of the system. The system has been successfully utilized in the recent TRACY experiments, and provided clear color motion pictures showing the behavior of the solution and radiolytic gas voids. As a result, it was visually confirmed that there is the difference in the behavior of the solution and radiolytic gas voids depending on the conditions of the reactivity addition. The system provides detailed information on the behavior of the solution and voids, and will contribute to the development of a computational kinetics model. 相似文献
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文章提出最小核临界事故源项的分析模型,并给出了相关计算方法,利用MCNP程序计算了不同易裂变材料以及不同物料状态下,发生最小核临界事故时的总裂变次数和中子伽马吸收剂量比等源项参数。通过与已发表文献和已有相关数据进行对比,结果符合良好。 相似文献
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合成了硝酸铀酰、硝酸钍与双希夫碱邻香醛缩对苯二胺(以L表示)的2种固体配合物。通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、差热-热重及摩尔电导分析等方法,确定配合物的组成分别为[CO2LNO3]NO3,[ThL(NO3)2](NO3)2。对它们的配位方式和某些物理化学性质进行了研究。 相似文献
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Hiroki Takezawa 《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2016,53(12):1960-1967
The drilling or cutting of resolidified fuel debris required to defuel the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station is certain to generate debris dust. This paper focused on drilling resolidified fuel debris in water and conservatively confirmed by criticality calculations that neutron multiplication effect is higher if debris dust is suspended separately from the debris rather than if it is suspended closely around the debris. No use of vacuuming of debris dust, borated water, and active components was assumed in this study. Also, this paper confirmed that the use of a debris dust guide effectively and passively limited the increase in neutron multiplication by debris dust because the guide distributes dust particles so flatly that sufficient neutron leakage limits neutron multiplication even if the volume fraction of the particles in water reaches the optimum condition. In the actual defueling operation at the nuclear power station, the use of a flatter debris dust guide will be more effective to prevent local recriticality concurrently with the careful control of the mass of debris dust. The physics and ideas in this paper should be applicable to other defueling technologies such as laser cutting as long as debris dust is generated and suspended in water. 相似文献
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事故评价是核电厂应急状态下进行防护行动决策的重要技术基础.事故评价包括事故状态评价和事故后果评价两个方面.本文主要介绍事故状态评价技术在核事故应急决策中的应用情况. 相似文献
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合成了硝酸铀酰与5-溴水醛缩4-氨基安替吡啉(BsaladppH)和邻香草醛缩-4-基安替吡啉(VanadppH)以及2种溶剂(甲醇和乙醇)的4种配合物。通过元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、差热-热重、摩尔电导分析等方法,确定了配合物的组成分别为:UO2(Bsaladpp)LNO3和UO2(Vanadpp)LNO3(L为溶剂甲醇(CH3OH)或乙醇(C2H5OH)。 相似文献