生物可降解聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究进展

生物可降解聚乳酸是一种具有广泛应用前景的环境友好型的生物高分子材料,但是其力学性能、热稳定性能不稳定.利用层状硅酸盐的特殊结构,以各种有机改性的层状硅酸盐为添加物,通过原位插层聚合、溶液插层、熔融插层和剥离.吸附等方法制备生物可降解聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料,其力学性能、热稳定性、生物降解性等均有显著提高,其展现出极其广阔的应用前景.本文概述了近年来生物可降解聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备、结构、性能和应用等方面的研究进展,并且对各种制备方法进行了分析比较.     

高分子/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究应用现状及发展前景

高分子/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料因其具有优越的性能、广泛的应用前景而成为目前材料科学研究的热点。简要介绍层状硅酸盐粘土的结构与性质;总结了高分子/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法以及目前国内外的研究进展;综述了高分子/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的应用现状;展望了高分子/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的发展前景。     

生物降解高分子/层状硅酸盐复合材料研究进展

生物降解高分子作为环境友好型材料受到人们的关注,近年来国内外对它开展了广泛的研究,但其在实际应用中存在一定的局限性.采用层状硅酸盐制备生物降解高分子复合材料可有效提高和改善生物降解高分子的性能,扩大其应用范围.生物降解高分子/层状硅酸盐复合材料是一种新兴的先进材料,系统地综述了国内外有关生物降解高分子/层状硅酸盐复合材料的研究现状及发展趋势.     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料

目前,聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料是重要的工程材料之一。由于层状硅酸盐的特殊结构,聚合物层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的各项性能得到较大改善。聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米材料的制备、表征、结构与性能的研究取得了重要进展。本文简要概述了聚合物／层状硅酸盐的结构及其有机改性机理,研究表明,插层剂和离子交换容量是插层的重要因素。最后,讨论了聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法和性能。     

铜型抗菌层状硅酸盐的合成研究

采用液相离子交换法,将抗菌铜离子与钠基蒙脱石合成抗菌层状硅酸盐材料。研究了溶液浓度、pH值及反应时间等对合成抗菌材料中铜离子含量的影响。通过正交试验确定合成铜型抗菌层状硅酸盐的较佳反应条件为:CuCl2溶液的浓度0 1mol·L-1,在自然pH值下反应约1h。实验还测定抗菌层状硅酸盐的抗菌性能:铜型抗菌层状硅酸盐抗大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌性能良好,但抗霉菌性能一般。     

聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料研究进展

介绍了聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料研究进展,阐述了其制备方法如原位聚合插层法、溶液插层法、熔融插层法等,详述了聚乳酸添加纳米层状硅酸盐后结构与性能的变化,包括复合材料的微观结构、结晶性能、热性能、力学性能、流变性能、加工性能、阻隔性能、阻燃性能的变化。研究表明,采用不同的制备方法如原位聚合插层法、溶液插层法、熔融插层法等能制得插层型、剥离型以及插层与剥离混合型聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料;添加纳米层状硅酸盐后,得到的聚乳酸/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料结晶速率提高,结晶度增加,说明层状硅酸盐起到了成核剂的作用;热稳定性、拉伸模量和冲击强度、阻透性能和阻燃性能都有不同程度提高;流变性能也得到改善。     

黏土矿物/聚合物复合高吸水材料研究进展

黏土矿物/聚合物复合高吸水材料是一种新型的功能高分子材料.由于其具有优良的吸水、保水、耐盐、缓释和吸附等性能,引起了学术界广泛关注.本文从近年来常用的黏土矿物:蒙脱石、凹凸棒石、高岭石、伊利石等的结构出发,重点介绍了上述黏土矿物的改性方法及与聚合物的复合手段,功能单体、天然高分子的选用及对产物性能的影响,并对其应用前景进行了展望.     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的阻燃性能研究进展

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料作为一种新型阻燃材料,具有阻燃效率高、添加量低、无卤低毒、环境友好等优点,是当今聚合物阻燃无卤改性研究领域的热点之一。本文简述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐体系、阻燃剂-层状硅酸盐阻燃体系改性聚合物的研究进展,以及功能化层状硅酸盐新型阻燃剂的制备、阻燃性能、阻燃机理以及在阻燃领域的应用。     

易分散的纳米蒙脱土及其高性能纳米复合材料

正一、项目简介有机蒙脱土是一种经过有机化改性的层状纳米粘土,其单片的厚度只有1纳米。近年来,有机蒙脱土在高分子材料中的应用研究获得了广泛关注,不仅可以明显提高高分子材料的力学性能,而且还能提高高分子材料的耐磨性、阻隔性、阻燃性等性能,同时还可以降低部分高分子材料(如尼龙、聚氨酯、     

PP/IFR/有机改性层状硅酸盐复合材料的制备

采用微波法制备了有机改性层状硅酸盐,用硅烷偶联剂A-172对其进行表面改性,然后采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/膨胀阻燃剂/有机改性层状硅酸盐复合材料.对复合材料进行表征,并研究了有机改性层状硅酸盐对复合材料热稳定性、结晶性能和阻燃性能的影响.结果表明:改性层状硅酸盐在PP基体中分散良好;复合材料的热稳定性改善,当...     

Study of the biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone)/clay nanocomposite foams

In this article, biodegradable poly(ε‐caprolactone)/layered silicate nanocomposites were prepared and characterized. The dispersion state of modified clay in PCL matrix and its effect on thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of PCL were studied. The PCL/clay nanocomposites were then foamed using chemical foaming method. Cellular parameters such as mean cell size, cell wall thickness and cell densities of nanocomposite foams with different clay loading were collected. Effect of layered silicate on the structure and mechanical properties of PCL foams were evaluated. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

EPDM/silicone blend layered silicate nanocomposite by solution intercalation method: Morphology and properties

Ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM)/silicone blend nanocomposites are prepared by solution method for the first time. EPDM and silicone rubber in their 50:50 (by weight) blend is intercalated within the silicate sheets of organically modified montmorillonite. Organic modification to the pristine sodium montmorillonite (Na‐MMT) surfaces is carried out by ion‐exchange reaction using hexadecyl ammonium chloride. The incorporation of such organic functional group makes Na‐MMT hydrophobic and expands the interlayer spacing between silicate sheets. The intercalated structure of EPDM/silicone blend nanocomposites is characterized by the X‐ray diffraction. Transmission electron microscopic characterization visualized the presence of both exfoliated and intercalated layered silicate in the polymer nanocomposites. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites show a maximum improvement in tensile strength and elongation at break of 23 and 68%, respectively, compared with EPDM/silicone blend. The dielectric measurement demonstrates the increase in relative permittivity for the nanocomposite than the pure blend. The increase in the onset temperature of the thermal degradation of nanocomposites (∼52°C) corresponding to 1 wt% decomposition indicates the enhancement of thermal stability of (EPDM)/silicone blend due to interaction with silicates. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1834–1841, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of organoclay reinforcement on the curing characteristics and technological properties of styrene–butadiene rubber

Rubber nanocomposites based on styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and organophilic layered silicate were prepared. Clay structures based on dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), nonyl phenol ethoxylate (NPE), and DBSA/NPE (50/50%) were prepared and characterized. The results indicate the intercalation of the used surfactants within the clay layers. Varying amount of organoclay, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (phr), was added to the SBR matrix. X‐ray diffraction revealed exfoliated structure for the modified clay–SBR composites. No new component in the rubber was found by fourier transform infrared measurements (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy showed a uniform distribution of the modified clay with mixed DBSA/NPE (6 phr) in the matrix. The rheometric characteristics and physicomechanical properties of the SBR compounds were analyzed. The effect of DBSA/NPE clay loading on aging resistance of SBR nanocomposites at 90 ± 1°C for 4 and 7 days was also investigated. Rubber nanocomposites displayed an increase in the minimum and maximum torques, acceleration of the vulcanization process, and improved mechanical properties, with organoclay content up to 6 phr. This effect was more noticeable in the presence of the treated clay with DBSA/NPE. Also incorporation of DBSA/NPE‐clay (6 phr) resulted in significant improvement of the degradation profile of the nanocomposites at 90 ± 1°C for 4 days. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:1293–1302, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of nano clay on the constrained polymer volume of chlorobutyl rubber nanocomposites

The dynamic mechanical properties of chlorobutyl rubber nanocomposites containing different varieties of clay have been investigated. The clay moieties have been chosen so that they vary in their organic modification, modifier concentration, and d spacing. The viscoelastic properties such as storage modulus, damping behavior, and loss modulus of polymer composites depends on matrix filler interaction, crystallinity, and extent of crosslinking. The prepared composites were characterized by X Ray Diffraction, and the extend of exfoliation/intercalation was studied. It has been observed that the storage modulus of the composites increased with the addition of filler due to the enhancement in stiffness of the material. The damping behavior was found to decrease with the addition of filler and this was attributed to the restricted movement of the polymer segments. The higher surface area to volume ratio of the layered silicate resulted in the better interaction between the polymer matrix and filler. The variation of loss as well as storage modulus of the nanocomposites were evaluated as a function of filler loading, and a comparison of the properties of the rubber nanocomposites containing different organic clay was also carried out. Finally, a calculation of constrained volume of polymer chains was done in the nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:2135–2139, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineer     

Gas transport through nano and micro composites of natural rubber (NR) and their blends with carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber (XSBR) latex membranes

The gas permeability coefficient of nano and micro composites of natural rubber, carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber and 70:30 natural rubber/carboxylated styrene butadiene rubber blend membranes has been investigated with special reference to type of filler, gases, filler loading and pressure. The layered silicates such as sodium bentonite and sodium fluorohectorite were the nanofillers used and the conventional micro fillers were clay and silica. Latex nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique. The dispersion of layered silicates in the polymer matrix was analysed using transmission electron microscopy. The fluorohectorite silicate showed excellent dispersion in natural rubber matrix. The effect of free volume on the gas barrier properties was investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. It was observed that due to the platelet like morphology and high aspect ratio of layered silicates, the gas barrier properties of nano filled latex membranes were very high. The crosslink density values and extent of reinforcement were estimated in order to correlate with the gas barrier properties. The oxygen/nitrogen selectivity of these membranes were investigated. The diffusion of gas molecules through the polymer was determined by time-lag method and diffusion selectivity of the membranes was computed.     

Transport properties of natural rubber latex layered clay nanocomposites

Natural rubber latex layered clay nanocomposites were prepared with low loadings of nanoclay using conventional compounding technique. A higher loading of clay resulted in processing difficulties due to viscosity build up. X‐ray analysis showed that nanocomposites in which layered silicate layers were either delaminated or ordered as in an intercalated structure was obtained. Partially exfoliated structure was observed from TEM photographs of nanocomposites with 3 phr nanoclay. The transport properties, sorption, diffusion, and permeation coefficients were measured using the solvent toluene at 303 K. A higher decrease for the diffusion coefficient for nanocomposites directs the presence of tortuous path for the diffusing molecules. Thermodynamic parameters show a better compatibility for the silicates with rubber resulted in the formation of an elastomeric network. Gas permeability results of the nanocomposites suggest a better barrier resistancefor oxygen molecules even in lower loading of nanoclay and different gas transport models (Nielsen, Bharadwaj, Cussler) were applied to describe the behavior of these nanocomposites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Mechanical and rheological properties of the maleated polypropylene–layered silicate nanocomposites with different morphology

Three types of maleated polypropylene–layered silicate nanocomposites with different dispersion states of layered silicate (deintercalated, intercalated, and exfoliated states) are prepared from two kinds of polypropylenes with different molecular weights, organically modified layered silicate and pristine montmorillonite to investigate the effect of the final morphology of the nanocomposite on the rheological and mechanical properties. Maleated polypropylene with high molecular weight intercalates slowly and the other with low molecular weight exfoliates fast into the organophilic layered silicates. Rheological properties such as oscillatory storage modulus, nonterminal behavior, and relative viscosity has close relationship with the dispersion state of layered silicates. The exfoliated nanocomposite shows the largest increase and the deintercalated nanocomposite shows almost no change in relative shear and complex viscosities with the clay content. The exfoliated nanocomposite shows the largest drop in complex viscosity due to shear alignment of clay layers in the shear flow. In addition, the final dispersion state of layered silicates intimately relates to the mechanical property. The dynamic storage moduli of nanocomposites show the same behavior as the relative shear and complex viscosities. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1526–1535, 2003     

Nanostructure morphology and dynamic rheological properties of nanocomposites based on thermoplastic polyurethane and organically modified montmorillonite

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites based on organophilic-layered silicates were prepared via melt blending. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were employed to investigate the state and mechanism of exfoliation of the layered silicate within TPU matrix. The TPU nanocomposites were found to have a partially exfoliated morphology at lower clay loading, whereas the morphology changed to an intercalated nanostructure at higher clay loadings. The effect of the state of dispersion of organoclay on rheological properties of the nanocomposites were carried out by rubber process analyzer (RPA), which exhibited more pronounced shear thinning behavior, and increased storage and loss modulus with the increase in organoclay content. The pseudo-plastic like behavior was observed due to change in liquid-like to solid-like behavior of nanoclay-filled systems.     

Exfoliation of layered silicate facilitated by ring-opening reaction of cyclic oligomers in PET-clay nanocomposites

Ethylene terephthalate cyclic oligomers (ETCs) have been successfully polymerized to a high molecular weight poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) employing the advantages of the low viscosity of cyclic oligomers and lack of chemical emissions during polymerization. Using ring-opening polymerization of ETCs with organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), we intend to ascertain the possibility of preparing high performance PET/clay nanocomposites. Due to the low molecular weight and viscosity, ETCs are successfully intercalated to the clay gallerys, what is evidenced by XRD showing a down-shift of basal plane peak of layered silicate along with TEM investigation. Subsequent ring-opening polymerization of ETCs in-between silicate layers yielded a PET matrix of high molecular weight along with high disruption of layered silicate structure and homogeneous dispersion of the latter in the matrix. Although co-existence of exfoliation and intercalation states of silicate layers after polymerization of ETCs rather than perfect exfoliation was observed, a dramatic increase in d-spacing along with fast polymerization presents us a great potential of cyclic oligomer process in producing a thermoplastic polymer-clay nanocomposites of extremely well-dispersed silicate nanoplatelets and the corresponding high performances.     

Single-ion conducting polymer-silicate nanocomposite electrolytes for lithium battery applications

Solid-state polymer-silicate nanocomposite electrolytes based on an amorphous polymer poly[(oxyethylene)₈ methacrylate], POEM, and lithium montmorillonite clay were fabricated and characterized to investigate the feasibility of their use as ‘salt-free’ electrolytes in lithium polymer batteries. X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy studies indicate the formation of an intercalated morphology in the nanocomposites due to favorable interactions between the polymer matrix and the clay. The morphology of the nanocomposite is intricately linked to the amount of silicate in the system. At low clay contents, dynamic rheological testing verifies that silicate incorporation enhances the mechanical properties of POEM, while impedance spectroscopy shows an improvement in electrical properties. With clay content ≥15 wt.%, mechanical properties are further improved but the formation of an apparent superlattice structure correlates with a loss in the electrical properties of the nanocomposite. The use of suitably modified clays in nanocomposites with high clay contents eliminates this superstructure formation, yielding materials with enhanced performance.