用玉米醇溶蛋白测试法研究洗发香波的刺激性

为了探讨洗发香波因表面活性剂引起的刺激性,利用玉米醇溶蛋白测试法,分别测试了香波表面活性剂体系和香波的刺激性。表面活性剂的刺激性测试结果与文献报道相吻合。市售儿童用洗发沐浴2合1香波刺激性测试结果明显低于成人香波。玉米醇溶蛋白测试法可以作为一种方便快捷的非动物试验方法,用于洗发香波表面活性剂的筛选及其刺激性的初步评估。     

一种兼具阳离子和两性特征的复配表面活性剂性能研究及应用

对具有阳离子和两性特征的新型表面活性剂椰油酰胺丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵/椰油酰胺丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵磷酸酯/椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱与月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠复配体系的抑菌、增稠、发泡、耐寒、耐热性能和毒理学等进行测定,并与月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠、椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱和椰油酰胺DEA的复配体系进行对比。结果表明,椰油酰胺丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵/椰油酰胺丙基PG-二甲基氯化铵磷酸酯/椰油酰胺丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱复配表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂复配时较其他常用表面活性剂表现出较佳的抑菌、增稠及稳泡性,刺激性低,在洗沐和洗涤剂中表现出更好的应用价值。     

异构醇醚在超浓缩洗衣液中的应用探索

超浓缩洗衣液是洗涤用品市场发展的重要方向。传统阴离子表面活性剂月桂醇醚硫酸酯盐、直链烷基苯磺酸盐和非离子表面活性剂天然月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚等原料因为溶解度低、容易凝胶等缺点很难满足超浓缩洗衣液的配方需求。异构醇醚非离子表面活性剂的倾点低,溶解速度快,润湿力强,泡沫低、易漂洗,而且与阴离子表面活性剂的配方相容性好,易配制超浓缩洗衣液。     

阴离子表面活性剂月桂醇产品

用硫酸化月桂醇和月桂醇乙氧化物所得到的月桂醇硫酸酯和月桂醇醚硫酸酯是阴离子表面活性剂的代表。它可用作洗涤剂和乳化剂。在SO_3气体硫酸化月桂醇和月桂醇乙氧化物的反应中,我们发现反应条件对产品质量有显著的影响。为了获得优质产品,我们提出了一项新技术:就是使用一种称为“升膜反应器”(Climbing film reactor)的新型反应器。在此反应器中,SO_3气体和液态原料是向上流动的。     

高效非离子表面活性剂在洗衣凝珠中的应用探索

洗衣凝珠配方要求较低的含水量,常见的阴离子表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸盐、月桂醇醚硫酸酯盐或非离子表面活性剂月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚会因为溶解度、凝胶区间等问题不能满足配方需求,加入溶剂可以改善配方外观,但可能无法提升配方去污力.脂肪醇聚烷氧基醚MSC 99倾点低、凝胶区窄、泡沫低、去污力强,是一款高效非离子表面活性剂,配制成的洗...     

月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠在清洁产品中的性能研究

研究了化妆品新原料月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠的增稠、透明度和去污力,并与常见的温和表面活性剂进行性能对比。将8%主表面活性剂与4%椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱复配,通过氯化钠对黏度的影响考察各个表面活性剂增稠的难易程度。实验结果表明,0.5%的盐即可增稠月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠至5000 mPa·s,而常见的氨基酸类阴离子表面活性剂需要较多盐才能增稠或者难以用盐增稠。考察了室温和4℃下,6%表面活性剂水溶液在pH值5～8范围内的透明度。实验结果表明,月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠具有良好的透明度,而常见的氨基酸类阴离子表面活性剂中,除月桂酰肌氨酸钠以外均会因温度或pH值变化出现不同程度的不透明或者析出现象。通过使用0.05%表面活性剂水溶液清洁皮脂污布,测量清洗前后污布白度差值衡量其对于皮脂的去污力。实验发现月桂酰甲基羟乙基磺酸钠去污力强于大部分氨基酸类阴离子表面活性剂,接近月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠（SLES）和甲基椰油酰基牛磺酸钠。     

玉米醇溶测试法对常见表面活性剂的检测

建立了以玉米醇溶蛋白法测定不同类型表面活性剂的刺激性的方法。结果表明不同类型表面活性剂的刺激性排序为阳离子阴离子两性离子非离子,试验结果与文献报道相吻合,证明该方法准确可靠。     

温和低刺激皂基洗面奶的配方设计

通过脂肪酸盐与月桂醇聚醚羧酸钠不同浓度比对玉米醇溶蛋白的刺激性表征实验,以及角蛋白的溶胀实验,确定皂基与月桂醇聚醚羧酸钠的添加比例,从而得到温和低刺激皂基洗面奶配方。结果表明,该配方洗后不干燥,泡沫丰富,耐热耐寒的稳定性好。     

新型表面活性剂

日本第一工业制药公司已能选用与现有壬基酚系表面活性剂各品级相对应的替代品。这些替代品是以天然月桂醇为原料制得 ,生物降解性良好的表面活性剂 ,包括月桂醇乙氧基化物（ＤＫＳ）、月桂基醚硫酸酯铵盐（Ｈ -３９１６～Ｈ -３９１９）、月桂基醚磷酸酯（Ｈ -３９２０～Ｈ -３９２２）。非离子表面活性剂壬基酚是被怀疑有环境微毒作用（使内分泌紊乱）的物质 ,已列入日本环境厅可能禁用的名单 ,因此迫切要求开发其替代品。ＤＫＳＮＬ系列是月桂醇与环氧乙烷加成聚合而得的醚型非离子表面活性剂 ,可在各工业领域用作乳化剂、分散剂、渗透剂…     

一种表面活性剂对活性污泥的影响及其可生物降解性的测试方法

以月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠(AES)、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯铵(AESA)为例：通过污泥耗氧速率的变化了解表面活性剂对活性污泥的抑制情况；用磁力搅拌表面曝气法代替震荡培养法测试了城镇污水处理厂的活性污泥对表面活性剂的生物降解能力；用污泥负荷表征表面活性剂的初级生物降解速率，便于计算用活性污泥法处理表面活性剂至其起泡性能消失所需的时间。实验结果表明，AES、AESA浓度≥200 mg·L^-1时对活性污泥中部分微生物有抑制作用。当AES、AESA浓度≤100 mg·L^-1时，用城镇污水处理厂的活性污泥好氧处理的初级生物降解速率分别为0.06 kg AES.(kg MLSS·d)^-1、0.06 kg AESA.(kg MLSS·d)^-1；用活性污泥法好氧处理20小时后的COD_Cr去除率分别为75.7%、79.9%;AESA的可生物降解性优于AES。     

Advantage of Sodium Polyoxyethylene Lauryl Ether Carboxylate as a Mild Cleansing Agent

Five anionic surfactants widely used in commercial skin cleansers were studied: sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether carboxylate (EC), sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate (ES), sodium dodecyl sulfate, potassium laurate, and N-cocoyl-l-glutamic acid monosodium salt. The amount of surfactant from aqueous solution adsorbed into the stratum corneum (SC), the degree of SC swelling, the change of the secondary structure of SC proteins (denaturation). The surface tension of surfactant–zein mixed solutions, and the solubilization behavior of zein were measured. Results showed that EC had the lowest adsorption into SC, the lowest SC swelling, and lowest denaturation of SC proteins. Low interactions between surfactants and SC proteins were also observed for EC/ES mixture solutions as well as. Mixing EC with ES good foaming performance. The EC/ES mixture, at about 1:1 ratio, is an excellent surfactant system for skin cleanser applications having cleansing characteristics and mildness to the skin.     

延展型表面活性剂中PEO与PPO的协同效应

以月桂醇为原料，经丙氧基化、乙氧基化、硫酸酯化和中和等系列反应合成了月桂基聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（SLP3E3S）。采用FTIR、ESI-MS和1HNMR表征了其结构。测定了SLP3E3S的界面化学性质和应用性能，并与十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠（SLE3S）和月桂基聚氧丙烯醚硫酸钠（SLP3S）对比，考察引入聚氧乙烯链（PEO）与延展型表面活性剂中聚氧丙烯链（PPO）的协同效应。结果表明，PEO链与PPO链的协同效应使SLP3E3S在低泡性（49 mL）、对极性油的乳化力（19.4 min）和钙皂分散力（55.8 mol/mol）等方面显著优于另3种表面活性剂；而其电解质抗性（尤其是钙离子抗性）远超SDS和SLP3S，并达到与SLE3S同等水准。     

Dilational viscoelastic properties of fluid interfaces—III Mixed surfactant systems

The surface viscosity and elasticity of solutions of mixed surfactants were determined using the longitudinal wave technique combined with tracer particle measurements. The recent analysis of Maru et al., which was restricted to insoluble monolayers and to monolayers adsorbed from a single surfactant solution, has now been extended to multicomponent solutions. This analysis can be used not only to estimate the “net” viscoelastic properties at gas-liquid interfaces but also to estimate the composition as well as the intrinsic viscoelastic properties. Furthermore, when accompanied by separate measurements of shear viscoelastic properties, the above analysis can be used for the determination of dilational viscosity and elasticity.Surface viscoelasticity measurements were conducted on aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate-lauryl alcohol. Net surface viscosity and elasticity of sodium lauryl sulfate solutions increased with bulk concentration and reached a maximum at a concentration in the neighborhood of the critical micelle concentration. The presence of small amount of lauryl alcohol caused almost an order of magnitude increase in intrinsic surface viscosity and a similar increase in compositional surface elasticity. A comparison between the values of intrinsic surface viscosity and those of surface shear viscosity indicated that surface dilational viscosity exceeds surface shear viscosity by at least two orders of magnitude. These appear to be the first set of data presented hitherto for the surface dilational properties in addition to surface shear properties for the same mixed surfactant systems.     

Lower Irritation Potential of Laureth‐3 Carboxylate Amino Acid Salt

Sodium laureth sulfate and amino acid type surfactants have been categorized as low‐skin irritation chemicals based on results of previous skin irritation tests. However, detergent‐induced skin irritation still occurs. Detergents with a low‐skin irritation effect are required, since the number of cosmetics for sensitive skin has increased. Therefore, an in vitro method of testing the safety of cosmetics for sensitive skin is required. Skin irritation by anionic surfactants was investigated to determine the effect of laureth‐3 carboxylate (polyoxyethylene lauryl carboxymethyl ether) amino acid salt on skin irritation. In addition, sodium laureth sulfate and amino acid type surfactants, regarded as low‐irritation surfactants, were also tested for skin irritation. The skin irritation effect of laureth‐3 carboxylate lysine salt (Surfactant 1 ), sodium laureth sulfate (Surfactant 2 ), and sodium N‐lauroyl glutamate (Surfactant 3 ) were investigated using a reconstructed human cultured epidermal model, LabCyte EPI‐MODEL24 6D. Cell viabilities of cultured epidermal cells exposed to Surfactant 1 (5.0 % aq.), Surfactant 2 , and Surfactant 3 were 82.0, 45.0 and 19.1 %, respectively. There were significant differences in cell viability upon exposure to 5.0 % aqueous test solutions of the three test chemicals. The results of the current investigation indicate that Surfactant 1 has a low skin‐irritation effect.     

添加剂对超声解吸柠檬酸盐溶液中SO2的影响

将超声波作为外场引入柠檬酸钠缓冲溶液中脱除SO2的过程是一项新的尝试. 本工作从超声波作用特点及溶液性质出发,探讨了超声解吸柠檬酸钠溶液中SO2的机理以及添加剂(表面活性剂和惰性气体)对解吸过程的影响,并通过实验研究进行了对比性验证. 结果表明,十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基三甲基氯化铵均能显著降低柠檬酸钠溶液的表面张力,添加表面活性剂对超声解吸SO2具有一定的促进作用,其中十二烷基硫酸钠的效果较好;当表面活性剂浓度大于0.1 g/L时,溶液表面张力几乎不变,SO2解吸率增加缓慢;在解吸体系中通入少量的惰性气体也能提高超声解吸SO2的效率,解吸率比无惰性气体存在时提高20%.     

烷基糖苷与阴离子表面活性剂 复配体系的泡沫和润湿性能

将发泡力及泡沫稳定性较好的2种烷基糖苷表面活性剂月桂基糖苷(APG1214)和椰油基糖苷(APG0814B64)分别与4种阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(K12)、十二烷基硫酸铵(K12A)、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)和月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵(AESA)复配,考察复配体系的发泡性能和润湿性能。结果表明,APG1214与K12、AES在泡沫性能和润湿性能上都表现出显著的协同增效作用,而与K12A、AESA的协同增效作用主要体现在润湿性能上。APG0814B64与K12、AES在发泡性能方面表现出协同增效作用。     

功能洗发水的性能研究

以十二烷基硫酸钠、月桂醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、椰子油二乙醇酰胺等为主表面活性剂,按一定配方配制了功能性洗发水。研究了表面活性剂种类、添加剂用量以及中草药提取液等对洗发水的发泡性能、稳定性、细腻度和调理性能等的影响,确定了主要组分的最佳配比。     

Untersuchungen über die Wirksamkeit von Konservierungsmitteln in anionaktiven Tensiden I

Investigations on the Effectiveness of Preservatives in Anion Active Surfactants The preserving action of five preservatives was tested at pH values of 6, 7 and 8 in 10% solutions of the anion active surfactants sodium lauryl sulfate, protein-fatty acid condensate and sodium laurylether sulfate. It was found that the three difficultly water-soluble compounds p-chloro-m-cresol, pentachlorophenol and the combined methyl and ethyl esters of the p.H.B. esters are ineffective at usual concentrations. Both of the watersoluble preservatives polyoxymethyleneglycol and chloroacetamide were effective. Furthermore, it was observed that the preservative action of chloroacetamide is enhanced by anion active surfactants. The inactivation of the difficulty watersoluble preservatives is traced back to the solubilization of these compounds by the micelle of the anion active surfactants.     

Effect of polyoxyethylated materials on the interaction of surfactants with skin

The effect of surfactants on skin has been investigated by means of two experimental techniques, viz., by permeability studies using isolated neonatal rat stratum corneum membranes, and by studies on the reduction of the electrophysiological potential across freshly excised frog skin membranes. Permeability studies indicate that typical cationic and nonionic surfactants are weak penetrants, unlike anionic surfactants, as exemplified by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), which readily penetrates and tends to destroy the integrity of stratum corneum membranes in a matter of hours. The addition of polyethylene glycols (PEG) or nonionic surfactants to solutions of SLS results in a considerable reduction in the last mentioned effects, the reduction tending to increase as the molecular weight and ethylene oxide content of the additive increase. By contrast with permeability, the electrophysiological measurements show that cationic surfactants can be extremely active: the typical surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), at a level of 0.5% in Ringer solution, destroys the potential across frog skin in minutes, and, indeed, is comparable in this respect to SLS. Nonionic surfactants are comparatively inactive, and factant reduces the effect of the latter significantly. Preapplication of a solution of PEG to the membrane, rather than incorporation in the solution of the surfactant, affords better protection against the latter as judged by both permeability and potential criteria.