空气过滤试验标准国内外现状浅析

主要介绍采用粒子计数法的试验标准,代表性的有:GB/T 14295-2008《空气过滤器》、EN 779:2012《一般通风过滤器过滤性能的测定》、EN1822:2009《高效率空气过滤器》、ISO/TS 11155-1:2001《道路车辆乘驾室用空气滤清器第一部分:粉尘过滤测试》、ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2-2012《一般通风空气过滤器计径效率试验方法》,从过滤器分级、试验尘源、试验方法等方面对上述标准进行分析和对比。     

空气过滤器性能测试平台的研制

空气过滤器性能测试平台是针对空气过滤器研发的测试平台.该测试平台能够完成尘埃过滤精度和水分过滤精度的检测,气动管路尺寸为6～50 mm,通用性强,适合各型号空气过滤器的测试.该测试平台结构科学合理,测量精度高,为空气过滤器的粉尘过滤特性检测和分水效率特性检测提供了一套测试方法.     

滤材组合对空气过滤器过滤性能的影响

空气滤材是空气过滤器的主要组成材料,主要包括单层空气滤材和双层空气滤材。为了分析单层空气滤材和双层空气滤材的过滤性能差异,设计了试验验证方案,并对单层滤材和双层滤材组合在流阻、过滤比等过滤性能进行了对比与分析。分析表明:双层滤材组合后的流阻不小于两个单层滤材流阻之和;其过滤比不一定等于两个单层滤材过滤比的乘积,而是会出现小于两个单层滤材过滤比的乘积的情况;双层滤材组合可以提高其过滤比或过滤效率,但是流阻会增大。     

滤芯褶数对气体过滤器流体动力学性能影响的研究

基于三维褶模型,采用CFD技术对空气过滤器性能进行数值模拟计算,使用FLUENT软件中的多孔介质模型对空气过滤器进行了流体动力学分析。结果表明,增大进口风量会使过滤器阻力增大;增加滤芯褶数会增大过滤器的有效过滤面积,增大有效过滤面积可以降低过滤速度,从而减小滤芯过滤阻力。然而这种增加不是无限制的,增加褶数会减小褶间距,过小的褶间距会导致气流局部紊乱,气体间摩擦阻力增大,从而使得整个过滤器阻力增大。对于一定尺寸的过滤器存在一个最优的褶数使得过滤阻力最小。     

燃气轮机进气滤筒动态清灰效果评价

针对目前在燃机进气段广泛应用的燃机进气滤筒缺乏清灰效果评价方法和标准的现状，基于一般通风过滤器EN779标准的试验方法，针对燃机需求设计了滤筒脉冲喷吹性能评价指标并开发了一种实验室试验系统；利用该试验系统对几种典型滤筒进行测试比较后发现，脉冲喷吹后过滤效率均没有下降；同时揭示了不同材质滤筒在脉冲喷吹后的清灰性能，指出复原率能够较好地反映滤筒的动态清灰性能，可以考虑将其作为效果评价的主要指标。相关成果可为相关从业人员的设计、选型和科研提供参考。     

空调机组用填料型洗涤式空气过滤器的实验研究

提出了一种完全区别于传统空气过滤概念的过滤—脱离理念，并根据该理念研究出能够对尘粒同时完成过滤、脱离、灭菌消毒三个过程的空调机组用填料型洗涤式空气过滤器。填料采用铝制孔板波纹填料。测试结果表明，填料型洗涤式空气过滤器的大气尘计数效率达到传统中效过滤器的水平，而空气阻力却低于传统初效过滤器的平均值。     

如何设计节能型工业压缩空气系统(二)

过滤器的能量效应 影响压缩空气过滤器的能量效应有两个因素:过滤效果和压力降。不必对一个系统的空气过滤要求规定过高。因为空气过滤器在系统中可能提供最大的单点压力降2～7磅/英寸～2。注意,在100磅/英寸～2工作压力下配气系统中每损耗 1磅/英寸～2将导致压缩机能源消耗增加0.7％。     

计径效率试验粒径的分析与对比

采用粒子计数法评定空气过滤器的计径效率时,粒径是试验前首先要确定的主要参数之一。介绍了空气粒子计数器常用的几种粒径的定义,通过试验对比分析了几何等效粒径和几何平均粒径、空气动力学粒径等的关系与区别。结果表明:这些粒径之间相互关联,但是计径效率试验时使用的粒径种类不同,获得的试验结果也不相同。     

离心压缩机排气蜗壳内部流动分析与优化

利用计算流体动力学专业软件NUMECA对某离心压缩机末级流场(包括闭式叶轮、无叶扩压器、排气蜗壳)进行三维粘性流动的数值计算分析.以计算结果为依据,对等宽变高式排气蜗壳进行了优化设计,末级效率提高约4.5%.将改进方法用于另一台压缩机组的末级排气蜗壳,末级效率同样提高4.5%,由此总结出"焊接式排气蜗壳气动设计规范",并将其应用于另一类典型的焊接式排气蜗壳--等高变宽式排气蜗壳的优化设计,末级效率提高约3%.大量的数值试验证明,所提出的设计方法具有很好的通用性,可以推广应用于所有的焊接式排气蜗壳设计.     

共创健康新环境

我公司(简称核净公司)原为核工业第五研究设计院空气净化研究所,成立1978年,是国内早期获得国家单项产品核级空气过滤器的生产许可证的公司和生产核用空气净化设备的定点单位,主导产品有各类空气过滤器、密封净化装置和空气过滤器单元安装排架等。公司以核工业第五研究设计院为技术支持单位,经过近二十年的发展,已成为一个多专业、多学科的综合实体,不但具备一定规模的空气过滤器及其相关净化设备的开发、科研和生产能力,而且在净化工程上也具备较强的设计、施工、检测和工程监理能力。     

螺杆空压机空气滤清器原始压力损失研究

分析空气滤清器的原始压力损失与螺杆空压机能效的相互关系,得出计算公式和图表,作为评价空气滤清器能效水平的依据;分析和总结现阶段螺杆空压机用空气滤清器原始压力损失的现状,得出有必要建立健全压缩机行业空气滤清器技术准则的结论。     

高效空气过滤材料的特性及检测方法研究进展

主要介绍了高效空气过滤材料的特性以及检测方法,分析了国内外高效空气过滤材料的现状,并提出了下一步的研究方向.     

A model and the methodology for determining wear particle generation rate and filter efficiency in a diesel engine using ferrography

A mathematical model was developed that describes the wear particle concentration as a function of time in a diesel engine. This model contains engine and lubrication system parameters that determine the concentration of wear particles in the engine sump. These variables are the oil system volume, oil flow rate, particle generation rate, filtering efficiency and the initial particle concentration. The model was employed to study the wear particle concentrations in the sump and the mass of particles in the filter for the Cummins VT-903 diesel engine. In addition, the model was used to develop a testing methodology for determining wear particle generation rates and filter efficiencies from used oil analysis. This testing methodology uses ferrography together with computer programs to yield accurate statistical information on the data as curve fitted to the model. The test set-up incorporated a remote-controlled sampling system that enabled the accurate and periodic taking of oil samples over an engine test approximately 5 h in duration.

Results of this research indicate that equilibrium wear particle concentrations increase with an increase in engine speed and load. The wear particle generation rate and filter efficiency as determined by the test methodology were found to decrease with an increase in engine speed and load. After oil and filter changes, the wear particle generation rate and filter efficiency continually increased with cumulative engine time up to approximately 11 h. The test methods used to obtain the results above were found to be repeatable to within ±15% and could conceivably be employed to determine wear parameters on other diesel engines as well as the effects that other engine variables such as lubricants, oil temperature, coolant temperature and engine components have on the wear parameters.     

蒸发冷却空气处理机组的性能测试与分析

以一台蒸发冷却空气处理机组为测试对象,该机组设有惯性粗效过滤器、袋式中效过滤器、亲水性高分子纤维填料、双风机。对其进行样机测试,得到了其送风量、风速、温度、相对湿度、阻力等性能参数。通过计算分析得到了不同室外温度下,填料直接蒸发冷却对空气相对湿度的影响与室外空气的相对湿度有关,室外相对湿度越高,相对湿度提高的程度就越高,同时填料的效率也是随着室外干湿球温度的变化而变化。由于本次测试机组采用双风机系统,通过测试发现了双风机系统的总送风量并不是两台风机风量的简单叠加,为以后的工程设计提供了参考依据。     

Transient response analysis of an electret microphone

The transient response of an electret microphone without a back cavity (i.e., with no cavity below the back electrode which communicates with the air trapped between the foil and the back electrode) is analyzed by examining the motion of the electret foil in response to a transient acoustic signal applied uniformly on the foil face. The analysis uses a normal mode expansion of the motion of the circular diaphragm. A numerical evaluation of the time domain response of the electret microphone based on the analysis is pressented for the acoustic excitation by an N-wave (i.e., shock wave). Results for the N-wave show good agreement with experimental measurements. both in motion of membrane and output voltage.     

容积式空压机用空气滤清器技术水平现状综述

评述空压机用空气滤清器的作用,对压缩机机组能效水平\辅助部件的性能和寿命的影响;对比国内空气压缩机产品技术标准中对空气滤清器的性能和技术要求;概述当前空气滤清器主导产品的使用现状,以及空气滤清器产品标准和试验标准的现状;列出压缩机用空气滤清器要求进行规范化管理的技术条款,期望建立健全压缩机行业空气滤清器产品的技术标准和验收准则,满足压缩机制造厂和最终用户的要求。     

引射系统在空气滤清器性能试验中的实践

所谓引射排尘式空气滤清器就是利用发动机的排气,形成一股引射气流,强制排出粗滤器滤出的灰尘。对引射系统在空气滤清器性能试验过程中的细节作了详细介绍,对某相同型号的具有引射排尘式空气滤清器安装引射系统和未安装引射系统两种形式进行了粗滤效率试验并作了对比分析,总结了一些技术要点,归纳了引射系统在空气滤清器性能试验中不可取代的重要性。     

影响沙漠空气滤清器试验室寿命的因素

沙漠空气滤清器是为长期在恶劣环境下工作的重型卡车、工程机械配套的一种高效率、长寿命滤清器,用以防止各类灰尘进入发动机引起早磨,延长发动机寿命,减少维护时间,降低维护成本。阐述了沙漠空气滤清器的典型结构和工作原理,介绍了试验室寿命的概念和计算方法,分析了影响沙漠空气滤清器试验室寿命的因素,并提出了一些建议。     

Characterization of an electrostatic filter prototype for bioaerosol flowmetering for INTA Investigation Aerial Platforms

The characterization of the airborne microorganisms at different altitudes of the atmosphere is usually conducted by means of aerial platforms. It is very interesting to know the biological processes in the atmosphere. However, there are problems associated to the fact that sampling systems are embarked on an aircraft and the low presence of microorganisms at high altitude. A prototype of a new electrostatic filter for bioaersol flowmetering dedicated to biology investigations has been developed. This prototype was designed to be installed on board in aerial platforms of INTA. The experimental characterization of the aerodynamic flow was performed in order to investigate the behaviour of the filter when different air intake widths and different mechanical deflectors are employed. A combination of these impactor with the filters based on industrial electrostatic precipitator technology have been studied. Non-intrusive Particle Image Velocimetry technique has been used to measure the flow field inside the filter when it was running under controlled conditions in laboratory. This study is a first investigation on the flow field of filter for bioaerosol flowmetering to be embarked on an aircraft. The results show the influence of each parameter in the flow field that could be used for further investigations and designs.     

钚气溶胶直接进样ICP-MS快速分析技术-6级高效过滤器后钚气溶胶的定量

A technique for fast analysis of plutonium in airborne aerosol was developed with directly sampling ICP-MS in this laboratory. And the Pu-242 aerosol particle addition calibration method was established. The nebulized Pu-242 solution aerosol was quantitatively mixed with the airborne aerosol and then introduced into ICP-MS. The results show that the detection limit for Pu-239 concentration is down to 1.4×10^－6 Bq·L^－3. The airborne aerosol sample after through a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter with six stages (efficiency per stage 99.95%) was analyzed using this technique, the plutonium concentration determined is 3×10^－4 Bq·L^－3. However plutonium could not be detected when sampling using HEPA filter at same situation, airborne aerosol also could not be detected at same situation with Condensation Particle Counter (CPC). This result shows there were some tiny plutonium particulates which passed through the six stages HEPA filter with airflow and could not be collected by the HEPA filter