横向交流磁场频率对堆焊金属组织及性能的影响

在镍基堆焊合金等离子弧堆焊过程中引入横向交流脉冲磁场,研究了横向交流脉冲磁场频率对等离子弧堆焊层金属组织及性能的影响,并利用光学金相、x射线衍射、显微硬度和湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验等方法,系统分析了不同脉冲磁场频率作用下堆焊试样的硬度、耐磨性及组织.结果表明,外加横向交流脉冲磁场可以有效改善堆焊层金属的结晶形态,细化晶粒,在适当的脉冲磁场频率作用下,可以获得最佳的电磁搅拌效果,增加堆焊层金属中硬质相的数量,控制硬质相的生长方向,提高等离子弧堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性.

Abstract：

The nickel-base alloy was deposited on the low carbon steel by plasma arc surfacing with transverse magnetic field. The influence of transverse alternative pulsed magnetic field frequency on microstrueture and properties of plasma arc surfacing layer was researched. The hardness, wear resistance and micmstructure of surfacing layer at different pulsed magnetic field currents were systematically analyzed by optical electronic microscope, wear test and microscopic hardness test. The results indicated that the transverse alternative pulsed magnetic field can effectively improve the crystal shape in plasma arc surfacing layer and refine crystal grain. With the proper pulsed magnetic field frequency, the optimum effete of electromagnetic stirring can be obtained, the amount of hardening phase in overlay deposit is increased, the growth direction of hardening phase can be controlled and the hardness and wear resistance of the surfacing overlay are improved.     

磁场作用下堆焊速度对堆焊层组织性能的影响

在铁基合金碳弧堆焊过程中加入直流横向磁场。通过外加磁场对电弧、熔池的相互作用,细化堆焊层金属的组织,控制硬质相的形态及分布,进而提高堆焊层的综合力学性能。通过对堆焊层进行硬度﹑磨损试验以及显微组织分析,研究堆焊速度、磁场强度对堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性的影响规律。结果表明,堆焊速度应与磁场电流配合,才能使堆焊层的性能得到充分改善;当堆焊速度为12cm/min,磁场电流为3A时,堆焊层的硬度最高,为HRC54.4;磨损量最小,为0.0335g。     

Effects of electromagnetic stirring on surfacing layers during submerged arc cladding

A longitudinal magnetic field was introduced to submerged arc cladding （SAC）. Electromagnetic stirring was caused by the interaction between arc plasma and external magnetic field. The grain size was refined and the average hardness was improved. On the base of a group of optimized parameters calculated by orthogonal optimization, some tests were made to study the effects of electromagnetic stirring on hardness and grain size of surfacing layers. It was confirmed that the solidification made of liquid metal could be improved by electromagnetic stirring and hardness and grain size of surfacing layers could be improved.     

Numerical simulation of effects of cusp magnetic field on oxygen concentration of 300 mm CZ-Si

In magnetic Czochralski (MCZ) silicon growth,the distance and diameter of the electrified coils may affect the magnetic field intensity and melt flow.By changing the above parameters,the optimum geometric configuration of the coils was attempted.Through analyses of the oxygen concentration distribution o f the crystal/melt interface,axial and radial velocity distribution of melt and the magnetic field intensity in the melt,it is found that smaller diameter of coils contributes to reducing the needed current intensity and production costs.For a given current intensity,there is a best distance of coils when the oxygen concentration at crystal/melt interface reaches the lowest.     

高耐磨药芯焊丝堆焊组织及基体选择

制备了高铬铸铁型自保护药芯焊丝,并采用此焊丝分别在 Y-Ni4 铸铁、65Mn钢、40Cr 钢和灰口铸铁基体上进行堆焊.对不同堆焊试样进行硬度测试,对堆焊金属及其结合部位进行显微组织及断口形貌观察.结果表明,堆焊金属硬度在 60HRC 以上,断裂方式均为解理断裂.65Mn 钢堆焊试样熔合较好,且基本无裂纹,可在受冲击载荷较大的条件下使用;Y-Ni4 铸铁堆焊试样熔合良好,但在热影响区存在裂纹,应在冲击载荷较小或不受冲击载荷条件下使用;40Cr 和灰铸铁堆焊试样熔合不好,熔合区存在许多缺陷,不宜作为耐磨堆焊基体材料.

Abstract：

Four matrix materials, Y-Ni4 cast iron, 65Mn steel, 40Cr steel and grey cast iron, were hardfaced by the high chromium cast iron of self-shielded flux-cored wire separately. The hardness of different hardfacing specimens was measured, and the microstructures, fracture morphologies and the binding sites of different hardfacing specimens were observed. The results show that the hardness of the hardfacing metal is over 60 HRC and the fracture is of cleavage type. The fusion zones of 65Mn and Y-Ni4 hardfacing metal are good ones. However, the cracks can be observed in the heat-affected zone of Y-Ni4 hardfacing specimen. Therefore, the hardfacing metal of 65Mn steel is suitable for the condition of high stress wear and Y-Ni4 cast iron is suitable for the lower one. Besides, there are many defects in the fusion zone of 40Cr and grey cast iron hardfacing specimens, which are not suitable for the wear resistant matrix materials.     

Effect of excitation current intensity on mechanical properties of ZL205A castings solidified under a traveling magnetic field

The effect of excitation current intensity on the mechanical properties of ZL205 A castings solidified under a traveling magnetic field was studied. The results of the experiment indicate that the excitation current intensity of the traveling magnetic field has a great influence on the mechanical properties of the ZL205 A castings. When the excitation current intensity is 15 A, the tensile strength and elongation of ZL205 A alloy castings increase 27.2% and 67.7%, respectively, compared with those of the same alloy solidified under gravity. The improvement of mechanical properties is attributed to the decrease of micro-porosity in the alloy. Under the traveling magnetic field, the feeding pressure in the alloy melt before solidification can be enhanced due to the electromagnetic force. Moreover, the melt flow induced by the traveling magnetic field can decrease the temperature gradient. The feeding resistance will be increased because the temperature gradient decrease. So traveling magnetic field has an optimum effect on feeding.     

Properties and structure of RE-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating prepared by impulse electrodeposition

The properties and structure of electrodeposited RE （CeO2）-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating were investigated. The results show that the hardness and electrodepositing speed of composite coatings obtained at an impulse current are higher than those at a direct current. The hardness and wear resistance of the coating are obviously increased by adding RE and SiC. The hardness of the coating increases with the increase of treatment temperature and current density, and reaches the optimum value at 400 ℃ and at 10 A/dm^2, respectively. The optimum operation parameters of electrodeposition of the composite coating are as follows： pH value is 4.5, bath temperature is 65 ℃, and current density is 10 A/dm^2.     

氮强化自保护药芯焊丝氮含量及性能分析

以超低碳氮强化00Cr13Ni4MoN系自保护焊丝为研制对象,在保持其它堆焊工艺参数不变的情况下,分别改变堆焊层数,焊道层温,堆焊速度,电流电压四个工艺参数,研究各自改变对堆焊熔敷金属表面含氮量、硬度及显微组织的影响.结果表明,对依赖从空气中过渡N元素强化的00Cr13Ni4MoN系自保护药芯焊丝的堆焊熔敷金属,焊接工艺对N元素吸收和逸出行为影响很大,堆焊工艺变化会引起熔敷金属中氮含量明显改变,并导致力学性能有显著差异;在利用明弧堆焊连铸辊时,必须充分考虑工艺参数对熔敷金属成分、组织及力学性能造成的影响.

Abstract：

Using the self-shielded fluxed-cored wires of deposited metal with 00Cr13Ni4Mo, the number of layer, the welding temperature, welding velocity, current and voltage are, the other welding parameters are hold the line. The different changing solely content of nitrogen, the metallographic structure and hardness were studied. The results show that the welding parameters have greatly effect on the content of nitrogen, the metallographic structure and hardness. In repairing the continute rollers, welding parameters must be carefully considered especially for the open arc welding process.     

外加磁场对碳弧堆焊层组织及性能的影响

采用碳弧堆焊方法对Cr-B-Ni-V系铁基合金堆焊时加入直流横向磁场,来细化堆焊层金属的组织,控制硬质相的形态及分布.通过对堆焊层进行硬度、磨损试验和显微组织的分析,得出了磁场强度对堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性的影响规律.结果表明,施加磁场比未施加磁场的堆焊层硬度高,耐磨性好;磁场参数与堆焊工艺参数相匹配时,堆焊层的性能达到最佳,即磁场电流3 A,堆焊电流180 A,堆焊速度12 cm/min时,堆焊层硬度最高,耐磨性最好,此时堆焊层中硬质相细小、分布均匀,且呈"六角形",方向一致.     

Numerical analysis of external magnetic field for mitigating backward flow momentum in weld pool

The external magnetic field is applied to mitigating backward flow jet of molten metal in weld pool so that humping bead may be suppressed during high speed gas metal arc welding（GMAW）. Therefore, the external magnetic field distribution in workpiece is critical to understand the interaction mechanisms of the external magnetic field with molten metal flow. In this study, the steady state external magnetic field induced by excitation device is numerically analyzed by using the the finite element software ANSYS and the three dimensional static magnetic scalar method. The distribution of external transverse magnetic field By in workpiece and arc area is calculated, and the influence of excitation current and air-gap distance on the distribution of transverse magnetic field By has been discussed. The magnetic field distribution in workpiece is measured by using a Tesla-Meter and compared with the simulated result. It is found that both are in good agreement.     

Influence of magnetic field on microstructure and properties of Ni60 plasma surfacing layer

0IntroductionWear is a main failure mode for many engineeringcomponents.Many surface treating technologies have beendeveloped in order to enhance wear resistance of materi-als[1].Plasma surfacing technology is of the greatest appli-cation potential due to…     

金属基陶瓷复合等离子弧堆焊层组织与耐磨性能

等离子弧堆焊镍基钴基合金粉末时外加纵向磁场,对两种合金陶瓷复合堆 焊层进行硬度和磨损试验及显微组织分析.结果表明,施加磁场时的堆焊层性能比无 磁场作用的堆焊层性能高.钴基合金的最佳焊接电流和磁场电流分别为160 A和3 A. 此时堆焊层组织晶粒细化效果最明显;而镍基合金为140 A和1 A,此时堆焊层Cr7G3截 面的六角形陶瓷硬质相数量最多且均匀分布,说明Cr7G3硬质相的轴向平行方向一致, 因而硬度和耐磨性最好.随着磁场电流的继续增大,由于电磁阻尼占主导地位,这两种 合金的性能均下降.     

直流横向磁场作用下钴基合金的组织及性能

为了提高堆焊层的性能,研究直流横向磁场对等离子弧堆焊层的组织和性能的影响.在低碳钢表面进行钴基合金粉末等离子弧堆焊时施加直流横向磁场,焊后对堆焊层进行硬度、磨损、显微组织以及X射线衍射分析,并系统地分析直流横向磁场对等离子堆焊层硬度和耐磨性的影响规律.结果表明,施加磁场时堆焊层性能比无磁场时堆焊层性能好.当堆焊电流为1...     

磁场作用下镍基等离子弧堆焊层的组织及耐磨性能

采用等离子弧堆焊设备将镍基合金粉末堆焊到低碳钢表面的过程中施加直流横向磁场,此后对堆焊层进行硬度、磨损和金相试验以及EDS,XRD分析,并系统地研究直流横向磁场对镍基粉末等离子弧堆焊层组织及耐磨性能、硬质相形态及数量的影响规律,对直流横向磁场的作用机理进行了初步的分析和讨论.结果表明,堆焊电流和磁场电流相匹配,即堆焊电流为140 A和磁场电流为2 A时,堆焊层才能获得最佳的性能,此时堆焊层的硬度为66.3 HRC,磨损量为0.0767 g,并且堆焊层组织中硬质相数量最多且分布均匀,从而增强了堆焊层金属的综合力学性能.     

电磁搅拌对堆焊层金属组织及性能的影响

对低碳钢表面进行等离子弧堆焊时外加间歇交变纵向磁场,研究了电磁搅拌对堆焊层金属组织及性能的影响,并利用光学金相、X射线衍射、显微硬度和湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验等手段对试样进行测试分析.研究发现,随着磁场参数的增强,堆焊层中硬质相的数目随之增加,且均匀分布于堆焊层的表面,堆焊层金属的耐磨性也随之增强;当磁场电流为3 A,磁场频率为10Hz时,堆焊层金属的性能达到最佳状态.结果表明,在适当的电磁参数作用下,堆焊层金属才能获得最佳的细化效果;而且电磁搅拌可以控制堆焊层表面中硬质相的形态,使其由长条状和六方块状的混合形态逐渐转变为较规则、均匀的六方块状,从而进一步提高堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性.     

间歇交变磁场频率对堆焊金属组织及性能的影响

为了研究间歇交变磁场频率对堆焊层金属组织及性能影响,对低碳钢表面进行等离子弧堆焊时外加间歇交变纵向磁场,并利用光学金相、X射线衍射、显微硬度和湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验等方法系统分析了不同磁场频率对等离子弧堆焊试件的影响.结果表明:适当的交变磁场频率能有效地增加堆焊金属中硬质相的数量,控制硬质相的生长方向,提高堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性,从而进一步获得最佳的电磁搅拌效果.     

磁场形态对等离子弧堆焊层组织性能的影响

在低碳钢表面进行Fe5自熔合金等离子弧堆焊时外加纵向磁场,并改变磁场形态,对不同磁场参数下堆焊试样进行硬度和磨损试验.采用显微电镜和扫描电镜对堆焊层显微组织进行分析,研究磁场形态和参数对堆焊层组织性能的影响规律和作用机理.结果表明,交、直流纵向磁场均可以改善堆焊层的组织性能,由于交流纵向磁场中频率可调,增加了磁场的可控性,对堆焊层组织性能的作用效果比直流纵向磁场更明显.在焊接电流为160A,磁场电流为3A,磁场频率为10Hz时,堆焊层金属性能达到最佳值,此时硬度为68HRC,磨损量为0.0318g.     

磁场参数对堆焊层组织性能的影响

对低碳钢表面进行Fe5,Fe3和钴基合金粉末等离子弧堆焊时外加纵向直流磁场,研究了电磁搅拌对堆焊层金属组织及性能的影响,并利用光学金相、宏观硬度检验等手段对试样进行测试分析,系统地分析了磁场强度对三种合金堆焊层硬度和耐磨性的影响规律.结果表明,在适当的磁场参数作用下,堆焊层金属可以获得最佳的细化效果,从而改善堆焊层金属的硬度和耐磨性;而且在堆焊不同的合金粉末时,发现最佳电磁搅拌作用下的磁场强度大小趋于定值.     

横向交流脉冲磁场对堆焊金属组织及性能的影响

通过在低碳钢表面进行等离子弧堆焊时外加交流脉冲横向磁场,研究了交流脉冲磁场对镍基自熔合金组织及性能的影响,并利用光学金相、X射线衍射、显微硬度和湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验等方法,系统分析了不同脉冲磁场电流、占空比作用下的堆焊试样的硬度、耐磨性及组织.结果表明,外加横向交流脉冲磁场可以有效改善堆焊层金属的结晶形态,细化晶粒,在适当的脉冲磁场电流、占空比作用下,可以获得最佳的电磁搅拌效果,增加堆焊层金属中硬质相的数量,控制硬质相的生长方向,提高等离子弧堆焊层的硬度和耐磨性.