碳的种类对铝锆碳滑板性能的影响

分别对单独加入4%(质量分数)鳞片石墨、炭黑、沥青碳3种碳材料和加入不同碳材料(总质量分数4%)复合的铝锆碳滑板进行了树脂加入量、耐压强度、高温抗折强度、显气孔率、体积密度等物理性能以及抗氧化、抗热震性能比较。试验结果表明添加石墨可以实现低的树脂加入量,试样的显气孔率低,抗氧化性好;添加炭黑可以提高试样的强度;添加沥青碳,则可提高试样的抗热震性,但抗氧化变差;复合添加这3种碳材料,可以得到强度高、抗热震好的铝锆碳滑板试样。     

碳源对Al2O3-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料性能影响的研究进展

本文综述了沥青、炭黑、焦炭和石墨等常规碳源,表面改性碳以及新型碳源对Al₂O₃-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料性能影响的研究概况。沥青在Al₂O₃-SiC-C质浇注料中发挥着重要作用,其加热软化后渗透或挥发、凝结到浇注料的缝隙或气孔中,可以增强颗粒之间的结合,改善高温下液相分布,避免过烧结,显著提高浇注料的抗渣性能。炭黑粒度细小,可充分填充空隙,降低烧后试样的气孔平均孔径,改善高温下抗侵蚀性。炭黑、焦炭和石墨等常规碳源适合作为附加碳源和沥青配合使用,达到互补的效果。表面改性碳中造粒石墨具有较好的应用效果,可大幅提高Al₂O₃-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料中鳞片石墨的引入量,显著提高抗渣性能。新型碳源中含碳树脂粉Carbores P配合沥青添加到Al₂O₃-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料中可有效提高铁沟服役寿命。     

不同石墨碳源对MgO-C浇注料性能的影响

分别以电熔镁砂和4种石墨碳源——用电熔镁砂和鳞片石墨制成的w(C)≈35％的造粒石墨(PG)、w(C) =98.34％的焦炭石墨(CG)、w(C) =99.08％的电极石墨(EG)、废镁碳砖(MC)为原料,制备了碳含量均为5％(w)左右的MgO-C浇注料,研究了不同石墨碳源对浇注料物理性能、抗氧化性能和抗渣性能的影响.结果表明:加入适量石墨碳源可以显著提高镁质浇注料的抗渣渗透性;含PG、CG和EG的MgO-C浇注料比含MC的显气孔率低,强度更高,抗氧化性更好;与石墨化程度较低的CG、EG相比,含鳞片石墨的PG、MC更有利于MgO-C浇注料抗渣性能的提高,并且石墨以细小鳞片状的形式在基质中均匀分布对抗渣性非常有利.     

高铝粉煤灰加入量对Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料抗高炉渣性能的影响

以棕刚玉(w(Al_2O_3)≥95.00%,粒度8~1mm,≤1mm),SiC(w(SiC)≥90.00%,粒度≤0.088mm),铝酸盐水泥,α-Al_2O_3微粉,SiO_2微粉,高温沥青等为原料,研究了高铝粉煤灰加入量(质量分数,下同)分别为0、3%、6%、9%和12%时对Al_2O_3-SiC-C质浇注料物理性能和抗渣性能的影响。结果表明随着高铝粉煤灰加入量的增加并达到9%时,Al_2O_3-SiC-C质浇注料的线变化率略有增大,抗渣性能与未添加粉煤灰的浇注料的相当;当高铝粉煤灰添加量增加并达到12%时,试样的抗高炉渣侵蚀的能力开始较明显下降。     

改性石墨对Al2O3-SiC-C质浇注料性能的影响

以传统Al2O3-SiC-C质浇注料的基本配方为基础,制备成沥青质量分数为2%的Al2O3-SiC-C质浇注料和改性石墨质量分数分别为2%、4%和6%的Al2O3-SiC-C质浇注料,对比研究了这几种浇注料的流动性及经110℃、1 100℃和1 500℃处理后浇注体的体积密度、体积稳定性、强度、抗氧化性和抗渣性。结果表明:随着碳源由沥青改为改性石墨以及随着改性石墨加入量的增多,浇注料的需水量增多;不同温度处理后浇注体的体积密度均先增后降;烘干后强度降低较多,烧后强度变化相对较小;抗氧化性差别不大;高温抗折强度明显提高;添加改性石墨的浇注料比添加等量沥青的抗渣性差,但随着改性石墨加入量的逐渐增多,其抗渣性又有所提高。     

膨胀石墨对镁碳耐火材料显微结构和性能的影响

以膨胀石墨为碳源,部分取代镁碳耐火材料(含5wt％的鳞片石墨)中的鳞片石墨,借助X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜、能谱仪以及三点弯曲测试仪等研究了膨胀石墨的添加对热处理后镁碳材料的显微结构、力学性能、抗热震性和抗氧化性的影响.结果表明:镁碳材料中引入0.2wt％的膨胀石墨在高温下可促进材料基体内片状AlN相形成,进而使试样的抗折强度和弯曲模量达到最大,分别为12.35 MPa和2.82 GPa;但是过量的添加将对材料的致密度产生负面影响,从而降低了材料的抗折强度和弯曲模量;膨胀石墨的添加显著提高了镁碳材料的抗热震性但对材料的抗氧化性不利;当膨胀石墨的加入量为0.5wt％时,镁碳材料的综合性能最好,若想加大膨胀石墨的添加量,需对其抗氧化性进行改善.     

含钒渣对铝碳材料的侵蚀

为了探讨含矾渣对铝碳材料的侵蚀机制,用动态感应抗渣法研究了w(V2O5)=10%、碱度2.8,w(V2O5)=6%、碱度2.8,w(V2O5)=6%、碱度1.44的3种含钒渣对铝碳材料的侵蚀。结果表明:随着V2O5含量(w)由6%增加到10%,铝碳材料的熔损指数增加;随着碱度的增加,铝碳材料的熔损指数也增加;添加电熔镁砂有助于提高铝碳材料的抗侵蚀性能。显微分析表明:V、Ti元素渗透能力强,渗透深,而尖晶石可固溶少量V2O5、MnO及FeO。     

高炉非金属冷却壁用Al_2O_3-SiC-C质浇注料的研制

为了提高高炉非金属冷却壁用Al2O3-SiC质浇注料的抗渣性,在其中引入人造石墨,研制了高炉非金属冷却壁用Al2O3-SiC-C质浇注料,着重研究了六偏磷酸钠(SHP)、聚丙烯酸钠(PAANa)、萘系减水剂(NTD)和SkipLiquid型减水剂(SL)4种分散剂及其加入量对这种含碳浇注料流动性、耐压强度、体积密度和显气孔率的影响以及碳(人造石墨)的添加量对浇注料试样的耐压强度、体积密度、显气孔率和抗渣性能的影响。结果表明:1)分散剂SL的效果最好,其最优外加量为0.2%;2)人造石墨添加量为5%时,浇注料试样的抗渣性能和烧后耐压强度达到最优,综合性能最佳。     

ZrC改性石墨对低碳Al2O3-C耐火材料结构与性能的影响

为解决目前低碳Al₂O₃-C耐火材料性能下降、寿命缩短等问题，以Zr粉和鳞片石墨为原料，以NaCl和NaF为熔盐介质，在氩气气氛中于1 000℃保温3 h合成了ZrC改性石墨。然后以电熔白刚玉、α-Al₂O₃粉、Al粉、Si粉、鳞片石墨和ZrC改性石墨为原料，以酚醛树脂为结合剂制备了低碳Al₂O₃-C耐火材料试样。研究了ZrC改性石墨添加量(加入质量分数分别为0、1%、3%、5%)对低碳Al₂O₃-C耐火材料的物相组成、显微形貌、物理性能的影响。结果表明：与仅添加鳞片石墨的试样相比，引入1%～3%(w)的ZrC改性石墨可显著提高低碳Al₂O₃-C耐火材料试样的力学性能，但是当引入5%(w)的ZrC改性石墨时，降低了其性能。添加3%(w)ZrC改性石墨时，试样的力学性能最优，其常温抗折强度和常温耐压强度分别为22.3和97.5 MPa。     

改性石墨对Al2O3-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料性能的影响

为了解决鳞片石墨因密度小、润湿性差和分散困难而难以在浇注料中使用的问题,首先采用硅烷偶联剂KH-560对≤0.178和≤0.074 mm的鳞片石墨分别进行改性处理,得到两种粒度的改性石墨;然后在传统Al2O3-SiC-C质铁沟浇注料配方(w):电熔致密刚玉62%、SiC粉24%、α-Al2O3微粉5%、纯铝酸钙水泥4%、SiO2微粉3%、球状沥青(≤1 mm)2%的基础上,分别用0.5%(w)的改性前后的石墨等量取代球状沥青,以研究KH-560硅烷偶联剂改性鳞片石墨对Al2O3-SiC-C铁沟浇注料性能的影响。结果表明:与原石墨相比,改性后石墨的分散性明显改善,浇注料的需水量大幅降低,且加入≤0.178 mm改性石墨的试样分散效果较好;含石墨试样的常温物理性能均有所下降,但加入≤0.178 mm改性石墨的试样强度和体积密度都明显高于加入其他石墨的,仅略低于无石墨的;加入石墨的试样抗渣性能明显得到提高,且加入≤0.178 mm改性石墨试样的抗渣性能最佳。综合考虑浇注料的各项性能,认为经硅烷偶联剂改性的鳞片石墨可部分取代球状沥青,且最佳粒度为≤0.178 mm。     

Large-scale fabrication of TiC@C powders and its effect on the properties of Al2O3-MgO-C castables

High performance carbon containing castables have always been pursued by researchers and steelmaking producers, unfortunately, poor water-wettability of graphite flakes was greatly limited their application in castables. To respond this, we proposed a large-scale and low-cost modified molten salt shielding synthesis technique for fabricating TiC coated graphite in air atmosphere using graphite flake and Ti powder as raw materials. Microstructure, wettability and oxidation resistance of TiC@C powders, and effect of TiC@C powders on the properties of Al₂O₃-MgO-C castables were investigated. The results demonstrate that TiC coated graphite was synthesized via modified molten salt shielding synthesis route in air atmosphere. A uniform and continuous TiC layer was formed on the surface of graphite, thereby significantly improving the water-wettability and oxidation resistance of graphite flakes. The castables with 5% TiC@C powders possessed lower apparent porosity, higher cold strength, good oxidation resistance, and slag resistance in comparison with the castables with graphite flakes, and slag resistance were also better than Al₂O₃-MgO castables. The as-fabricated TiC@C powders have good water-wettability and oxidation resistance, making them as a prime carbon source for producing carbon containing castables for steel ladle linings.     

Preparation of SiC coated graphite flake with much improved performance via a molten salt shielded method

Oxide-based castables have been used in high-temperature furnace linings, especially for steel and iron processing, however, the poor thermal shock resistance and corrosion resistance limited the further enhancement of their service life. Carbon possesses excellent performances including low wettability to slag, low thermal expansion coefficient, which can greatly improve thermal shock resistance and slag resistance of oxide-based castables. However, it has poor water-wettability and oxidation resistance, which limited its application in the castables. Many efforts have been attempted to improve water-wettability of graphite flake used for carbon-containing castables, but it is still a huge challenge. In this work, a facile method for fabricating silicon carbide (SiC) coated graphite flakes has been firstly proposed by using graphite flake and silicon powder as the precursors via a molten salt shielded synthesis technique in air atmosphere, KCl was chosen to be a salt encapsulation providing a liquid reaction medium and a shield against oxidation of air. Effects of firing temperature, holding time, and molar ratio of Si and graphite flake on the formation of SiC coatings were investigated. The results show that the as-prepared SiC coated graphite powders were loose and non-agglomerated, and the coatings with ∼5 μm in thickness were crack-free and firmly grown on the surface of graphite flake, composed of SiC nanosized particles. Compared to uncoated graphite flake, the SiC coated graphite possessed significantly improved water-wettability, dispersibility, and oxidation resistance, making it to be a prime carbon form for fabricating carbon-containing castables.     

Catalytic Fabrication of SiC/SiO2 coated graphite and its behaviour in Al2O3–C castable systems

SiC/SiO₂ coated graphite was prepared via a combined sol-gel coating and catalytic conversion route, using graphite flake and tetraethyl orthosilicate as the starting materials, and Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O as the catalyst precursor. X-ray diffraction analysis and microstructural examination revealed that a homogeneous coating comprising SiC and cristobalite (SiO₂) and covering the whole surface of graphite was formed. As prepared SiC/SiO₂ coated graphite exhibited better oxidation resistance and water wettability than its uncoated counterpart. Also, oxidation resistance and slag corrosion resistance of a model Al₂O₃–C castable using coated graphite as a carbon source were better than in the case of its counterpart using uncoated graphite.     

Comparisons Between Vibration and Self-Flowing Ultra-Low Cement Castables Properties in Al2O3-SiC-C System

In this study, the properties of self-flowing ultra-low cement castables in Al2O3-SiC-C system have been investigated and compared to vibration castables. The major physical and mechanical properties, microstructure and corrosion behavior of these castables against slag have been evaluated. The results showed that the microstructure of Al2O3-SiC-C self-flowing castable is more uniform than the vibrated structure. Also self-flowing castable has smaller pore size and more uniform pore size distribution. Hence, density, strength, oxidation and slag resistance of the self-flowing castables is higher than that of vibration castables. Therefore, besides other benefits such as noise free, easy installation, fewer mold defects and reduced installation costs, Al2O3-SiC-C self flowing ultra low cement castables will have longer service life in comparison with vibration casables.     

Al2O3-SiC-C质湿式喷射浇注料的研究和应用

以高纯莫来石、碳化硅、SiO2微粉、Al2O3微粉、纯铝酸钙水泥、白刚玉细粉和球沥青等为原料,研究了q值为0.23、0.25、0.27、0.29和0.31时湿式喷射浇注料的流变性能;进一步研究了q值为0.27时,SiC加入量(质量分数分别为12%、15%、18%、21%)对其流变性能、常温物理性能和高温抗折强度、抗热震性能、抗渣侵蚀性能的影响。结果表明:根据Andreassen方程,当q=0.27时,配制的浇注料具有较好的流变性能;加水量为6.5%(w)时,研制浇注料的流变性能类似于宾汉姆流体,适于管道输送;SiC加入质量分数为18%时,浇注料具有较高的高温抗折强度、抗渣侵蚀性能和抗热震性能;经对鱼雷罐和出铁沟的喷补使用证明,研制的湿式喷射浇注料施工性能好,使用性能优异。     

促凝剂对刚玉-尖晶石质喷射浇注料性能的影响

本文研究了促凝剂对添加尖晶石细粉和镁砂细粉的两种刚玉-尖晶石质喷射浇注料性能的影响,结果表明:添加镁砂细粉后,喷射浇注料的流变性能下降;通过四种促凝剂对刚玉-尖晶石质喷射浇注料性能的影响研究,发现加入促凝剂后,含镁砂的喷射浇注料增粘变稠的速度快,施工时附着率高;铝酸钠和氢氧化钠复合的促凝剂与两种有机物复合的促凝剂都能使喷射浇注料快速增粘变稠、凝结硬化,但含Na+促凝剂的引入,提高了材料中Na+的含量,降低了喷射浇注料的高温抗折强度、热震稳定性能、抗渣侵蚀性能和常温物理性能.     

Effect of partial substitution of alumina–chromium slag for Al2O3 on microstructures and properties of Al2O3–SiC–C trough castables

Alumina–chromium slag (ACS), a cheap and abundant refractory raw material comprising aluminum–chromium oxides and β-Al₂O₃, is a byproduct of ferrochrome smelting. For this reason, we investigated the relationships between composition and mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, oxidation resistance, and resistance to iron slag erosion for Al₂O₃–SiC–C trough castables in which ACS was substituted for alumina. Due to the presence of β-Al₂O₃ in ACS, the aluminum-chromium slag reacted with SiO₂ to form a low-melting phase of albite and promoted the formation of mullite, which filled the pores at high temperatures and reduced the porosity, thereby promoting densification and strengthening of the sample. The cold mechanical properties of the sample and the normal temperature wear resistance were enhanced, but the high-temperature mechanical properties and the resistance to iron slag corrosion of the sample were impaired. According to the results of the anti-oxidation experiment, the presence of β-Al₂O₃ in the ACS reduced the porosity and made the sample more dense, which remarkably improved oxidation resistance of the sample. For industrial production requirements, ACS substitution should not exceed 48?wt% due to of thermomechanical properties and anti-slag corrosion performance in Al₂O₃–SiC–C trough castables.     

骨料对铝镁质浇注料性能的影响

研究了白刚玉、棕刚玉及矾土熟料三种骨料对铝镁质浇注料性能的影响。结果表明棕刚玉骨料浇注料和矾土熟料骨料浇注料具有较好的流动性、高温烧结性和抗渣性,但它们的热震稳定性都较差。     

Structure and properties of lightweight magnesia refractory castables with porous matrix

To improve the energy-saving capacity of magnesia refractory castables for working lining of high-temperature kilns, this study presents the researches on microstructure and properties of lightweight magnesia refractory castables with porous matrix fabricated by direct foaming method. The results show that formation of closed-pores in the matrix significantly enhanced high-temperature thermal insulation performance of castables with minor changes of slag corrosion resistance. The thermal conductivity of the lightweight magnesia castables at 1000 °C was below 1.2 W/m·K, which is 47.8% lower than that of the referenced magnesia castable. The increasing content of SDS (foaming agent, over 0.02 wt%) led to increments of size and number of large-sized pores, resulting in the significantly decreased density and mechanical performances. The slag resistance mechanism reveals that, in addition to intergranular penetration, the accumulation of slag and penetration between adjacent pores were the major ways of slag mass transfer in lightweight magnesia castables. In conclusion, controlling the size (below 53.2 μm), number and distribution of closed-pores in the matrix is effective to realize the coupling of high thermal insulation, mechanical properties and slag resistance for lightweight magnesia castables used in the metallurgical field.     

Improved corrosion resistance of Al2O3-SiC-C castables through in situ carbon containing aluminate cement as binder

Slag corrosion is one of the main damage modes for refractory castables used in iron and steel metallurgy. The matrix plays vital roles for corrosion resistance of refractory castables. In the present paper, the properties of the Al₂O₃-SiC-C-based trough castables with in situ carbon containing calcium aluminate cement (CCAC) and ball pitch as carbon sources, respectively, were comparatively investigated. The microstructures of the trough castables after corrosion were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that after being corroded at 1450°C for 3 hours, the corrosion depth of Al₂O₃-SiC-C-castables with CCAC as binder (A2) was 1.2 mm, 65.71% lower than that of the trough castables with ball pitch as carbon source (A1), though the content of carbon materials in the former was much lower than that of the latter. The reasons for these observations were that the in situ carbon materials of CCAC exhibit improved distribution in the matrices of castables and excellent oxidation resistance, resulting in lower porosity within the castables, and hindered the penetration of the molten slag at high temperatures. In addition, the Al₂O₃-SiC-C-castables bonded by CCAC displayed good mechanical properties at room temperature and elevated temperature.