邻苯二甲醇合成新工艺研究

以邻二氯苄为原料,在乙醇/水体系中经过Na_2CO_3水解,合成了邻苯二甲醇。考察了水醇体积比、反应原料摩尔比、反应时间以及反应温度对产品收率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。通过红外光谱对产物进行了结构表征,利用高效液相色谱测定了产品的纯度。结果表明:在水醇体积比5∶1的体系中,在反应时间8 h、反应温度90℃、邻二氯苄与无水碳酸钠摩尔比为1∶1.3的最佳反应条件下,合成的邻苯二甲醇收率可达86%,纯度(w)达98%。该工艺操作简单、反应条件温和、成本低,有利于工业化生产。     

邻苯二甲醛合成新工艺研究

邻苯二甲醇在乙酸水溶液中通过硝酸氧化得到目的产物邻苯二甲醛。在单因素实验基础上进行了正交实验,考察醇/酸摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间、醋酸用量等对产品收率的影响。结果表明,优化工艺条件为邻苯二甲醇与硝酸的摩尔比1∶2.5,反应温度80℃,反应时间1 h,收率可达76.0%,含量99.5%。     

邻苯二甲醛合成新工艺研究

邻苯二甲醛是重要的有机合成中间体，可用作胺类生物碱的试剂、荧光计组胺的测定等。目前邻苯二甲醛的合成是通过邻二甲苯侧链氯化生成四氯邻二甲苯，再水解生成邻苯二甲醛，收率较低。本文通过硝酸氧化邻苯二甲醇来合成邻苯二甲醛，取得了理想的效果。     

微波辐射合成邻苯二甲酰亚胺

以苯酐和尿素为反应原料，通过微波辐射合成了邻苯二甲酰亚胺．结果表明：微波辐射法的反应速率显著提高，辐射反应100s，收率达85％，产品纯度为95％．同时考察了微波辐射时间、功率、原料配比以及输入能量对反应收率的影响，发现以苯酐和尿素为原料微波合成邻苯二甲酰亚胺的最佳反应条件为：苯酐：尿素耦1：1：2（摩尔比），每克苯酐输入的表观辐射能为11．35kJ，采用连续辐射方式。     

邻苯二甲酰氯的合成

本文介绍了以苯酐和五氯化磷为原料，经反应、合成邻苯二甲酰氯的方法。     

邻二氟苯的合成与研究

介绍了邻二氟苯两种新的制备方法，即选择邻氟苯胺作为原料（1）在HCl／NaNO2中进行重氮化反应，然后与氟硼酸反应，生成的氟硼酸重氮盐，再在氯代芳烃中加热分解，得到所需产品。（2）在HF／吡啶中加入NaNO2进行重氮化反应，然后再加入氟化氢来降低碱浓度后进行光解，得到所需产品。     

邻苯二甲酰亚胺合成新工艺的研究

探索了苯酐与尿素反应生产邻苯二甲酰亚胺的新工艺并试验出反应的最佳工艺条件。     

邻苯二甲酰亚胺合成新工艺的研究

探索了苯酐与尿素反应生产邻苯二甲酰亚胺的新工艺并试验出反应的最佳工艺条件     

氯化苄法制备1,2-二苯乙烷机理初探

本文对氯化苄法制备1,2-二苯乙烷反应动力学进行了研究。根据文献和实验结果提出了一种新的反应机理,在合理假设和简化的基础上得到其动力学方程,该方程能较好地描述氯化苄缩合反应过程。     

硼氢化钾对酯和羧酸的还原反应的研究

研究了硼氢化钾对酯和羧酸的还原作用。指出了现行文献中对硼氢化钾（钠）还原酯和羧酸作用的欠妥说法。对硼氢化钾的还原作用的认识更加全面。     

NO reduction by CH4 in the presence of O2 over La2O3 supported on Al2O3

Dispersing La₂O₃ on δ- or γ-Al₂O₃ significantly enhances the rate of NO reduction by CH₄ in 1% O₂, compared to unsupported La₂O₃. Typically, no bend-over in activity occurs between 500° and 700°C, and the rate at 700°C is 60% higher than that with a Co/ZSM-5 catalyst. The final activity was dependent upon the La₂O₃ precursor used, the pretreatment, and the La₂O₃ loading. The most active family of catalysts consisted of La₂O₃ on γ-Al₂O₃ prepared with lanthanum acetate and calcined at 750°C for 10 h. A maximum in rate (mol/s/g) and specific activity (mol/s/m²) occurred between the addition of one and two theoretical monolayers of La₂O₃ on the γ-Al₂O₃ surface. The best catalyst, 40% La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, had a turnover frequency at 700°C of 0.05 s⁻¹, based on NO chemisorption at 25°C, which was 15 times higher than that for Co/ZSM-5. These La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts exhibited stable activity under high conversion conditions as well as high CH₄ selectivity (CH₄ + NO vs. CH₄ + O₂). The addition of Sr to a 20% La₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ sample increased activity, and a maximum rate enhancement of 45% was obtained at a SrO loading of 5%. In contrast, addition of SO⁼₄ to the latter Sr-promoted La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst decreased activity although sulfate increased the activity of Sr-promoted La₂O₃. Dispersing La₂O₃ on SiO₂ produced catalysts with extremely low specific activities, and rates were even lower than with pure La₂O₃. This is presumably due to water sensitivity and silicate formation. The La₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts are anticipated to show sufficient hydrothermal stability to allow their use in certain high-temperature applications.     

4-甲基-5-甲酰基噻唑的合成工艺研究

研究了头孢托仑匹酯关键中间体4-甲基-5-噻唑甲醛(1)的合成新工艺.以乙酰乙酸甲酯(2)为起始原料,首先进行α-溴代反应、与硫脲缩合反应,制得2-氨基-4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸甲酯(3),收率高达96%;其次用廉价的次亚磷酸钠(1.5当量)替代次亚磷酸,进行氨基重氮化还原反应,制得4-甲基-5-噻唑甲酸甲酯(4),收率为75%;最后用硼氢化钾/氯化锂体系(1.5当量)在回流的无水乙醇中进行酯还原反应,所得粗产物不经分离提纯,直接用次氯酸钠(2.0当量)氧化得到目标化合物,收率为62%,反应总收率在44%以上.该过程条件温和,操作简便,后处理简单,具有工业化应用前景.     

Reduction of SO2 by CO to elemental sulfur over Co3O4–TiO2 catalysts

Mixed oxides of Co₃O₄–TiO₂ have shown the highest catalytic activity for the reduction of SO₂ by CO among catalysts that have been developed so far. Almost zero conversion was observed with cobalt alone, whereas a high conversion was obtained with TiO₂ especially at high temperatures. There existed a strong synergistic promotional effect in the conversion of SO₂ when cobalt was mixed with TiO₂. The synergistic effect observed with mixed oxides is caused by simultaneous contributions from two different reaction routes via COS intermediate mechanism and modified redox mechanism. The synergistic effect that is caused by the COS mechanism has a smaller amount of contribution in the conversion increase and remains almost constant with an increase in the reaction temperature. A larger portion of the synergistic effect is contributed from the modified redox mechanism especially at low temperatures, but the effect disappears at temperatures above 450°C. It is found that the introduction of cobalt into TiO₂ produces COS by the reaction between sulfided CoS₂ and CO even at low temperatures. The COS intermediate can react with SO₂ to produce an additional sulfur via the COS intermediate mechanism, and also behaves as a strong reductant to keep oxygen vacancies on the TiO₂ in a high concentration for the production of sulfur via modified redox mechanism.     

苯酐法合成2-甲基蒽醌催化剂的研究进展

2-甲基蒽醌是一种重要的有机合成中间体,合成2-甲基蒽醌催化剂的改良可以提高收率,并使合成过程更加绿色环保。综述了近十几年来以邻苯二甲酸酐和甲苯为起始原料,经Friedel-Crafts反应,苯酐法合成2-甲基蒽醌催化剂的研究进展。分子筛催化剂是近几年研究的热点,具有其它催化剂不能比拟的优势,对2-甲基蒽醌的合成有很好的前景。     

尖晶石CoAl_2O_4光催化还原CO_2的研究

采用无机盐溶胶-凝胶法制备了CoAl2O4纳米粉体,用紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射光谱仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其光电活性、晶体结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,所制备催化剂属尖晶石结构,颗粒呈近球形和不规则形状,粒子尺寸约4.39 nm,光吸收极限波长大于800 nm,计算得到禁带宽度Eg1.55 eV。在高压汞灯照射下,分别选用K2C2O4、NaHSO3和NaH2PO2为供电子试剂,进行了光催化还原CO2制取甲酸的研究。结果表明,在选用NaHSO3的情况下,CoAl2O4的催化效果最好,光照4 h,甲酸产量达到4004.16μmol/g-Cat。     

Pyrolysis of cellulose, xylan and lignin with the K2CO3 and ZnCl2 addition for bio-oil production

The chemical structure of liquid products of the wood biopolymers, i.e. cellulose, xylan and lignin pyrolysis at 450 °C with and without the 10 wt.% addition of potassium carbonate or zinc chloride was investigated. The yield of liquid products of pyrolysis was in the range of 24-44 wt.% and their form was depending on the chemical structure of pyrolyzed material. The potassium carbonate and zinc chloride addition to biopolymers has also influenced the temperature range of samples decomposition as well as the structure of resulted bio-oils. All bio-oils from biopolymer were dark-brown water-oil emulsions. Contrarily, bio-oils obtained from biopolymer with K₂CO₃ or ZnCl₂ addition were orange liquids with well-separated water and oil phases. All analyses proved that the composition and the quality of bio-oil strongly depends on both the nature of the starting sample and the presence of the additive. The FT-IR analyses of oils showed that oxygen functionalities and hydrocarbons contents highly depend on the type of biopolymer. Results confirmed the significant removal and/or transformation of oxygen containing organic compounds due to the zinc chloride and potassium carbonate presence during pyrolysis process.     

固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2催化合成苯甲醛缩1,2-丙二醇

以苯甲醛和1,2-丙二醇为原料,在固体超强酸SO24-/ZrO2催化下合成了苯甲醛缩1,2-丙二醇,考察了物料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量、带水剂用量等因素对反应的影响。结果表明,固体超强酸SO24-/ZrO2对合成苯甲醛缩1,2-丙二醇具有良好的催化活性,在苯甲醛用量为0.15mol、n(苯甲醛)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)为1∶1.3、反应时间为60min、催化剂SO24-/ZrO2用量为反应物总质量的0.9%、带水剂环己烷用量为20mL的最佳合成工艺条件下,苯甲醛缩1,2-丙二醇的收率达95.62%、纯度大于99.0%。     

Synthesis of V2O3 Powder by Evaporative Decomposition of Solutions and H2 Reduction

The evaporative decomposition of solutions method was used to form V₂O₅. Spraying above the congruent melting temperature of V₂O₅ (690°C) resulted in dense spherical particles with a smooth surface. Spraying below the V₂O₅ melting temperature yielded porous V₂O₅ powder with a rough surface. Reduction of the V₂O₅ to V₂O₃ was done in a H₂ atmosphere. Spherical V₂O₃ powder was attained when the reduction temperature was low enough to reduce the V₂O₅ surface before partial sintering (necking) between V₂O₅ particles occurred. The resulting V₂O₃ particle size was smaller than the precursor V₂O₅ powder as expected by the differences in densities between V₂O₅ ( p = 3.36 g/cm³) and V₂O₃ ( p = 4.87 g/cm³).