LY12铝合金氧化膜与钎剂的反应机制

采用CsF-AlF3中温无腐蚀钎剂能够去除LY12铝合金表面复杂的氧化膜, 实现LY12铝合金的中温钎焊.研究发现: 改进的CsF-AlF3钎剂是以反应、溶解方式去除氧化膜的; 在去膜过程中, CsF化合物起主要去膜作用, 钎剂的高活性与NH4F、NH4AlF4及复合盐熔体等化合物的存在有关, 它们的存在可提高CsF-AlF3钎剂的去膜能力, 而HF的生成则是诱发和加速反应、提高溶解去膜能力的关键;微量稀土元素镧未在界面出现富集现象,微量的稀土氟化物则起着"助溶"的作用.     

KF-AlF_3-KBr低熔点铝基钎剂研制

氟铝酸钾钎剂不吸潮、无腐蚀,广泛应用于铝及其合金的钎焊,但由于该钎剂熔点较高,限制了其使用范围。在KF-AlF3钎剂基础上,添加第三组元KBr降低了熔点,获得了低熔点的无腐蚀性钎剂。通过DSC、XRD和一系列钎焊性能实验表明,当w(KBr)=20%时钎剂熔点最低,液相线温度522.1℃。钎剂由KAlF4、K3AlF6和KAlBr4组成,KAlF4-K3AlF6-KAlBr4组成的三元共晶是钎剂熔点降低的主要原因。通过性能测试表明,此钎剂具有良好的铺展性、填缝性,去膜能力也有较大程度的提高,可以应用于低熔点铝合金钎焊。     

Ga_2O_3对CsF-RbF-AlF_3钎剂/Zn-Al钎料在铝和钢表面润湿铺展性能的影响

研究了添加微量Ga_2O_3的CsF-RbF-AlF_3钎剂和Zn-Al钎料在6063铝合金和Q235低碳钢上的润湿、铺展性能的反应规律。结果表明,添加极微量的Ga_2O_3即能够显著促进Zn-Al钎料在6063铝合金和Q235低碳钢上的润湿、铺展,其最佳添加量应控制在0.001%~0.003%(质量分数)。对钎剂残渣的XRD分析结果和化学反应热力学计算表明,微量Ga_2O_3的添加,一方面能够促进CsF-RbF-AlF_3钎剂溶解、反应去除6063铝合金和Q235低碳钢表面的氧化膜;另一方面,在钎焊过程中,由于Ga_2O_3被还原成金属Ga,Ga元素具有"集肤效应",富集于钎料和母材的界面,大大降低了钎料与母材间的界面张力,从而促进了钎料在母材上的润湿、铺展。     

Ga2O3对CsF-RbF-AlF3钎剂在铝、钢表面润湿铺展性能的影响

本文研究了添加微量Ga2O3的CsF-RbF-AlF3钎剂和Zn-Al钎料在6063铝合金和Q235低碳钢上的润湿、铺展性能的反应规律。试验结果表明,添加极微量的Ga2O3即能够显著促进Zn-Al钎料在6063铝合金和Q235低碳钢上的润湿、铺展,其最佳添加量应控制在0.001~0.003wt.%范围。对钎剂残渣的XRD分析结果和化学反应热力学计算表明,微量Ga2O3的添加,一方面能够促进CsF-RbF-AlF3钎剂溶解、反应去除6063铝合金和Q235低碳钢表面的氧化膜;另一方面,在钎焊过程中,由于Ga2O3被还原成金属Ga,Ga元素具有“集肤效应”,富集于钎料和母材的界面,大大降低了钎料与母材间的界面张力,从而促进了钎料在母材上的润湿、铺展。     

6063铝合金中温钎焊工艺

采用73Ai-20Cu-2Ni-5Si中温箔带钎料,对6063铝合金进行氩气保护炉中钎焊工艺研究。根据铺展、填缝试验,选择合适的表面处理方式、钎剂和钎焊规范,结果表明:3%CsF-AlF_3+97%KF-AlF_3无腐蚀钎剂具有较高的活性及较好的去膜效果,适合含Mg铝合金钎焊;化学清洗和物理清洗表面处理方式均能有效去除钎料表面氧化膜;使用3%CsF-AlF_3+97%KF-AlF_3钎剂,钎料在580℃,10 min规范下钎焊的剪切强度达到126 MPa;经固溶、时效处理后,钎焊接头强度明显提高,这种接头经盐雾腐蚀后接头剪切强度仍达到150 MPa。     

KF-KBr-AlF3-CsF钎剂去除6061铝合金表面氧化膜机制

研制了一种新型铝合金无腐蚀钎剂,该钎剂具有较低的熔点和良好的去膜能力,可用于6063,6061等含镁铝合金的钎焊,解决了传统无腐蚀钎剂无法钎焊含镁铝合金的问题.文中对钎剂的去膜机理进行了深入研究,通过X衍射分析了钎剂和纯氧化镁粉末及铝板表面的氧化物反应的产物,通过分析得出:KF-KBr-AlF3-CsF钎剂的中Cs+的强金属性,夺取了氧离子,从而使氧化镁膜溶解破裂;MgO和大多数Al2O3是通过化学反应而除去的,而MgAl2O4和部分Al2O3是通过物理作用去除的.     

含氟化物银钎剂去除304不锈钢表面氧化膜的机理

使用银钎剂（由K₂B₄O₇、H₃BO₃、KF或KHF₂组成）去除304不锈钢表面氧化膜,研究了银钎剂对304不锈钢表面氧化膜的去除机理。结果表明,700 ℃时,在钎剂成分中某一成分的单独作用下,K₂B₄O₇和KF不能去除304不锈钢表面氧化膜;在任意2种成分的协同作用下,只有K₂B₄O₇与H₃BO₃的混合物在700 ℃下不能熔化,其余二元混合物均能与钢板表面氧化物反应;自由能（ΔG_m^θ）和反应平衡常数（K^θ）的计算结果显示,钎剂去除氧化膜的主要原因是该过程中钎剂中的F替代氧化物中的O,该反应的平衡常数达到 1.3×10¹⁶⁷,自由能小于零,反应可以进行。XRD结果显示,在2θ=18°位置的峰形发生改变,说明KF被KHF₂替代后,钎剂去除氧化膜的机理发生变化。含有KF和KHF₂的3号钎剂在540 ℃时可以有效去除钢板表面氧化膜,与钎剂的反应产物具有非晶结构特征。     

表面活化Al2O3陶瓷与5005铝合金真空钎焊

采用Al-Si钎料对经过Ag-Cu-Ti粉末活性金属化处理的Al₂O₃陶瓷与5005铝合金进行了真空钎焊,研究了钎焊接头的典型界面组织,分析了钎焊温度对接头界面结构特征及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,接头典型界面结构为5005铝合金/α-Al+θ-Al₂Cu+ξ-Ag₂Al/ξ-Ag₂Al+θ-Al₂Cu+Al₃Ti/Ti₃Cu₃O/Al₂O₃陶瓷. 钎焊过程中,Al-Si钎料与活性元素Ti及铝合金母材发生冶金反应,实现对两侧母材的连接. 随着钎焊温度的升高,陶瓷侧Ti₃Cu₃O活化反应层的厚度逐渐变薄,溶解进钎缝中的Ag和Cu与Al反应加剧,生成ξ-Ag₂Al+θ-Al₂Cu金属间化合物的数量增多,铝合金的晶间渗入明显;随钎焊温度的升高,接头抗剪强度先增加后降低,当钎焊温度为610 ℃时,接头强度最高达到15 MPa.     

Al-Si-Cu-Zn钎料性能研究

采用4种Al-Si-Cu-Zn钎料钎焊纯铝和6063铝合金,研究不同成分钎科的钎焊工艺性能和接头力学性能.试验结果表明:Al55Si10Cu20Zn5钎料熔点最低,固相线为499.5 ℃,液相线为523 ℃,比传统的Al-Si钎料液相线降低了60 ℃左右;Al65Si10Cu20Zn5钎料相对于其他3种Al-Si-Cu-Zn钎料,与QJ201钎剂或QF钎剂匹配,在纯铝和6063铝合金上均具有最佳的润湿性;采用QJ201钎剂,A165S110Cu20Zn5钎料无论在钎焊纯铝还是6063铝合金时,均具有最高的抗剪强度.     

铝合金表面MoS2/Al2O3复合涂层制备及减摩性能研究

铝合金表面减摩涂层设计和制备是改善铝合金构件摩擦性能的关键技术之一。对于目前铝合金结构件易磨损的问题,本研究采用微弧氧化一步法在6063铝合金表面原位合成纳米MoS2,制备具有减摩作用的MoS2/Al2O3复合陶瓷涂层;讨论了硫盐浓度对涂层成分、形貌及摩擦性能的影响,分析了涂层减摩机理。结果表明：通过微弧氧化在6063铝合金表面成功制备出了含有MoS2的自润滑复合陶瓷涂层;涂层的摩擦系数随着硫盐浓度的升高呈现先下降后上升的趋势,当电解液中硫盐浓度为15g/L时涂层的摩擦系数为0.15,较常规微弧氧化涂层降低了76%。涂层中的MoS2分布在涂层的表面和内部,在与摩擦副接触与挤压的作用下形成均匀分布的MoS2润滑膜,表现出良好的减摩性能。     

Reaction mechanism between oxide film on surface of Al-Li alloy and CsF-AlF3 flux

The composition of the oxide fill on the surface of Al-Li alloy was measured after accelerated oxidation at 500 and 540℃ , and the reaction mechanism between CsF-AlF3 flux and the oxide film on the surface of Al-Li alloy was also discussed. The results show that the oxide fill on the surface of Al-Li alloy is mostly composed of Li2CO3 and amorphous Al2O3. The brazing technology for Al-Li alloy is accomplished using the improved CsF-AlF3 flux. The improved flux CsF-AlF3 can effectively remove the oxide film by the way of reacting and/or dissolving the oxide film, of which CsF compound plays an important role in the course of removing the oxide fill. The key step is the generation of HF, which induces and accelerates the reaction of removing oxide fill. The generation of H2O also accelerates the reaction.     

Effect of Al 2 O3 film on weld appearance of stationary electron beam welded aluminum

Aluminum specimens with and without chemically cleaning were welded by electron beam to investigate the effect of、Al ₂ O₃ film on weld appearance. The removal mechanism of Al ₂ O₃ film during vacuum electron beam welding of aluminum was analyzed and the effect of Al ₂ O₃ film on molten pool flow behavior and weld appearance was investigated. The results showed that the weld width of the specimen was enlarged by chemically cleaning. The solid Al ₂ O₃ film transformed into gaseous Al ₂ O via the reaction with liquid aluminum at the temperature higher than 1 350 K was the main reason for the removal of the film. The weld width was narrowed down by the oxide film due to the inhibition of outward flow driven by the surface tension gradient and the drag force between the Al ₂ O₃ film and liquid Al. The weld penetration was reduced in the initial stage and then enhanced in the metastable stage.     

稀土Y2O3对6063Al激光熔覆镍基熔覆层耐磨性的影响

利用激光熔覆技术,在6063铝合金表面制备了添加有不同含量Y₂O₃的Ni60合金熔覆层,并对熔覆层进行了耐磨性试验. 通过分析熔覆层组织、熔覆层表面磨痕形貌、磨损量及摩擦系数,研究Y₂O₃含量对铝合金表面激光熔覆Ni基涂层耐磨性能的影响. 结果表明,添加5%Y₂O₃的Ni60熔覆层组织呈现明显的网状分布的枝晶和细小的等轴晶,稀土Y₂O₃可以改善铝合金表面Ni60熔覆层的组织,促进晶粒细化和成分分布均匀;添加稀土Y₂O₃的Ni60基熔覆层较Ni60熔覆层的磨损面崩损程度减小了,摩擦稳定性得到提高;随着稀土含量提高,熔覆层的磨损量减小,但Y₂O₃含量高于5%时磨损量基本不会大幅变化;5%Y₂O₃+Ni60熔覆层具有良好的磨损形貌、较低的磨损量以及较稳定的摩擦系数,其熔覆层的耐磨性是Ni60熔覆层的6.1倍,是6063Al合金基体耐磨性的20.1倍.     

Reaction behavior between the oxide film of LY12 aluminum alloy and the flux

In this paper, the brazing mechanism of LY12 aluminum alloy at middle range temperature was presented. The CsF-AlF3 non-corrosive flux was utilized to remove the complex oxide film on the surface of LY12 aluminum alloy. The resultsrevealed that the oxide film was removed by the improved CsF-AlF3 flux accompanied with the occurrence of reaction as well as dissolution and the compounds CsF played an important role to remove the oxide film. Actually, the high activity of flux, say,the ability to remove the oxide film, was due to the presence of the compounds, such as NH4F,NH4AlF4 and composite molten salt. The production of HF was the key issue to accelerate the reaction and enhance to eliminate the oxide film by dissolution.It was found that the rare earth element La at small percentage was not enriched at the interface. Moreover, the rare earth fluoride enhanced the dissolution behavior.     

Al2O3p/6061Al复合材料焊接工艺参数的优化及接头组织

通过与基体铝合金的对比试验研究了颗粒增强铝基复合材料Ａｌ２Ｏ３ｐ／６０６１Ａｌ扩散焊各主要工艺参数对接头强度的影响规律,探讨了接头区域微观组织状态对接头强度的影响。结果表明：焊接温度是影响接头强度的主要工艺参数,接头区域存在氧化物及增强相偏聚等缺陷,是造成该种材料焊接性差的主要原因,在此基础上成功实现了颗粒增强铝基复合材料Ａｌ２Ｏ３ｐ／６０６１Ａｌ的扩散连接。     

Microbial Activities’ Influence on Three Kinds of Metal Material Corrosion Behaviors

The corrosion behaviors of copper, 6063 aluminum alloy, and Q235 steel were investigated by open-circuit potential (OCP), anodic polarization curve analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that a small number of translucent rod-shaped bacterial colonies on the copper surface of copper, whereas plenty of rod-shaped microbes colony were detected on the surface of 6063 aluminum material. Moreover, rod-shaped bacteria and mold colonies attached to the surface of Q235 steel. The decrease in the OCP of copper, 6063 aluminum alloy, and Q235 steel led to higher corrosion tendency. EIS analysis showed that bacteria can reduce the value of AC impedance of copper, the polarization resistance, and the surface resistance, thereby accelerating corrosion. Moreover, the polarization resistance of aluminum alloy in bacterial seawater is lower than that in non-bacterial seawater, indicating the existence of bacteria accelerated the corrosion of 6063 aluminum alloy. The adherence of microbes on Q235 steel surface accelerated the dissolution of the surface layer, and then the passive film is replaced by incompact biofilm layer. Q235 steel corrodes faster under the influence of bacteria because the polarization resistance in bacterial seawater is much lower than that in non-bacterial seawater.     

细晶铝锭熔炼的6063铝合金组织与性能研究

细晶铝锭是采用纯铝的电解设备,通过向铝电解槽中添加TiO2,直接电解生产的晶粒细化的铝锭.采用细晶铝锭熔炼6063铝合金,并对其组织性能进行研究,结果表明:细晶铝锭熔炼6063铝合金,由于其电解加钛方式,生产成本低廉;细晶铝锭熔炼的6063铝合金型材,晶粒细小均匀,表面性能及力学性能完全满足GB/T 5237的要求;细晶铝锭、RE(富铈混合稀土)元素联合细化,细晶铝锭、RE、B元素联合细化熔炼的6063铝合金,抗拉强度与添加Al-5Ti-1B熔炼的6063铝合金相当,而伸长率提高20%,并可获得更优异的表面性能.