悬臂式掘进机自动截割控制系统的设计分析

为实现悬臂式掘进机自动截割,以可编程控制器与计算机为基础并结合悬臂式掘进机的主要结构,设计了一种悬臂式掘进机自动截割控制系统,提出了控制系统的总体控制方案,设计了控制系统的硬件部分与软件部分,相比于手动截割模式,自动截割实现了掘进机截割头姿态调整,截割路线规划以及截割路径的跟踪,并能进行远程通信与可视化显示,巷道断面成...     

纵轴式掘进机截割臂升降运动的仿真分析

纵轴式掘进机在垂直升降截割过程中,当截割部运动方向发生变化时,作用在截割头的载荷会发生突变,从而引起升降液压缸载荷和活塞运动速度产生极大波动,进而影响截割头受力和截割臂摆速,降低施工精度和掘进机工作稳定性。为了减小升降液压缸载荷与活塞运动速度在换向瞬间的波动程度,在AMESim中建立纵轴式掘进机升降截割系统物理模型,通过加入PID控制对系统进行仿真,对比分析原有系统与PID控制系统升降液压缸在运动方向发生变化时液压缸载荷、活塞运动速度和压力的响应特性。仿真结果表明:PID控制系统与原有系统相比,波动幅度降低,调节速度快;采用PID控制能够有效提高截割部在变换截割方向时压力和速度的控制精度,稳定性好,适应能力强,对掘进机截割臂摆动自动控制具有重要意义。     

悬臂式掘进机电控系统优化设计应用

为解决悬臂式掘进机在复杂工况下截割质量差、工作强度高、截割效率低的问题,以杜儿坪矿EBZ260型掘进机为研究对象,对掘进机电控系统进行优化设计.基于Inter Control控制器为设计核心对电控系统进行设计,分别对系统的保护单元、控制单元及显示单元等进行分析研究,给出了电控箱内部的结构形式,为悬臂式掘进机的设计优化提供一定的借鉴.     

掘进机自动截割控制系统的设计与应用

为实现截割头姿态、截割路线规划、截割路径跟踪、远程通信以及可视化显示等功能,以可编程控制器和工业控制计算机为基础设计了悬臂式掘进机自动截割控制系统,整个系统包括检测、控制、执行、信号放大等单元.在现场井下掘进工作面的使用过程中,自动截割模式与手动截割模式相比较具有显著的巷道断面成型效果,提高了掘进机的工作效率,减小了工...     

截割头点制工装设计

悬臂式掘进机作为井下巷道掘进设备,在矿山开采中起着重要作用。截割头是掘进机的重要组成部分,形状、尺寸和截齿的排列方式对掘进机的工作性能有重大影响。截割头结构复杂,装配参数较多,而且这些参数又相互关联和制约,直接影响整机截割的经济效益、可靠性和工作效率。就此对截割头各参数的点制工装设计方法进行了简述。     

悬臂式掘进机截割头截齿的优化与改进

针对悬臂式掘进机截齿磨损严重、过载停机以及截齿受力不均而被损坏等情况,通过建立截割头和煤岩的3D模型,分析截割头载荷的数学模型,对截割头截齿部分进行受力分析,针对截割头的截齿排列提出合理性方案,使各截齿受到外力差异减小,进而提升掘进机的性能并获取更大的生产价值。     

基于PLC的掘进机截割控制系统研究

针对目前悬臂式掘进机控制系统控制效率低下、数据采集量小、控制精度差的问题,提出了一种新的基于PLC的掘进机截割控制系统。该系统通过信号数字处理理论实现了对掘进机运行状态数据信息的全面监控和数据处理,实现了掘进机的智能自动化控制及精确截割作业。根据实际应用效果表明,新的控制系统能够将掘进机的截割精度提升74.6%,对提高掘进精度和安全性具有十分重要的意义。     

煤矿悬臂式掘进机截割系统失效故障树分析与研究

针对煤矿悬臂式掘进机截割系统常见故障,运用故障树分析法较为直观地对悬臂式掘进机截割系统故障失效事件进行分析,对导致系统失效的根本原因进行定性分析,为生产矿井能够快速诊断和处置掘进机的截割系统故障提供一定的帮助。     

悬臂式掘进机硬岩截割部的设计分析

针对悬臂式掘进机在截割硬岩时存在截齿消耗大、掘进效率低等问题,基于悬臂式掘进机截割硬岩的主要破岩形式与具体截割原理,设计了悬臂式掘进机硬岩截割部的主要结构,分析了各连接件的功能特点,并进行了部分关键零部件的选型计算,以供悬臂式掘进机硬岩截割部的设计参考.     

掘进机截割硬岩的载荷模拟研究

硬岩掘进机已成为目前我国悬臂式掘进机发展的主要趋势,截割头载荷及截割功率问题是硬岩掘进机设计的关键.基于硬岩条件下单个截齿的受力,建立了截割头载荷的数学模型,用Matlab对掘进机截割不同硬度岩石进行了载荷模拟,分析了截割头载荷特性及功率变化规律.结果表明,随着截割对象接触强度增加,截割头的各向载荷均呈非线性的剧增趋势,而转矩及功率随之增加,呈线性变化,所得结论为硬岩掘进机截割功率的选择及整机研制提供了理论依据.     

面向掘进机的超宽带位姿检测系统精度分析

为实现悬臂式掘进机的无人化作业,提出了一种基于超宽带(UWB)测距技术的位姿检测方法;通过分析悬臂式掘进机工况环境及局域定位技术原理,设计了UWB位姿检测系统,该系统利用4个搭载UWB模块的移动基站机器人对机身节点进行测距,经过解算测距信息得到掘进机位姿参数;并开展了狭长封闭巷道中的UWB测距精度验证实验,仿真分析了基于直接解析法和基于Caffery算法的系统位姿精度。研究表明UWB模块在狭长封闭巷道中的测距精度可达2 cm,系统三轴定位精度在10~95 m的狭长封闭空间中从4 mm~3 cm呈线性增加,系统航向角、俯仰角、横滚角精度从0.2°~1.5°呈线性增加,满足悬臂式掘进机位姿检测精度要求,为掘进机自主巡航的实现提供了基础。     

Controller design for high-frequency cutting using a piezo-driven microstage

Controller design consists of a feedforward and a feedback controller to support a microstage with flexure hinge structure driven by piezoelectric ceramic actuator for high-frequency nanoscale cutting is developed in this article. The feedforward controller is designed based on a hysteresis dynamic model in order to reduce the nonlinear hysteresis effect of piezoelectric actuator. The position feedback controller is designed based upon an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) method embedded in an internal model control (IMC) structure constructing a run-to-run IMC (RtR-IMC) control scheme in order to deal with system bias or modeling inaccuracy. Also, disturbance due to temperature rise will influence actuator's performance, hence an additional compensator is included in the IMC structure. Surfaces dimple micro-machining utilizes piezoelectric-driven microstage for high-speed cutting is selected as an example to investigate system performance. The developed control algorithm is implemented on a DSP-based system to provide 1 kHz operating speed. In experiment, the proposed feedforward and feedback controller is verified to be able to overcome those negative factors efficiently and preserve good positioning accuracy.     

部分断面掘进机截割头截割性能研究

截割头是掘进机直接实现截割功能的关键部件,其设计在一定程度上直接决定了整机的性能。采用混凝土制作煤岩,对自制煤岩进行单轴压缩试验,确定其抗压强度和弹性模量。针对掘进机截割煤岩过程的复杂性,以部分断面掘进机截割头为研究对象,基于单轴压缩试验所确定的物理参数,利用动力学有限元软件LS-DYNA建立截割头截割煤岩过程仿真模型,探讨了截齿切削角和旋转角对截割载荷、载荷波动和截割比能耗的影响规律。由仿真结果可知,当截齿的切削角在48°~50°范围,旋转角在12°~16°范围时,截割头的截割能力较佳;将由试验确定的自制煤岩截割力矩时域曲线与仿真结果进行对比,验证了所建立的仿真模型的正确性。上述研究为部分断面掘进机截割头截割性能的改善提供了理论基础,同时为其他类型截割或切削问题的研究提供了理论借鉴。     

基于LPC2103的模糊PID温度控制器设计

为使温度控制器的动态性能和稳态精度满足控制系统的要求,控制器采用了一种新型的模糊PID控制算法;温度测量采用Pt100,信号调理采用高精度运算放大器OP07,采用控制器LPC2103处理器制作了温度控制器;温度控制器采用PWM控制,控制器经模糊PID控制算法确定PWM脉冲宽度。为更好确定电阻炉温度控制系统的控制参数,采用实验的方法对电阻炉的数学模型进行了识别。在matlab仿真的基础上确定模糊PID控制参数,电阻炉的温度控制实验结果表明该温度控制器满足系统控制要求。     

Design of a fractional order PID controller using GBMO algorithm for load–frequency control with governor saturation consideration

Load–frequency control is one of the most important issues in power system operation. In this paper, a Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controller based on Gases Brownian Motion Optimization (GBMO) is used in order to mitigate frequency and exchanged power deviation in two-area power system with considering governor saturation limit. In a FOPID controller derivative and integrator parts have non-integer orders which should be determined by designer. FOPID controller has more flexibility than PID controller. The GBMO algorithm is a recently introduced search method that has suitable accuracy and convergence rate. Thus, this paper uses the advantages of FOPID controller as well as GBMO algorithm to solve load–frequency control. However, computational load will higher than conventional controllers due to more complexity of design procedure. Also, a GBMO based fuzzy controller is designed and analyzed in detail. The performance of the proposed controller in time domain and its robustness are verified according to comparison with other controllers like GBMO based fuzzy controller and PI controller that used for load–frequency control system in confronting with model parameters variations.     

Self-organizing fuzzy control of constant cutting force in turning

Constant force control is gradually becoming an important technique in the modern manufacturing process. Especially, constant cutting force control is a useful approach in increasing the metal removal rate and the tool life for turning systems. However, turning systems generally have nonlinear with uncertainty dynamic characteristics. Designing a model-based controller for constant cutting force control is difficult because an accurate mathematical model in the turning system is hard to establish. Hence, this study employed a model-free fuzzy controller to control the turning system in order to achieve constant cutting force control. Nevertheless, the design of the traditional fuzzy controller (TFC) presents difficulties in finding control rules and selecting an appropriate membership function. Moreover, the database and fuzzy rules of a TFC are fixed after the design step and then cannot appropriately regulate ones real time according to the system output response and the desired control performance. To solve the above problem, this work develops a self-organizing fuzzy controller (SOFC) for constant cutting force control to evaluate control performance of the turning system. The SOFC continually updates the learning strategy in the form of fuzzy rules, during the turning process. The fuzzy rule table of this SOFC can be begun with zero initial fuzzy rules which not only overcome the difficulty in the TFC design, but also establish a suitable fuzzy rules table, and support practically convenient fuzzy controller applications in turning systems control. To confirm the applicability of the proposed intelligent controllers, this work retrofitted an old lathe for a turning system to evaluate the feasibility of constant cutting force control. The SOFC has a better control performance in constant cutting force control than does the TFC, as verified in experimental results.     

Self-organizing fuzzy control of constant cutting force in turning

Constant force control is gradually becoming an important technique in the modern manufacturing process. Especially, constant cutting force control is a useful approach in increasing the metal removal rate and the tool life for turning systems. However, turning systems generally have nonlinear with uncertainty dynamic characteristics. Designing a model-based controller for constant cutting force control is difficult because an accurate mathematical model in the turning system is hard to establish. Hence, this study employed a model-free fuzzy controller to control the turning system in order to achieve constant cutting force control. Nevertheless, the design of the traditional fuzzy controller (TFC) presents difficulties in finding control rules and selecting an appropriate membership function. Moreover, the database and fuzzy rules of a TFC are fixed after the design step and then cannot appropriately regulate ones real time according to the system output response and the desired control performance. To solve the above problem, this work develops a self-organizing fuzzy controller (SOFC) for constant cutting force control to evaluate control performance of the turning system. The SOFC continually updates the learning strategy in the form of fuzzy rules, during the turning process. The fuzzy rule table of this SOFC can be begun with zero initial fuzzy rules which not only overcome the difficulty in the TFC design, but also establish a suitable fuzzy rules table, and support practically convenient fuzzy controller applications in turning systems control. To confirm the applicability of the proposed intelligent controllers, this work retrofitted an old lathe for a turning system to evaluate the feasibility of constant cutting force control. The SOFC has a better control performance in constant cutting force control than does the TFC, as verified in experimental results.     

基于参数识别的截割头纵向随机振动响应优化

为减小纵轴式掘进机截割头的振动,利用Lagrange方法并结合虚拟激励法推导了该型掘进机的纵向运动微分方程,根据Daubechies小波函数多尺度逼近方法和最小二乘法原理,将掘进机在随机激励作用下系统的时变阻尼和时变刚度用多尺度函数的线性组合表示,从而将时变参数识别问题转化为时不变问题。将识别出的刚度和阻尼值作为初始条件,借助鱼群算法以截割头纵向振动的位移响应为目标函数对参数进行了优化。结果表明：参数优化后截割头纵向振动的位移响应的均值下降了18.3%。为验证优化结果的可靠性,利用ADAMS建立了整机的多刚体动力学模型。仿真结果表明,截割头的位移响应变化与理论计算的结果较接近,从而验证了优化结果的有效性。     

基于小生境粒子群优化的挖掘机器人自抗扰视觉伺服控制

为提高挖掘机器人的自主挖掘能力,设计一种基于图像的自抗扰视觉伺服控制器,对挖掘机器人的动臂、斗杆、铲斗组成的3节机械臂末端位置和姿态在x-z平面进行控制,实现自主挖掘目标任务。针对自抗扰控制器需要整定的参数较多,参数间相互影响,整定困难的特点,引入粒子群算法对控制器参数进行优化。由于原始粒子群算法存在后期易陷入局部最优的缺欠,采用小生境粒子群算法对自抗扰控制器参数进行整定优化。对粒子群及小生境粒子群算法的优化性能进行比较研究的基础上,设计了适合挖掘机器人的自抗扰视觉伺服控制器,采用小生境粒子群算法得到自抗扰控制器整定参数。搭建xPCTarget主机—目标机环境进行试验及仿真,表明小生境粒子群优化的自抗扰视觉伺服控制器控制精度高、鲁棒性强。     

掘进机截割臂自适应截割控制策略研究

针对井下掘进机截割智能化程度低、截割臂摆速不能根据煤岩硬度进行自适应调节的问题,提出了一种基于多传感器信息的掘进机截割臂自适应截割控制策略。以截割电机电流、截割臂驱动油缸压力、截割臂振动加速度作为煤岩截割载荷识别依据,采用径向基函数神经网络设计了截割载荷信号识别器,为截割臂摆速调控提供准确依据;针对复杂且具有时变性的截割臂摆速调控系统,设计了基于遗传算法优化的模糊PID智能控制器,实现对截割臂摆速的高效调控。建立了掘进机截割臂数学模型,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建了截割臂自适应截割仿真控制系统,仿真结果表明,控制系统具有较快响应速度及较高控制精度。基于贝加莱Automation Studio软件搭建掘进机机载自适应截割控制系统,在石家庄煤矿机械有限公司模拟巷道中采用EBZ135型掘进机进行了模拟截割实验,实验结果表明,所提出的控制策略能够根据截割载荷变化实现对截割臂摆速的高效自适应调控。