A study of arc stability of basic electrode in view of uniform design method

In order to develop a basic electrode with low fume and good usability, a uew slag system has been designed after analyzing several basic electrode slag systems. Then in view of uniform design method, arranging the experiment points by it, the influenced laws of the uew system coating compouents on the arc stability had been searched. In the formula, niue coating compouents were taken as independent variables and they were divided into six levels in all twenty-four experiments. The arc stability was taken as function and taken down the data when welding and then put them into the computer to be processed statistically. The analysis results give the mathematical model and trend diagrams between independent variables and the function. They indicate that the effects of many coating compouents on the arc stability are in the mutual form. The mutual effects between CaCO3 and BaF2, BaF2 and BaCO3 , increases the arc stability separately. While the mutual effects between CaF2 and iron powder, the square item of iron powder itself decreases the arc stability separately.     

High temperature oxidation resistance of plasma sprayed NiCrAl＋（ZrO2＋Y2O3） gradated coating on stainless steel surface

The plasma sprayed gradated coating with the bottom layer of NiCrA1 and the top layer of （ZrO2＋Y2O3） was prepared by the plasma spraying technique. The phase structure and morphology of the gradated coating were analyzed by means of X-ray diffractometry （XRD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The high temperature oxidation resistance of the plasma sprayed samples at 800℃ was investigated. The oxidation kinetics curve was obtained. The results show that the thickness of gradated coating is about 410 μm. The plasma sprayed gradated coating on stainless steel surface can improve the high temperature oxidation resistance of stainless steel. The oxidation rate of stainless steel is less than that of plasma sprayed gradated coating. The oxidation film of plasma sprayed sample is very dense and is not easily exfoliated. The dense oxidation film prevents the stainless steel from more oxidation.     

Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of CoCrCuFeNiNb High-Entropy Alloys Coatings

The CoCrCuFeNiNb high-entropy alloys coatings were prepared by using plasma-transferred arc cladding process. The microstructure and electrochemical behaviors of the coating were investigated in detail. The experimental results indicated that the coating consists of a simple fcc solid solution phase and an order（Co Cr）Nb-type Laves phase. The polarization curves, obtained in 1 and 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid solutions, clearly indicated that the general corrosion resistance of the coating at ambient temperature was better than that of 304 stainless steel. The coating displayed a lower corrosion current and lower corrosion rate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that the impedance of the coating was significantly higher than that of the 304 stainless steel.     

HOT DUCTILITY OF 304HC STAINLESS STEEL AND THE MODEL OF RESISTANCE TO DEFORMATION

The ductility map of 304HC stainless was determined by using the Gleeble-1500 dynamic thermal-mechanical simulator. The effect of Cu on the hot ductility of 304HC stainless steel was analyzed and the mathematical model of resistance to deformation was established. The microstructure, inclusion and fracture surface were studied by using the method of micro structure analysis, scanning, energy spectrum and electron microscope. The results show that Cu has effect on the hot ductility, and the hot ductility of 304HC stainless steel decrease with the increase of content of Cu. The deformation temperature also has much effect on the hot ductility, the suitable deformation temperature are 1100-1200℃. The reason of it is that the Cu rich chemical compounds were precipitated from austenite phase during cooling. The Cu rich chemical compounds are brittle substance such as Cu2S, Cu2O and ε-Cu etc.     

Silt Erosion Characteristics of a Cr3C2-NiCr Coating Fabricated by High Velocity Oxy-Fuel （HVOF） Thermal Spray

A Cr3C2-NiCr coating was prepared by high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)thermal spray on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel.Phases and microstructures of the coating were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscopy(OM)and scanning election microscopy(SEM),respectively.The cavitation erosion resistance and silt erosion resistance of the coating were evaluated using a GB/T6383-2009 standard method in two experimental conditions(fresh water and water contained fine silt),compared with the coatings hydro machine material 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel.The coating shows a layered structure and has a significantly higher microhardness(11.97 GPa)than that of the 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel(2.1 GPa),which results in less mass losses both in cavitation erosion and silt erosion experiment.The HVOF coating has a predominant performance in the cavitation erosion and silt erosion resistance.The higher microhardness of the coating is the main cause which results in a less mass losses in the erosion experiments.And the mass loss usually happens at the edges of the pores.     

Effect of electrode morphology on steel/aluminum alloy joint

Microstructure characteristics of dissimilar-metal resistance spot welded joints of SUS301 L austenitic stainless steel and 6063-T6 aluminum alloy, and effects of electrode morphology were studied. Results indicated that welded joints of dissimilar materials between austenitic stainless steel and aluminum alloy had characteristics of welding-brazing. The aluminum nugget consisted mainly of the cellular crystal, cellular dendrites and dendrites. The interface between austenitic stainless steel and aluminum alloy had a two-layered structures:a flat front surface θ-Fe_2Al_5 on the steel side and a serrated morphology θ-FeAl_3 on the aluminium alloy side, and it was the weakest zone of the joints. The electrode morphology had great effects on spot welded joints of stainless steel and aluminum alloy. The custom electrodes were a planar circular tip electrode with tip diameter of 10 mm on the stainless steel side and a spherical tip electrode with spherical radius of 35 mm on the aluminum alloy side. When the custom electrodes were used, the nugget diameter, tensile shear load and indentation ratio of spot welded joint were 7.22 mm, 3 606 N and 10.71%, respectively. The nugget diameter and joint tensile shear load increased by 34% and 102% respectively, and the indentation ratio decreased by 65% compared with the F-type electrodes(nugget diameter: 5.384 mm, tensile-shear load 1 783 N, indentation rate 30.94%). Therefore, it was more favorable to use the custom electrodes for improving the mechanical properties and appearance quality of resistance spot welded joints of stainless steel and aluminum alloy.     

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Laser Cladded Co-based Superalloy Coating

Co-based superalloy coating was prepared on the stainless steel surface by laser cladding.The microstructure,phase constitutes and worn surface morphology of the coating were characterized by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM)with energy dispersive spectrum(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The ambient temperature sliding friction and wear property of the coating was also tested.The experiments results showed that:the microstructures of the Co-based superalloy coating are"cellular crystal-coarse dendrite-tiny dendrite"in turn from bottom to surface,which consists ofγ-Co solid solution,Fe2Mo and Co7Mo6.The average micro-hardness of the laser cladding is 632 HV,which is 2 times higher than that of 304 stainless steel matrix.The ambient temperature sliding friction and wear property of the laser cladding is about 1～1.5 times in contrast to that of 304 stainless steel matrix.The better wear resistance of the coating is contributed to solution strengthening of Mo,as well as dispersion strengthening of Fe2Mo and Co7Mo6 hard phases.The failure mechanisms of the coating are pitting fatigue abrasion and grain-abrasion.     

Effects of electrode immersion depth and remelting rate on electroslag remelting process

In the electroslag remelting process, the electrode molten state is a critical factor determining the ingot quality, while the electrode immersion depth and melting rate are key factors for the stability of the electroslag re-melting process. Studies were carried out to investigate the microscopic and macroscopic effects of electrode immersion depth and melting rate on the potential distribution and heat density in the slag bath, and on the depth and shape of the molten bath. Based on the finite element method and the numerical solution method, the effect of the electrode immersion depth on the slag bath heat density was researched; the relationship between the electrode immersion depth and the slag resistance was obtained; and the unsteady-state model of the solidification process of the re-melting ingot was solved using the finite difference method. The mathematical model and physical model of the electrode melting process were established and solved; and the corresponding curves between the electrode molten-state and slag-bath physical parameters were obtained. The experimental results verified the simulated results studied in this paper.     

Fabrication of the Coatings for the High-temperature Oxidation Resistance on Hydrogen Resistance Steel

Alumina coating is used to improve the performance of high-temperature oxidation resistance,which can be fabricated on the surface of hydrogen resistance steel by two methods,thermal oxidation of arc ion plated Al coating and reactive magnetron sputtering.Elemental composition,structures and surface morphologies of the coating were analyzed and compared in this paper.The surface of the coatings,which was made by the first method,was composed of α-Al2O3 phase and internal was Fe-Al alloy phase.The Alumina coatings made by the second method were amorphous.In addition,appearances of Alumina coatings fabricated by these two methods were quit different,which were grey and transparent respectively.Both of the two kinds of coatings meet to the needs of high-temperature oxidation resistance.     

Corrosion resistance,composition and structure of RE chemical conversion coating on magnesium alloy

Golden yellow rare earths chemical conversion coating was obtained on the surface of magnesium alloy by immersing in cerium sulfate solution.The corrosion resistance of RE conversion coating was evaluated using inmersion test and potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 3.5%NaCl solution.The morphologies of samples before corrosion and after corrosion were observed by SEM.The structures and compositions of the RE conversion coating were studied by means of XPS,XRD and IR.The results show that,the con...     

Quantitative relations between blowhole and coating components of stainless steel electrode

0IntroductionThrough the effortof more than20 years, the usabilityof stainless steel electrode has gained great success in ourcountry. However compared with famous brand products a-broad, we have a long way to go[1 -2]. Sometimes the elec-trode coating changes into red and crack, blowholes comeout, and slag detachability isn’t well while welding.The blowholes in stainless steel electrode are mainlycarried by hydrogen. So they are related with the origin ofhydrogen, melting point and viscosit…     

高效低碳钢芯(H08A)奥氏体不锈钢焊条优化及研制

采用H0 8A焊芯通过药皮过渡合金元素 ,成功地研制出了高效低碳钢芯 (H0 8A)奥氏体不锈钢焊条 ,可代替A10 2焊条 ,分析了不锈钢焊条药皮中影响焊缝气孔生成率的因素及各因素对气孔率的影响规律 ,研究表明焊条药皮中加入氧化铁红 (Fe2 O3)增加焊缝气孔率 ,随焊条药皮中大理石、萤石含量的增加 ,焊缝金属气孔率随之降低。利用计算机辅助设计的方法对焊条药皮配方进行了一次回归正交设计 ,设计及计算出了最优的焊条配方。试验证明 ,该焊条的各项指标均满足了GB 983 - 95标准 ,焊条的焊接工艺性优良     

环保型碱性低氢焊条多项指标的并行优化

分析了多种国内外碱性焊条药皮渣系,设计了CaO-CaF2-BaO-TiO2-SiO2渣系.用均匀设计的思想方法和计算机软件来安排试验.选定9～11种药皮组分作为自变量,并把每个自变量分成五个水平,共做了29个焊条小样.把焊条交流稳弧性、飞溅、焊缝成形、脱渣、焊接发尘量和熔赋效率这六个指标作为目标函数,利用数理统计软件分...     

Y12Cr13易切削不锈钢气孔缺陷分析及工艺改进措施

针对高S Y12Cr13易切削不锈钢连铸方坯产生的气孔缺陷,采用低倍检验、扫描电镜对缺陷处进行检测分析。通过理论计算以及相关验证试验,分析钢液中N2、H2、CO气体与气孔缺陷相关性,采用排除法最终确定具体原因。综合分析试验结果表明：Y12Cr13不锈钢连铸方坯气孔缺陷是由于钢液中发生C-O反应生成CO气泡所致,采取降低钢液中游离O质量分数的工艺改进措施可有效减少连铸方坯的气孔缺陷。     

304不锈钢TIG熔覆钴合金涂层的耐空蚀性能

采用TIG（钨极惰性气体保护焊）熔覆方法,在304不锈钢表面制成了钴合金涂层,以目前水轮机过流部件常用材料304不锈钢作为对比材料,对涂层和304不锈钢基体进行了空蚀试验.通过光学显微镜（OM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）及显微硬度测量等手段研究了涂层的组织形态和耐空蚀性能并分析了原因.结果表明,显微硬...     

Dilution and Ferrite Number Prediction in Pulsed Current Cladding of Super-Duplex Stainless Steel Using RSM

Super-duplex stainless steels have an excellent combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at relatively low temperatures and can be used as a coating to improve the corrosion and wear resistance of low carbon and low alloy steels. Such coatings can be produced using weld cladding. In this study, pulsed current gas tungsten arc cladding process was utilized to deposit super-duplex stainless steel on high strength low alloy steel substrates. In such claddings, it is essential to understand how the dilution affects the composition and ferrite number of super-duplex stainless steel layer in order to be able to estimate its corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. In the current study, the effect of pulsed current gas tungsten arc cladding process parameters on the dilution and ferrite number of super-duplex stainless steel clad layer was investigated by applying response surface methodology. The validity of the proposed models was investigated by using quadratic regression models and analysis of variance. The results showed an inverse relationship between dilution and ferrite number. They also showed that increasing the heat input decreases the ferrite number. The proposed mathematical models are useful for predicting and controlling the ferrite number within an acceptable range for super-duplex stainless steel cladding.     

钛钙型(16)与钛酸型(17)不锈钢焊条的区别

对比不锈钢焊条钛钙型（１６）与钛酸型（１７）在焊接工艺性能及特性等方面的差异,指出发展和应用钛酸型不锈钢焊条,将会促进我国不锈钢焊条质量水平的提高。     

环保型碱性低氢焊条的交流稳弧性

分析了多种国内外碱性焊条药皮渣系,设计了CaO-CaF2-BaO-TiO2-SiO2渣系.用均匀设计的思想方法和计算机软件来安排试验.选定9～11种药皮组分作为自变量,并把每个自变量分成5个水平,共做了29个焊条小样.把交流稳弧性能作为目标函数,利用数理统计软件分析该指标数据.得出了多种药皮组分对焊条交流稳弧性能指标的...     

苯酚及其衍生物的电化学聚合及耐蚀性能

以Na_2CO_3为介质,利用电化学循环伏安法在不锈钢表面上电聚合沉积聚苯酚及聚邻苯二酚、聚邻氨基酚等聚合物膜,并采用阳极极化曲线法初步评估这些聚合物膜对不锈钢腐蚀的防护作用。试验所得聚合物膜呈棕色,均匀致密,与不锈钢基体的结合较好,在氯化钠溶液中的电化学测试表明,聚苯酚及其衍生物薄膜均能有效地提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性。