陶瓷/AgCuTi/不锈钢钎焊连接界面组织与结构

采用Ag-Cu-Ti钎料对日用陶瓷与1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢进行了钎焊连接.用扫描电镜、能谱仪以及X射线衍射仪对接头的微观组织形貌、特征点的成分以及钎焊接头的物相等进行了分析研究.结果表明,接头界面处形成了多种化合物,包括TiO,TiSi_2,Ti_5Si_3和Fe_2Ti.当温度为850℃,保温时间为5 min时,接头界面结构为1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢/Fe_2Ti/Ag[s,s]+Cu[s,s]+Fe_2TiO+Ti_5Si_3+TiSi_2/陶瓷.当钎焊温度较高或保温时间较长时,界面反应层厚度增加,界面中基体相Ag[s,s],Cu[s,s]所占比例显著减小.

Abstract：

Domestic ceramics and lCrl8Ni9Ti stainless steel were brazed using Ag-Cu-Ti filler metal. Microstructure, the component of characteristic points and the phases of brazing joints were studied by scanning electronic microscopy ( SEM) , energy distribution spectrometer (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that several kinds of intermetallics such as TiO_2, TiO, TiSi_2 , Ti_5 Si_3 and Fe_2 Ti were formed. The interfacial structure of joints is 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel/Fez Ti/Ag[ s, s] + Cu[s,s] + Fe_2Ti/TiO_2 + TiO + Ti_5Si_3 + TiSi_2/ceramics when brazing temperature and time are 850 ℃ and 5min, respectively. The depth of interfacial reactive layer increases and the ratio of matrix phase Ag [ s, s ], Cu [ s, s ] which are in the middle of interface reduces evidently as brazing temperature is very high or holding time is very long.     

Microstructure and properties of the joints of ZrO_2 ceramic/stainless steel brazed in vacuum with AgCuTi active filler metal

The ZrO_2 ceramic was successfully jointed to stainless steel by vacuum brazing with active filler metal. The AgCuTi active filler metal was used and the joining was performed at a temperature of 850 ℃ for 10 min. The microstructures of the joints were characterized by metallographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy( SEM),and energy dispersive spectroscopy( EDS).Metallographic microscopy analysis shows that the morphology of the cross section was a sandwich structure and the Ti O is observed in the surface of ZrO_2/stainless steel. The diffusion and enrichment of the elements are the key roles in the brazing of ZrO_2 ceramic and stainless steel. The formation of TiCu compounds inhibited the further diffusion of titanium into stainless steel or the ZrO_2 ceramic to form TiO compound. In the experimental conditions,the average tensile strength is 80 MPa for the joint of ZrO_2 ceramic/Ag Cu Ti/stainless steel systems. A complete joint is formed between the ZrO2 ceramic and stainless steel with the leakage rate at the degree of 10~(-12) Pa·m~3/s.     

铝合金/铜/不锈钢接触反应钎焊及晶界渗透行为分析

在AI/Cu接触反应钎焊接头中易出现晶界渗透.为此,通过6063铝合金,镀铜层/1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的接触反应钎焊获得晶界渗透形貌,并对晶界渗透机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明,Al/Cu之间的晶界渗透现象十分显著,在接触反应钎焊温度为570℃,保温时间为60 min时,晶界渗透深度达到了200μm左右;原子向晶界扩散是产生晶界渗透的必要条件,但不是充分条件,产生晶界渗透的关键因素在于晶界与基体原子互扩散通量不等,促使空位向晶界迁移,大量空位向晶界迁移的结果造成晶界出现极其微小的沟槽直至产生细微裂纹,在毛细管力作用下,共晶液相被吸入显微沟槽,从而形成晶界渗透;1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢一侧界面反应层由Fe-Al金属间化合物构成,与之相邻区域主要含Cu-Al金属间化合物,焊缝组织由Al-Cu共晶及大块状铝的固溶体组成.

Abstract：

Grain boundary penetration behavior occurs easily in the AI/Cu contact reactive brazing. In this paper, the mechanisms of formation and evolution of grain boundary penetration were investigated when contact reactive brazing between 6063 Al Alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel was conducted using Cu as interlayer. The results show that the grain boundary penetration phenomenon is prominent. Grain boundary penetration depth was up to 200 μm when the brazing temperature was 570℃ and holding time was 60 min. The diffusion of atom into grain boundary was not sufficient but necessary for forming of grain boundary penetration. The key factor to induce grain boundary penetration was non-equilibrium diffusion of atom between the grain boundary and base metal, which led to crystal lattice expanding, and promoted the vacancy transferring into grain boundary, and resulted in a thin groove. And then, microcracks were formed in the grain boundaries, the eutectic liquid was sucked into the groove by capillary force, and finally grain boundary penetration was created. The interface reactive layer consisted of FeAl intermetallics (IMCs) in the side of ICr18Ni9Ti, the adjacent zone was Cu-Al IMCs, welded seam zone was composed of Al-Cu eutectic structure and large blocked Al sohd solution.     

SiO2玻璃陶瓷与TC4钛合金的活性钎焊

分别采用活性钎料AgCuTi和TiZrNiCu对SiO2陶瓷和TC4钛合金进行了钎焊连接,使用扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段对接头的界面组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,采用两种钎料均能够实现对SiO2陶瓷和TC4钛合金的连接;SiO2/TiZrNiCu/TC4接头的典型界面为SiO2/Ti2O+Zr3Si2+Ti5Si3/(Ti,Zr)+Ti2O+TiZrNiCu/Ti基固溶体/TiZr-NiCu+Ti基固溶体+Ti2(Cu,Ni)/TC4;SiO2,AgCuTi/TC4接头的典型界面为SiO2/TiSi2+Ti4O7/TiCu+Cu2Ti4 O/Ag基固溶体+Cu基固溶体/TiCu/Ti2Cu/Ti+Ti2 Cu/TC4.当钎焊温度为880℃和保温时间为5 min时,SiO2/TiZrNiCu/TC4接头的最高抗剪强度为23 MPa;当钎焊温度为900℃和保温时间为5 min时,SiO2/AgCuTi/TC4接头的最高抗剪强度为27MPa.     

EFFECT OF BRAZING TIME ON TiC CERMET／IRON JOINT BRAZED WITH Ag-Cu-Zn FILLER METAL

The brazing of TiC cermet to iron was carried out at 1223K for 5-20min using Ag-Cu-Zn filler metal.The formation phase and interface structure of the joints were investigated by electron probe microanalysis(EPMA).scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).and the joint strength was tested by shearing method.The results showed:there occurred three new formation phases,Cu(s.s),FeNi and Ag(s.s) in TiC cermet/iron joint.The interface structure was expressed as TiC cermet/Cu(s.s) FeNi(Ag(s.s) a little Cu(s.s) a little FeNi/Cu(s.s) FeNi/iron.With brazing time increasing,there appeared highest shear strength of the joints.the value of which was up to 252.2MPa when brazing time was 10min.     

Bonding of Al2O3 ceramic and Nb using transient liquid phase brazing

The brazing of Al2O3 to Nb was achieved by the method of transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. Ti foil and Ni-5V alloy foil were used as interlayers for the bonding. The base materials were brazed at 1423-1573 K for 1-120 min. The results show that the shear strength of the joint first increases and then decreases with increasing holding time and brazing temperature. The joint interface microstructure and elements distribution were investigated. It can be concluded that a composite structure, in which the base metals are solid solution Nb(V) and Nb(Ti) reinforced by Ni3Ti, is formed when the brazing temperature is 1473 K and holding time 15 min, and a satisfactory joint strength can be achieved. The interaction of Ti foil and Ni-5V foil leads to the formation of liquid eutectic phase with low melting point, at the same time the combination of Ti come from the interlayer with O atoms from Al2O3 results in the bonding of Al2O3 and Nb.     

Ag-Cu+WC复合钎料钎焊ZrO2陶瓷和TC4合金

采用新型Ag-Cu+WC复合钎料进行ZrO₂陶瓷和TC4合金钎焊连接,探究了接头界面组织及形成机制,分析了钎焊温度对接头界面结构和力学性能的影响. 结果表明,接头界面典型结构为ZrO₂/TiO+Cu₃Ti₃O/TiCu+TiC+W+Ag_(s,s)+Cu_(s,s)/TiCu₂/TiCu/Ti₂Cu/TC4. 钎焊过程中,WC颗粒与Ti发生反应,原位生成TiC和W增强相,为Ti-Cu金属间化合物、Ag基和Cu基固溶体提供了形核质点,同时抑制了脆性Ti-Cu金属间化合物的生长,优化了接头的微观组织和力学性能. 随钎焊温度的升高,接头反应层的厚度逐渐增加,WC颗粒与Ti的反应程度增强. 当钎焊温度890 ℃、保温10 min时,复合钎料所得接头抗剪强度达到最高值82.1 MPa,对比Ag-Cu钎料所得接头抗剪强度提高了57.3%.     

Comparative Study on Solid-State and Metastable Liquid-State Aging for SAC305/Cu Joints

In order to study the in?uence of the physical state of solder on the interfacial reaction of dip-soldered Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/Cu system, two kinds of experiments were designed, including:(1) solid-state aging between the solder and Cu substrate;(2)liquid-state aging between the metastable supercooled liquid-state solder and Cu substrate. The aging times were 30, 60,120 and 180 min, respectively, and the aging temperature was 8 ℃ lower than the melting point of the Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu(SAC305) alloy(217 ℃). The experimental data revealed that the physical state of the solder obviously affected the formation of the intermetallic compound(IMC), and resulted in the difference in the diffusion of atoms on the interface between the SAC305 solder and Cu substrate. The IMC interface after aging for 30 min presents unique characteristics compared with that of the sample after dip soldering. The IMC interface of solid-state aged SAC305/Cu couple is relatively planar, while the IMC interface under metastable supercooled liquid-state aging conditions presents scallop-like shape.     

Microstructure and strength of brazed joints of TiB2 cermet to TiAl-based alloys

In this study, TiB2 cermet and TiAl-based alloy are vacuum brazed successfully by using Ag-Cu-Ti filler metal.The microstructural analyses indicate that two reaction products, Ti ( Cu, Al ) 2 and Ag bused solid solution ( Ag ( s. s ) ) , are present in the brazing seam, and the iuterface structure of the brazed joint is TiB2/TiB2 Ag ( s. s ) /Ag ( s. s ) Ti ( Cu,Al)2/Ti( Cu, Al)2/TiAl. The experimental results show that the shear strength of the brazed TiB2/TiAl joints decreases us thebrazing time increases at a definite brazing temperature. When the joint is brazed at 1 223 K for 5 min, a joint strength up to 173 MPa is achieved.     

Diddusion bonding of titanium alloy to tin-bronze

The vacuum diffusion bonding of titanium alloy to tin-bronze has been studied and the feasibility and appropriate processing parameters have been investigated.The maximum tensile strength of the joints is 168MPa,and a firm joint is obtained.The microstructure of diffusion bonded joint has been observed by SEM.X-ray and EPMA,and the main factors affecting diffusion bonding have been analyzed.The intermetallic compounds Ti2Cu and TiCu were formed near the interface.The width and quantity of the intermetallic compound increases with the increase of the bonding time.The formation of the intermetallic compounds results in embrittlement of the joint and the poor joint properties.     

TC4／Ag-Cu—Ti／1Cr18Ni9Ti钎焊接头界面组织与结构

以Ag—Cu—Ti箔状钎料对钛合金TCA和不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti进行了真空钎焊。采用扫描电镜、能谱分析、金相显微镜和x一射线衍射等分析测试手段对钎焊过程中所形成的反应产物和接头界面结构进行了分析。结果表明：接头界面形成了Ti（s．s）、AS（s．s）、Ti—Cu金属问化合物等反应产物。连接温度较低（920℃）时,界面结构依次为1Cr18Ni9Ti／TiCu／Ag（s．s）＋少量Ti2cu／％2cu／Ti2cu＋Ti（s．s）／TC4;连接温度升高（960oC）时,界面结构为1Crl8Ni9Ti／Ti：Cu／Ti：Cu＋矩（s．s）／Ti2Cu／Ti2Cu＋Ti（s．s）／TCA;连接温度较高（1000oC）时,界面结构为1Crl8Ni9Ti／TiCu2／TiCu／Ti2Cu／Ti：Cu＋Ti（s．s）／TC4。提高钎焊温度与延长保温时间对钎焊接头界面组织结构有相似的影响,各反应相、反应层逐渐长大,金属问化合物反应相所占比例增大,而Ag（s．s）组织所占的比例变得更小,这种趋势随着焊接工艺参数的提高更加明显。     

TiAl基合金与Ti合金的真空钎焊

采用Ag-Cu钎料与Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu钎料,对TiAl与Ti合金进行了真空钎焊试验,主要研究了采用两种钎料时的界面反应以及钎焊温度对界面组织及性能的影响.研究发现,采用Ag-Cu钎料时界面结构为:Ti/Ti(Cu,Al)2/TiCux Ag(s,s)/Ag(s,s)/Ti(Cu,Al)2/TiAl,当钎焊温度T=1 223 K,保温时间t=10 min时接头的剪切强度达到223.3 MPa;采用Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu钎料时在界面出现了Ti2Ni,Ti(Cu,Al)2等多种金属间化合物,当钎焊温度T=1 123 K,保温时间t=10 min时接头的剪切强度达到139.97 MPa.     

Interface structure and mechanical property of the brazed joint of graphite and copper

A kind of self-made AgCuTiSn braze alloy powder was used to join graphite and copper. The whole brazing process was performed under vacuum circumstances at different temperatures (1033-1193 K) for several holding time (300-1800 s). According to scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) results, the reaction products of the interface are TiC, Ti3Sn, Cu(s. s), Ag(s. s) and Cu-Sn compound. As the brazing parameters increase, the quantity of Ag(s. s) in the braze alloy and C fibers on graphite/AgCuTiSn interface reduce, while that of Cu (s. s) in the braze alloy improves. When the brazing temperature is 1093 K and holding time is 900 s, the joint can obtain the maximum room temperature shear strength 24 MPa.     

原位TiB增强ZrB2-SiC接头的界面组织和力学性能

以Ag-Cu共晶箔和Ti箔的叠层箔片为中间层,实现了ZrB2-SiC复合陶瓷自身的连接。扫描电镜和能谱分析表明:液态钎料中的Ti能够与ZrB2反应,在陶瓷表面原位生成了具有定向分布的TiB晶须,接头的典型界面结构为ZS/TiB(Ag(s,s))/TiCu(AgCu4Zr)/Ag(s,s)/TiCu(AgCu4Zr)/TiB(Ag(s,s))/ZS。研究了不同温度下接头的组织演化规律,发现ZrB2在液态钎料中的分解温度为860℃,TiB晶须的生成温度为880℃。接头在900℃下保温10 min获得最高抗剪强度134 MPa。较高的强度主要得益于原位TiB晶须阵列对陶瓷表面应力的调节,以及形成陶瓷向焊缝中心的梯度过渡。     

SiO2-BN复相陶瓷润湿性及其接头微观组织

采用座滴法开展Ag-21Cu-4.5Ti合金钎料对SiO₂-BN复相陶瓷润湿与铺展行为研究. 利用SEM、XRD分析润湿界面微观组织以及形成机理. 通过调控SiO₂-BN复相陶瓷中BN含量,研究Ag-21Cu-4.5Ti/SiO₂-BN复相陶瓷润湿体系的润湿模型. 结果表明,Ag-21Cu-4.5Ti/SiO₂-BN复相陶瓷润湿体系的典型界面反应产物为TiN和TiB₂,随着体系BN含量的增加,润湿性逐渐变好. 对SiO₂-BN复相陶瓷与Nb进行钎焊试验,典型界面组织为SiO₂-BN复相陶瓷/TiN + TiB₂/Ti₂Cu + (Ag,Cu)/(βTi,Nb)/Nb. 接头抗剪强度随着钎焊时间升高先增大后减小,当钎焊温度为880 ℃,保温时间10 min时,钎焊接头抗剪强度最高,到达39 MPa.     

Cf/LAS复合材料的钎焊接头组织与性能分析

采用Ag-Cu-Ti活性钎料对C_f/LAS复合材料进行了钎焊,研究了接头界面组织结构和力学性能.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线衍射（XRD）对钎焊接头组织结构进行分析,用抗剪试验检测接头力学性能.结果表明,接头界面典型结构为C_f/LAS复合材料/TiSi₂/Cu₂Ti₄O/TiCu/Ag（s,s）+Cu（s,s）/TiCu/Cu₂Ti₄O/TiSi₂/C_f/LAS复合材料.在钎焊温度为900℃,保温时间为10 min时,接头室温抗剪强度最高达8.4 MPa.     

TiZrNiCu钎焊(Cf-SiCf)/SiBCN与Nb的界面产物及机理分析

采用TiZrNiCu钎料来实现改良的超高温陶瓷（C_f-SiC_f）/SiBCN与金属Nb的钎焊连接,研究了温度、时间对界面组织及力学性能的影响规律,对连接机理进行了分析. 结果表明,在900 ℃/20 min的工艺参数下,（C_f-SiC_f）/SiBCN-Nb接头室温抗剪强度最高达到36 MPa,接头典型的界面结构为Nb/Ti-Nb固溶体/（Ti, Zr）₂（Cu, Ni）/Zr₅Si₃ + Ti₅Si₃/TiC + ZrC/（C_f-SiC_f）/SiBCN. Cu元素在钎焊过程中逐渐从钎料扩散陶瓷母材中,通过与SiC反应生成Cu-Si脆性化合物进一步促进（C_f-SiC_f）/SiBCN陶瓷的分解,同时Cu-Si相是接头断裂路径由钎料层扩展到陶瓷侧的主要原因;保温时间过高时,陶瓷的分解程度增加,接头断裂在陶瓷内部;而温度过高时,固溶体前端与钎料层物相差异增大而引起了贯穿钎料层的裂纹.     

钛合金TC6与TC11高频感应钎焊工艺

以B-Ti57CuZrNi-S为钎料,在氩气保护气氛下对TC6/TC11钛合金进行高频感应钎焊工艺实验研究。采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)等测试方法,分析气体保护流量、流态以及工艺参数对焊接界面形貌、接头组织及元素分布的影响,并测试接头的抗拉强度。结果表明,钎焊界面主要由富Ti的β-Ti固溶组织和Cu-Ti、Ni-Ti以及(Cu,Ni)Ti/Zr组成的金属间化合物相组成。钎焊接头的抗拉强度随钎焊温度的升高或保温时间的延长,呈现先升高后降低的趋势,接头最高强度可达433MPa。TC6/TC11钛合金高频感应钎焊优化工艺参数带为:焊接温度910℃~930℃,保温时间120~150 s,Ar气保护流量1 MPa。