A semantic interoperability approach to health‐care data: Resolving data‐level conflicts

The integration of data from various electronic health record (EHR) systems presents a critical conflict in the sharing and exchanging of patient information across a diverse group of health‐oriented organizations. Patient health records in each system are annotated with ontologies utilizing different health‐care standards, creating ontology conflicts both at the schema and data levels. In this study, we introduce the concept of semantic ontology mapping for the facilitation and interoperability of heterogeneous EHR systems. This approach proposes a means of detecting and resolving the data‐level conflicts that generally exist in the ontology mapping process. We have extended the semantic bridge ontology in support of ontology mapping at the data level and generated the required mapping rules to reconcile data from different ontological sources into a canonical format. As a result, linked‐patient data are generated and made available in a semantic query engine to facilitate user queries of patient data across heterogeneous EHR systems.     

基于OWL本体和SWRL规则的导弹智能故障诊断研究

针对复杂航空装备诊断知识缺乏、诊断效率低和知识共享性差等问题,以某型红外弹为例,提出一种基于OWL本体和SWRL规则的导弹智能故障诊断方法。首先以导弹FMECA结果作为知识源,通过基于ATML语法的OWL逻辑描述语言建立导弹本体模型,完成故障模式和故障原因本体之间的映射;其次采用语义网络规则语言SWRL描述知识库规则,建立本体知识单元之间类、属性和实例的对应关系,最后通过Racer推理机对导弹知识库进行故障诊断推理,获取故障诊断优先级顺序。推理结果表明,该方法能够解决复杂航空装备专家诊断系统中的知识表示困难、缺乏自动语义推理、重用共享性差等问题,获得最优的故障诊断路径的同时减少了故障排查步骤,从而实现了故障原因的快速定位,提高了复杂航空装备专家诊断系统的诊断效率和可靠性。     

基于语义网规则语言的推理机制框架设计

分析了本体描述语言OWL DL在表达能力上局限于描述逻辑的缺陷以及语义网规则语言(semantic web rule language,SWRL)的特点,在已有时本体和规则结合推理的研究基础上,提出了一个基于SWRL的推理机制框架.该框架在OWL本体中引入了规则的表示,弥补了OWLDL在推理机制上的不足,经该框架推导出的新本体在原本体的基础上增加了概念间的语义关联,将隐性知识显示化,完善了本体知识库的内容.在语义Web领域,该框架的应用能够提高本体知识的利用率.     

基于分类的本体映射方法及映射工具实现*

介绍了本体和本体映射的概念,以及目前本体映射的主要方法.针对目前本体映射方法中存在的不足,提出了一种新的本体映射方法--基于分类的本体映射方法,解决了本体概念相似度计算量过大的问题,并实现了基于该映射方法的原型工具COMT,最后通过一个本体映射实例加以验证.     

Agent-based ontology mapping and integration towards interoperability

Abstract: Interoperability is an important issue in ontology research. In this paper, a novel agent-based framework for managing ontologies in a dynamic environment is developed. The framework has several key characteristics such as flexibility and extensibility that differentiate this research from others. Based on the proposed framework, ontology mapping and integration are investigated. It is believed that inter-ontology processes like ontology mapping with logical semantics are foundations of ontology-based applications. Accordingly, several types of semantic relations are proposed and corresponding mapping mechanisms are developed. Based on mapping results, ontology integration is developed to provide abstract views for participating organizations in the presence of a variety of ontologies. A prototype is built to demonstrate the design and functionalities and is applied to beer ontologies. The prototype shows that the framework is not only flexible but also practical. All agents derived from the framework exhibit their behaviours as expected.     

一种构造OWL本体的方法研究

在该文中,首先讨论了3种最常见的抽象(即包含、聚集和联系)以及他们在本体中含义,然后分析并用实例演示了3种抽象的OWL实现方法。当所有的语义联系都被识别和描述后,就产生了OWL本体的主干部分(即分类、对属性的约束、以及分类间的关系)。并提出了一种支持本体构造的语义分析方法,该方法可以识别和定义概念间的语义联系,并将概念间的语义联系映射或转换成OWL原语。     

Ontologies are not the Panacea in Data Integration: A Flexible Coordinator to Mediate Context Construction

Shared ontologies describe concepts and relationships to resolve semantic conflicts amongst users accessing multiple autonomous and heterogeneous information sources. We contend that while ontologies are useful in semantic reconciliation, they do not guarantee correct classification of semantic conflicts, nor do they provide the capability to handle evolving semantics or a mechanism to support a dynamic reconciliation process. Their limitations are illustrated through a conceptual analysis of several prominent examples used in heterogeneous database systems and in natural language processing. We view semantic reconciliation as a nonmonotonic query-dependent process that requires flexible interpretation of query context, and as a mechanism to coordinate knowledge elicitation while constructing the query context. We propose a system that is based on these characteristics, namely the SCOPES (Semantic Coordinator Over Parallel Exploration Spaces) system. SCOPES takes advantage of ontologies to constrain exploration of a remote database during the incremental discovery and refinement of the context within which a query can be answered. It uses an Assumption-based Truth Maintenance System (ATMS) to manage the multiple plausible contexts which coexist while the semantic reconciliation process is unfolding, and the Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory of belief to model the likelihood of these plausible contexts.     

管理信息系统业务流程的OWL本体模型*

针对传统的开发方式将管理信息系统的业务流程以硬编码形式固化在系统软件中带来的诸多问题,将本体论的思想引入到管理信息系统软件的开发中,将其业务流程抽象成一个合理、机器可读的OWL本体模型,并进一步阐述问题的解决方法.     

基于本体和规则推理的GUI软件测试用例生成*

为了提高GUI软件测试用例的生成效率和可维护性,提出了一种基于本体和规则推理的GUI软件测试用例生成方法。首先建立一个通用的GUI软件测试用例本体模型,通过对其继承和实例化可获得具体被测软件的测试用例本体模型,同时开发反映测试数据生成和测试路径生成的测试用例生成规则。最后将基于OWL的测试用例本体和基于SWRL的测试用例生成规则导入Jess推理引擎,通过推理得到符合测试需求的、易于维护的测试用例子集。在核电站堆芯换料管理系统上的应用,验证了该方法的有效性。     

UML和OWL在本体建模中的比较研究

作为语义Web的基础,提供共享概念模型的本体扮演了重要的角色。然而目前的本体开发工具和技术是建立在AI领域KIF和KL-ONE的基础上,难以理解和掌握。通过介绍UML和OWL的基本概念和建模原语,结合建模实例分析它们在本体建模中的开发原理,并对两者在本体建模过程的方法进行分析评价,可以看出将UML应用于本体的开发,能提供标准直观的统一建模过程,提供方便的沟通和理解途径,对本体开发有较高的现实意义和理论价值。     

一种基于ORM的OWL本体与关系数据库映射模型

如何使现有的关系数据库具有语义特征,如何对面向对象中的对象模型进行语义描述,是语义网应用过程中的两个重要问题。提出了一种Ontology-Object-Relational映射模型,提出了相关的映射规则及算法,基于映射元数据实现了本本、对象以及关系数据库间的映射与相互转换。实现了基于该模型的实验系统,并对关系数据库与本体实例间的相互转换进行了实验,实验结果表明本文所提出的映射模型、映射规则及算法是正确与可行的。     

基于语义Web的GIS互操作技术

GIS互操作技术是实现地理信息共享的关键。目前对GIS互操作的研究还主要集中在语法层次上,在语义层次上的互操作研究还处于起步阶段。而语义Web技术能够提供从语法层次到语义层次上的互操作性。因此,如何将语义Web技术应用于GIS互操作是一个值得研究的问题。提出了一种基于语义Web的GIS互操作方案,使用OWL建立地理信息本体,在此基础上探讨了同一本体不同版本间的比较,实现了GIS的语义互操作。     

ODAP: an ontological approach for expressing the semantics of analysis patterns in conceptual modeling

Systematic software reuse is emerging as a promising route to improved software development productivity and quality. While many benefits of patterns reuse have been identified, there is a need to develop a mechanism for supporting and automating the reuse of relevant analysis patterns for conceptual modeling. To enable effective reuse of analysis patterns, extant approaches require judgment about correctly instantiating and combining the analysis patterns. Building on prior research in ontology and conceptual modeling, we propose a “top-down” approach, referred to as Ontology for Describing Analysis Patterns (ODAP), to explicitly express the semantics of analysis patterns. We show how ODAP helps provide a mechanism to identify appropriate instances of analysis patterns including the discovery of valid combinations with other patterns in a patterns base. Thus, ODAP can enable communication of the meaning of the analysis pattern constructs to modelers and be the basis for a design support environment that supports the development of conceptual schemas using analysis patterns.

电子目录的SWRL规则研究

随着电子商务网站和在线商品数量不断增加,电子目录技术变得越来越重要。现有电子目录及标准只是产品分级概念和属性的结合,不能进行基于规则推理的智能化服务,使用SWRL编写电子目录本体的产品关联规则,可以更好地提供基于规则推理的电子目录服务。主要在电子目录标准、本体论和语义Web研究基础上,利用SWRL语言的逻辑表达能力,来构造与研究电子目录本体的SWRL规则,并对产品配置规则,规则推理做出探讨。     

语义物联网中一种多领域信息互操作方法

针对当前语义物联网尚未形成一套比较完善、可共享的语义系统,无法支持不同领域资源描述和语义互操作性问题,提出了一个语义物联网中基于多个领域本体及链接开放数据的语义互操作方法。该方法可以半自动化标注新部署的传感器,为传感器数据添加语义,使机器理解数据含义,并对其进行推理;采用本体实体表管理同一领域本体,来规范统一本体;基于链接开放数据获取命名实体相关的语义,对信息进行补充。最后通过具体实例阐述其工作过程,并与其它经典的方法进行比较。结果表明,其可以较好的实现多领域信息的互操作。     

Discovering and reconciling value conflicts for numerical data integration

The built-up in Information Technology capital fueled by the Internet and cost-effectiveness of new telecommunications technologies has led to a proliferation of information systems that are in dire need to exchange information but incapable of doing so due to the lack of semantic interoperability. It is now evident that physical connectivity (the ability to exchange bits and bytes) is no longer adequate: the integration of data from autonomous and heterogeneous systems calls for the prior identification and resolution of semantic conflicts that may be present. Unfortunately, this requires the system integrator to sift through the data from disparate systems in a painstaking manner. We suggest that this process can be partially automated by presenting a methodology and technique for the discovery of potential semantic conflicts as well as the underlying data transformation needed to resolve the conflicts. Our methodology begins by classifying data value conflicts into two categories: context independent and context dependent. While context independent conflicts are usually caused by unexpected errors, the context dependent conflicts are primarily a result of the heterogeneity of underlying data sources. To facilitate data integration, data value conversion rules are proposed to describe the quantitative relationships among data values involving context dependent conflicts. A general approach is proposed to discover data value conversion rules from the data. The approach consists of the five major steps: relevant attribute analysis, candidate model selection, conversion function generation, conversion function selection and conversion rule formation. It is being implemented in a prototype system, DIRECT, for business data using statistics based techniques. Preliminary study using both synthetic and real world data indicated that the proposed approach is promising.     

基于本体的信息集成技术研究

随着语义网技术的飞速发展,本体起了越来越重要的作用。在信息集成的过程中,本体作为一种工具解决了分布式异构信息源的语义异构问题,实现了信息源语义上的互操作。该文介绍了一种基于混合本体的信息集成方法,通过全局本体和局部本体之间的映射,向用户提供获取数据的统一接口,使用户获得语义上相关的数据。     

一种支持语义互操作的Web服务注册管理机制

随着互联网中Web服务的急剧增长,大量服务资源已呈分布异构状态,仅仅靠单纯的语义信息已经不能满足Web服务的动态集成和随需而变.尽管网络通信协议、基于XML的各种信息交换协议基本解决了网络信息资源之间互连和互通的问题,但自治异构的Web服务之间的互操作问题还有待解决.针对以上问题,基于国际标准ISO/IEC 19763-3:MFBOR,构建了一种语义互操作性Web服务注册管理框架,并提出了Web服务的2种语义互操作能力,初步实现了Web服务资源由“孤岛性”向“互操作性”的转变.     

本体的查询与推理研究

现今,计算机网络被广泛应用于生活的方方面面,而从海量的信息中搜寻出人们所需要的还存在诸多问题,于是产生了本体的概念。而本体的查询和推理是基于本体的应用中重要的组成部分,研究的目的是为了使知识得以充分表达并且对信息的查询更加精确、完备。首先介绍了本体的概念并建立本体模型,然后用本体杳询语言SPARQL对已有模型进行查询并用SWRL对模型进行语义规则的扩充;最后介绍了Jena,并对本体模型进行推理,由此获得了更多知识。结论就足,在利用SPARQL和Jena进行查询与推理的过程中,推理将提高查询能力,而规则是提高推理能力的关键。