一种被动式时间同步算法的研究与设计

随着网络技术的不断发展，许多网络应用对网络中各个节点的时钟同步有着很高的要求。详细讨论了被动式同步算法的思想，提出了基于被动式同步算法的延时误差调节方案。方案有效降低了授时误差，同时改善了客户时钟的频率性能。     

正交频分复用中的符号同步研究

同步是正交频分复用系统的关键问题之一,文章主要研究了基于循环前缀的最大似然（ML）同步算法,及基于训练序列的符号定时同步算法,并进行了算法仿真。仿真结果表明,与ML算法相比,该算法大大提高了系统的同步性能,尤其是在多径信道中的性能得到了很大提高。     

多载波系统中帧同步和载波同步的最大似然估计算法

本文提出一种用于多载波系统的帧同步和载波同步的最大似然估计算法.它利用多载波系统循环冗余扩展的保护间隔携带的信息进行同步估计,避免了基于导频符号的同步估计带来的频率和功率资源的浪费.计算机仿真显示,本算法在加性白高斯噪声信道能达到最佳性能,在慢衰落信道下也具有较好的性能.     

一种改进的MIMO-OFDM帧同步算法

定时同步和频率同步是影响MIMO—OFDM系统性能的关键因素。提出一种改进的帧同步算法并分析其仿真结果。仿真结果表明：该算法能够消除传统帧定时算法的平台效应,在提高帧同步精度的同时,对系统小数倍频偏估计性能也有所提高。     

一种OFDM时频捕获与频率跟踪方案

基于各种OFDM同步算法,针对PN序列算法存在的不足,提出了一种新的时频同步算法。该算法利用2个训练序列进行时频捕获,同时给出了一种频率跟踪方案。通过仿真验证了新算法性能,并与PN序列算法进行比较,频率估计精度得到了提高。对于给出的频率跟踪方案,理论分析和仿真结果都表明该方案具备实用性。     

DVB-S中卷积码节点同步检测方案

分析了一种基于校验多项式的节点同步方法。这种算法较之传统的卷积码节点同步方法,具有独立于译码器,对输入数据的平均幅值不敏感,可以快速获得同步状态,并且可以自动跟踪传输过程中的穿凿方式的变化等优点。基于该算法提出可选用的实现DVB-S接收系统中不同码率的卷积码的节点同步方案,并对该方案进行了软件仿真和硬件实现。在合理的硬件开销下,该方案表现出较好的同步性能。     

MIMO SC-FDMA定时同步的并行干扰消除算法

针对LTE-Advanced上行链路MIMO SC-FDMA系统中定时同步问题,提出一种基于QR分解与并行干扰消除PIC相结合的定时同步算法。该算法通过QR分解检测获得初步的信息估计值,应用并行干扰消除方法,将定时偏移所产生的干扰从接收信号中消除。理论分析与仿真结果表明,该算法可显著提高系统性能。     

OFDM系统中基于循环前缀的频偏估计算法

文章对几种常用的基于循环前缀(CP)的最大似然同步算法进行了分析,并对其频偏估计方差进行了比较;同时针对基于CP的同步算法在多径衰落信道下性能较差的情况,提出了一种改进的CP同步算法并进行了仿真,结果表明相比于原ML算法,文中算法在多径信道下可有效提高频偏估计性能.     

基于导频信道估计的MIMO同步算法

针对多输入多输出（MIMO）技术的应用需要,研究了MIMO同步算法,提出了一种基于导频和信道估计的联合同步算法。该方法运用基于二阶矩的盲估计算法进行信道估计;再把信道估计的结果用最小均方误差准则做均衡,并设计一种特别的导频来估计载波频偏并估计信道时延。在不同条件下进行仿真,分析结果表明：在复杂信道环境下算法的性能相比传统算法有显著提高,研究结果对MIMO的工程应用有较好参考意义。     

一种适用于高铁环境的TD系统定时同步方案

基于高速铁路的特定环境,分析了高铁信道环境对TD定时同步性能的影响,并综合现有算法,对TD-SCDMA系统定时同步方案进行改进。仿真结果表明：改进算法方案相较传统方案在估算性能与运算复杂度两方面都有了一定的改进与提升,能够满足高铁环境对TD定时同步性能的需求,具有一定的可行性。     

具有传输干扰的混沌全状态射影同步

针对具有传输干扰的混沌系统的同步问题,提出一种新的全状态射影同步方案.利用Lyapunov稳定性理论,设计了混沌系统的非线性观测器,得到了具有传输干扰的混沌系统射影同步的充分条件.该方案不仅能够得到以特定缩放因子的射影同步,并且可以在不降低可控性的条件下,根据控制的情况,任意调整缩放因子.利用鲁棒稳定性理论进一步证明了所提方案可大大减小传输干扰对混沌射影同步的影响,从而得到了满意的混沌全状态射影同步.最后,以陈氏系统为例,进行数值仿真,验证了所提方案能够有效地抑制混沌同步系统的信道干扰,得到混沌系统的全状态射影同步.     

基于SRS优先级划分及时移传输机制的SL空口同步方案

在LTE-V2X（long term evolution-vehicle to everything）系统中,存在部分车载用户无法获取基站的同步参考信号（synchronization reference signal,SRS）,从而无法与网络进行通信的问题。为解决这一问题,提出一种副链接（sidelink,SL）空口同步方案。车载用户根据SRS优先级划分机制选择最优的SRS,同时可获取该SRS的优先级以及确定自身发送SRS的优先级;并设计SRS时移传输机制使得不同优先级SRS在不同时帧上传输来区分优先级,与此同时还可有效抑制同频干扰。仿真结果显示,该方案在同步源优先级为 4 个等级时,同步定时误差均满足车载用户的同步需求。本文所提方案不仅扩大了空口同步范围,还可以有效抑制车载用户之间的同频干扰,可作为LTE-V2X系统实现有效可行的空口同步方案之一。     

A frame synchronization method for adaptive array antennas in digital mobile communications

This paper proposes a frame synchronization method for an adaptive array antenna (AAA) used in digital mobile communications. The proposed scheme, which is based on the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), calculates error signals by subtracting a training sequence convolved with an estimated channel impulse response from the AAA outputs and searches for the timing that minimizes the mean squared errors. Because the proposed scheme can effectively exploit delayed paths of the desired signal, it can improve the synchronization performance on frequency-selective fading channels. Computer simulations show that the proposed scheme can operate properly even in interference-rich fading environments and that it can significantly improve the synchronization performance.     

Joint frame synchronization and frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems

A new joint frame synchronization and carrier frequency offset estimation scheme in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is proposed in this paper, where both frame synchronization and carrier frequency offset estimation can be performed by using only ONE training symbol. Frame synchronization and carrier frequency offset acquisition are performed simultaneously in the proposed scheme. Reliable frame synchronization is obtained in the proposed scheme even in low SNR. The maximum carrier frequency offset acquisition range of the proposed scheme can be up to one half of the total signal bandwidth. The same training symbol can also be utilized to carrier frequency offset Fine Adjustment, which estimates the remaining carrier frequency offset after acquisition with higher accuracy. The performance comparison of the proposed Fine Adjustment algorithm and Schmidl's algorithm by using computer simulation illustrates and verify the superior performance of the proposed algorithm with regard to estimation accuracy.     

针对非二进制同步错误的高效水印调制方案

低密度奇偶校验码级联水印码的编译码方案可纠正非二进制同步错误。为了提高上述系统中水印码识别同步错误的能力,提出了扩展多个符号子集的改进水印调制方案。具体而言,该改进方案将每个传输符号携带的水印信息扩展至两位,对应地将传输信号的子集扩展为四个。扩展后的系统星座图的划分更为精细,提高了借助更多水印比特码识别同步错误的能力。仿真结果表明,与传统方案相比,在加性噪声较小情况下如信噪比为10 dB,当误帧率为10-3时,改进方案可以纠正的同步错误概率达13%,且适用于非线性信道。      

一种自适应门限的MIMO—OFDM系统帧同步方法

针对MIMO—OFDM系统的同步问题,在现有帧同步算法基础上进行改进,提出一种自适应门限的正交帧头判决方案,并将此方案应用于原同步算法的粗帧同步中。Matlab仿真结果表明,在存在码间干扰和多径衰落的无线信道中,该方案在不增加系统复杂度的前提下,可以提高帧同步的正确检测率和降低帧头的平均捕获时间,适用于高速移动通信系统。     

SYNCHRONIZATION RECOVERY SCHEME IN WATERMARKING DETECTION

Most proposed digital watermarking algorithms are sensitive to geometric attacks because the synchronization information of watermark embedding and detection is destroyed. In this letter a novel synchronization recovery scheme based on image normalization is proposed. The presented scheme does not require the original image and can be applied to various watermark systems. A wavelet-based watermarking scheme is proposed as an example and experimental results show that it is robust to geometric attacks.     

Performance Analysis of Nonlinear-Predictive-Filter-Based Chaotic Synchronization

Synchronization of chaotic systems is essential for chaotic communication schemes. If the communication environment is modeled stochastic, the extended-Kalman-filter-(EKF)-based synchronization scheme possesses minimum error in estimating the states for certain chaotic systems/maps. However, its intrinsic nonlinear approximation error can cause divergence and, hence, desynchronization. In this brief, a nonlinear predictive filter (NPF) is proposed for chaotic synchronization. The condition for stability and an approximate expression for the total normalized mean square error are derived. Numerical evaluations reveal that the proposed NPF-based synchronization scheme has better performance compared with the EKF-based scheme.     

A New Approach for Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks: Pairwise Broadcast Synchronization

This letter proposes an energy-efficient clock synchronization scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) based on a novel time synchronization approach. Within the proposed synchronization approach, a subset of sensor nodes are synchronized by overhearing the timing message exchanges of a pair of sensor nodes. Therefore, a group of sensor nodes can be synchronized without sending any extra messages. This paper brings two main contributions: 1. Development of a novel synchronization approach which can be partially or fully applied for implementation of new synchronization protocols and for improving the performance of existing time synchronization protocols. 2. Design of a time synchronization scheme which significantly reduces the overall network-wide energy consumption without incurring any loss of synchronization accuracy compared to other well-known schemes.     

Cell search algorithms for the 3G long-term evolution

This article presents downlink initial synchronization and cell identification algorithms for long term evolution (LTE) of third-generation (3G) mobile communication systems, which are based on synchronization channel (SCH) and cell specific pilot symbols, respectively. The key features of the proposed scheme are: it can improve performance of the frequency synchronization through oversampling of the SCH, it can support a large number of target cells by modulating a cell-specific pilot sequence over two symbols within a subframe, and it can guarantee cell identification performance by maximally ratio combining the frequency domain differential cross-correlation. Simulations show that the proposed scheme has a potential use in 3G LTE.